Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 14. Chelicerae, anterior view. A. Periegops suteri. B. Drymusa capensis. C. Scytodes globula. D. Stedocys leopoldi. E. Loxosceles rufescens. F in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 14. Chelicerae, anterior view. A. Periegops suteri. B. Drymusa capensis. C. Scytodes globula. D. Stedocys leopoldi. E. Loxosceles rufescens. F. Sicarius rupestris, mirrored. Scales: A–B, F 500 µm, C–E 200 µm.

FIGURE 10. Female leg tarsal organ. A. Periegops suteri, tarsus I. B. Drymusa capensis, tarsus IV. C. Scytodes globula, tarsus I. D. Stedocys leopoldi, tarsus IV. E. Loxosceles rufescens, tarsus I. F. Sicarius rupestris, tarsus IV in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 10. Female leg tarsal organ. A. Periegops suteri, tarsus I. B. Drymusa capensis, tarsus IV. C. Scytodes globula, tarsus I. D. Stedocys leopoldi, tarsus IV. E. Loxosceles rufescens, tarsus I. F. Sicarius rupestris, tarsus IV. Scales: A, C–D 20 µm, B, E–F 10 µm.

FIGURE 6. Female right tarsal claws IV. A–B. Periegops suteri. C–D. Drymusa capensis. A, C. Retrolateral-apical view. B, D in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 6. Female right tarsal claws IV. A–B. Periegops suteri. C–D. Drymusa capensis. A, C. Retrolateral-apical view. B, D. Apical view. Scales: A–D 50 µm. Abbreviations: IC, inferior claw (character 11); Ony, onychium (character 10).

FIGURE 5. Female left tarsal claws I. A–B. Loxosceles rufescens. C–D. Sicarius rupestris. A. Retrolateral-apical view. B, D. Apical view. C in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 5. Female left tarsal claws I. A–B. Loxosceles rufescens. C–D. Sicarius rupestris. A. Retrolateral-apical view. B, D. Apical view. C. Retrolateral view. Scales: A 50 µm, B–D 100 µm. Abbreviations: Ony, onychium (character 10).

FIGURE 8. Female left tarsal claws IV. A–B. Loxosceles rufescens. C–D. Sicarius rupestris. A. Retrolateral-apical view. B, D. Apical view. C in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 8. Female left tarsal claws IV. A–B. Loxosceles rufescens. C–D. Sicarius rupestris. A. Retrolateral-apical view. B, D. Apical view. C. Retrolateral view. Scales: A 50 µm, B 100 µm, C–D 200 µm. Abbreviations: Ony, onychium (character 10).

FIGURE 12. Female left palpal tarsus, apical view. A. Periegops suteri. B. Drymusa capensis. C in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 12. Female left palpal tarsus, apical view. A. Periegops suteri. B. Drymusa capensis. C. Scytodes globula, inset showing pore on blunt macroseta. D. Stedocys leopoldi. E. Loxosceles rufescens. F. Sicarius rupestris. Scales: A, C–E 50 µm, B, F 100 µm. Abbreviations: Bm, blunt macroseta (character 16).

FIGURE 9. Female leg trichobothria. A. Periegops suteri, tibia I. B. Drymusa capensis, metatarsus I. C. Scytodes globula, metatarsus IV. D. Stedocys leopoldi, metatarsus I. E. Loxosceles rufescens, metatarsus I. F. Sicarius rupestris, metatarsus IV in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 9. Female leg trichobothria. A. Periegops suteri, tibia I. B. Drymusa capensis, metatarsus I. C. Scytodes globula, metatarsus IV. D. Stedocys leopoldi, metatarsus I. E. Loxosceles rufescens, metatarsus I. F. Sicarius rupestris, metatarsus IV. Scales: A 10 µm, B 50 µm, C–F 20 µm.

FIGURE 13. Female carapace, lateral view. A. Periegops suteri. B. Drymusa capensis. C in The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

FIGURE 13. Female carapace, lateral view. A. Periegops suteri. B. Drymusa capensis. C. Scytodes globula, right side, mirrored. D. Stedocys leopoldi. E. Loxosceles rufescens. F. Sicarius rupestres. Scales: A–F 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. A in Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

FIGURE 4. A, Biogeographic hypothesis obtained from the Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) model of RASP analysis on a dated phylogeny reconstructed with fossil calibrations using treePL. B, Biogeographic areas used as input in RASP (see Table 4 for details). Note that this is not a distribution map of pimoids, the range of any given pimoid species does not occupy all of the shaded biogeographic area (e.g., in