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464 results for “Population Genetic Diversity”
Figure 3 from: Chanthran SSD, Lim P-E, Li Y, Liao T-Y, Poong S-W, Du J, Hussein MAS, Sade A, Rumpet R, Loh K-H (2020) Genetic diversity and population structure of Terapon jarbua (Forskål, 1775) (Teleostei, Terapontidae) in Malaysian waters. ZooKeys 911: 139-160. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.911.39222
Figure 3 Haplotypes median-joining network corresponding to the ML tree with three observed clusters. The star-like profile observed in cluster III indicates the presence of sudden expansion.
Figure 7 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 7 Classification of Pontoscolex corethrurus individuals according to a Bayesian assignment algorithm implemented in NEWHYBRIDS (Anderson and Thompson 2002) to detect gene flow. Each unit represents an individual corresponding to parental lineages (Lineage A and Lineage B), F1 generation, F2 (F1 x F1) and later generation or introgressive hybrids B1 (Lineage A x F1) and B2 (e.g., Lineage B x F1).
Figure 6 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 6 Genetic structure using ISSR data for 35 Pontoscolex corethrurus individuals based on discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). Proportion of eigenvalues in discriminant analysis (bottom left plot) and PCA eigenvalues (bottom right), with the first 12 significant principal components highlighted in black.
Figure 4 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 4 UPGMA dendrogram of genetic distance between MGLs (A) and between populations (B) observed in the distinct populations of Pontoscolex corethrurus collected in central Veracruz State, Mexico. Only bootstrap values higher than or equal to 70% are shown.
Figure 2 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 2 Rarefaction curve of expected number of MLGs captured per earthworm of Pontoscolex corethrurus sampled (A), and a MLG accumulation curve according to the number of loci sampled (B).
Figure 3 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 3 A Principal Components Analysis, where colors indicate specimens of the population (A) and a Minimum Spanning Network where each node denotes a different MLG, with size matching the number of individuals. Edge thickness and color are proportional to absolute genetic distance. Edge lengths are arbitrary (B). Both analyses show the relationship between multilocus genotypes (MLGs) for four different earthworm populations of Pontoscolex corethrurus living in central Veracruz State, Mexico.
Figure 1 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 1 Pastures sampled in the central region of Veracruz State, Mexico. LV, Laguna verde; AC, Actopan; LC, La Concepción; NA, Naolinco. The digital elevation model was created using data provided by Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, México.
Figure 5 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 5 Estimated population genetic structure with a summary plot of Q estimates based on the ISSR data observed for four populations of Pontoscolex corethrurus in central Veracruz State, Mexico. Each individual is shown by a vertical line, which is partitioned into colored segments representing the fraction of the number of members in cluster K (%).
Supplementary material 1 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure S1
Taxus genotype data for "Trunk perimeter correlates with genetic bottleneck intensity and the level of genetic diversity in populations of Taxus baccata L."
<p>The data set contains microsatellite genotypes (18 loci) of Taxus baccata trees, together with the information about sampling sites.</p>
Genetic diversity and structure of wild Vaccinium populations - V. myrtillus, V.vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum in the Baltic States
<p>V. myrtillus L., V. vitis-idaea L. and V. uliginosum L. belong to the genus Vaccinium. These wild species are widely distributed and ecologically important within the Baltic countries but they have not been extensively studied using molecular markers. EST-SSR and cpSSR markers were used to investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of these species to obtain information useful for the development of in situ conservation strategies for these species.</p> <p>Wild Vaccinium species populations are moderately genetically differentiated, with some populations more highly differentiated, but without higher order clustering of groups of populations, indicating that there are no dispersal barriers for these species within the Baltic countries. Genetic diversity of populations growing in protected areas, managed forests and intensively utilised public recreational areas is similar.</p>
Genetic and phenotypic diversity of guppy population pre- and post-flood disturbance
<p class="paragraph"><span>Rare extreme "black swan" disturbances can impact ecosystems in many ways, such as destroying habitats, depleting resources, and causing high mortality. In rivers, for instance, exceptional floods that occur infrequently (e.g., so-called "50-year floods") can strongly impact the abundance of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Beyond such ecological effects, these floods could also impact intraspecific diversity by elevating genetic drift or dispersal and by imposing strong selection, which could then influence the population's ability to recover from disturbance. And yet, natural systems might be resistant (show little change) or resilient (show rapid recovery) even to rare extreme events – perhaps as a result of selection due to past events. We considered these possibilities in two rivers where native guppies experienced two extreme floods - one in 2005 and another in 2016. For each river, we selected four sites and used archived "historical" samples to compare levels of genetic diversity and phenotypic mean traits before versus after floods. Genetic diversity was represented by 33 neutral microsatellite markers, and phenotypic diversity was represented by body length and male melanic (black) color. We found that genetic diversity and population structure was mostly <i>resistant</i> to even these extreme floods; whereas the larger impacts on phenotypic diversity were short-lived, suggesting additional <i>resilience</i>. We discuss the determinants of these two outcomes for guppies facing floods, and then consider the general implications for the resistance and resilience of intraspecific variation to black swan disturbances. </span></p>
Data from: Conserving the genetic diversity of condemned populations: optimizing collections and translocation
<p>We generated SNP genotype data from two endangered plant species, <em>Pimelea spicata</em> and <em>Eucalyptus</em> sp. Cattai. For each, we genotyped plants from a population that was 'condemned,' or that would soon be destoyed. We used the genotype data to design ex situ germplasm collections that preserved the diversity in the condemned populations, in ways that were optimized. Here, we provide an archive of these SNP genotype data, and the code that was used to analyse these data, including the optimizations.</p>
Data from: Low genetic diversity but strong population structure reflects multiple introductions of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) into China followed by human-mediated spread
Historical invasion scenarios based on observational records are usually incomplete and biased, but these can be supplemented by population genetic data. The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, invaded China in the last 13 years and has rapidly become one of the most serious pests in the country. To assess whether this invasion involved a single event or multiple events, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of WFT across 12 Chinese populations and a native US population based on mitochondrial DNA and/or 18 microsatellite loci. The average allelic richness and haplotype diversity in Chinese populations were significantly lower than in a population from its native range. The distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes suggested multiple independent invasions of WFT into China, including two invasions into the Beijing region. Based on microsatellite data, two distinct clusters were identified, with both of them splitting further into two clusters; in the Beijing region, the microsatellite data also provided evidence for two introductions. Both the absence of isolation by distance and the fact that distant populations were similar genetically suggest patterns of WFT movement linked to human activities. Our study therefore suggests multiple introductions of WFT into China and human-assisted spread.
Data from: Extreme genetic diversity in asexual grass thrips populations
The continuous generation of genetic variation has been proposed as one of the main factors explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction in nature. However, populations of asexual individuals may attain high levels of genetic diversity through within-lineage diversification, replicate transitions to asexuality from sexual ancestors and migration. How these mechanisms affect genetic variation in populations of closely related sexual and asexual taxa can therefore provide insights into the role of genetic diversity for the maintenance of sexual reproduction. Here, we evaluate patterns of intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity in sexual and asexual populations of Aptinothrips rufus grass thrips. Asexual A. rufus populations are found throughout the world, whereas sexual populations appear to be confined to few locations in the Mediterranean region. We found that asexual A. rufus populations are characterized by extremely high levels of genetic diversity, both in comparison with their sexual relatives and in comparison with other asexual species. Migration is extensive among asexual populations over large geographic distances, whereas close sexual populations are strongly isolated from each other. The combination of extensive migration with replicate evolution of asexual lineages, and a past demographic expansion in at least one of them, generated high local clone diversities in A. rufus. These high clone diversities in asexual populations may mimic certain benefits conferred by sex via genetic diversity and could help explain the extreme success of asexual A. rufus populations.
Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure in contemporary house sparrow populations along an urbanization gradient.
House sparrow (Passer domesticus) populations have suffered major declines in urban as well as rural areas, while remaining relatively stable in suburban ones. Yet, to date no exhaustive attempt has been made to examine how, and to what extent, spatial variation in population demography is reflected in genetic population structuring along contemporary urbanization gradients. Here we use putatively neutral microsatellite loci to study if and how genetic variation can be partitioned in a hierarchical way among different urbanization classes. Principal coordinate analyses did not support the hypothesis that urban/suburban and rural populations comprise two distinct genetic clusters. Comparison of FST values at different hierarchical scales revealed drift as an important force of population differentiation. Redundancy analyses revealed that genetic structure was strongly affected by both spatial variation and level of urbanization. The results shown here can be used as baseline information for future genetic monitoring programmes and provide additional insights into contemporary house sparrow dynamics along urbanization gradients.
Data from: Clonal genetic structure and diversity in populations of an aquatic plant with combined versus separate sexes
Clonality is often implicated in models of the evolution of dioecy, but few studies have explicitly compared clonal structure between plant sexual systems, or between the sexes in dioecious populations. Here, we exploit the occurrence of monoecy and dioecy in clonal Sagittaria latifola (Alismataceae) to evaluate two main hypotheses: (1) clone sizes are smaller in monoecious than dioecious populations, because of constraints imposed on clone size by costs associated with geitonogamy; (2) in dioecious populations, male clones are larger and flower more often than female clones because of sex-differential reproductive costs. Differences in clone size and flowering could result in discordance between ramet- and genet-based sex ratios. We used spatially explicit sampling to address these hypotheses in 10 monoecious and 11 dioecious populations of S. latifolia at the northern range limit in eastern N. America. In contrast to our predictions, monoecious clones were significantly larger than dioecious clones, probably due to their higher rates of vegetative growth and corm production, and in dioecious populations there was no difference in clone size between females and males; ramet- and genet-based sex ratios were therefore highly correlated. Genotypic diversity declined with latitude for both sexual systems, but monoecious populations exhibited lower genotypic richness. Differences in life history between the sexual systems of S. latifolia appear to be the most important determinants of clonal structure and diversity.
Data from: Genetic diversity does not explain variation in extra-pair paternity in multiple populations of a songbird
Many songbirds are socially monogamous but genetically polyandrous, mating with individuals outside their pair bonds. Extra-pair paternity (EPP) varies within and across species, but reasons for this variation remain unclear. One possible source of variation is population genetic diversity, which has been shown in interspecific meta-analyses to correlate with EPP but which has limited support from intraspecific tests. Using eight populations of the genetically polyandrous red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), including an island population, we investigated whether population-level differences in genetic diversity led to differences in EPP. We first measured genetic diversity over ten microsatellite loci and found, as predicted, low genetic diversity in the island population. Additional structure analyses with multilocus genotypes and mtDNA showed the island population to be distinct from the continental populations. However, the island population's EPP rate fell in the middle of the continental populations' distribution, while the continental populations themselves showed significant variation in EPP. This result suggests that genetic diversity by itself is not a predictor of EPP rate. We discuss reasons for the departure from previous results, including hypotheses for EPP that do not solely implicate female-driven behavior.
Data from: Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Arabian horse populations
The Arabian horse ignites imagination throughout the world. Populations of this breed exist in many countries, and recent genetic work has examined the diversity and ancestry of a few of these populations in isolation. Here we explore seven different populations of Arabians represented by 682 horses. Three of these are Middle Eastern populations from near the historical origin of the breed, including Syrian, Persian, and Saudi Arabian. The remaining Western populations are found in Europe (the Shagya-Arabian and Polish-Arabian) and America (American-Arabian). Analysis of genetic structure was carried out using 15 microsatellite loci. Genetic distances, AMOVA, factorial correspondence analysis and a Bayesian method were applied. The results consistently show higher level of diversity within the Middle Eastern populations than the Western populations. The Western Arabian populations were the main source of among populations variation. Genetic differentiation was not strong among all Middle Eastern populations, but all American-Arabians showed differentiation from Middle Eastern populations and were somewhat uniform among themselves. Here, we explore the diversities of many different populations of Arabian horses, and find that populations not from the Middle East have noticeably lower levels of diversity, which may adversely affect the health of these populations.
Data from: Fire increases genetic diversity of populations of Six-lined Racerunner
Wildfires are highly variable and can disturb habitats, leading to direct and indirect effects on the genetic characteristics of local populations. Florida scrub is a fire-dependent, highly fragmented, and severely threatened habitat. Understanding the effect of fire on genetic characteristics of the species that use this habitat is critically important. We investigated one such lizard, the Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineata), which has a strong preference for open areas. We collected Six-lined Racerunners (n=154) from 11 sites in Highlands County Florida and defined two time-since-last-fire categories: recently burned and long unburned. We screened genetic variation at six microsatellites to estimate genetic differentiation and compare genetic diversity among sites to determine the relationship with time-since-last-fire. A clear pattern exists between genetic diversity and time-since-last-fire in the absence of strong genetic differentiation. Genetic diversity was greater and inbreeding was lower in sites with more recent time-since-last-fire, and genetic characteristics had significantly larger variance in long unburned sites compared to more recently burned sites. Our results suggest that fire suppression increases variance in genetic characteristics of the Six-lined Racerunner. More generally, fire may benefit genetic characteristics of some species that use fire dependent habitats and management efforts for such severely fragmented habitat will be challenged by the presence of multiple species with incompatible fire preferences.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.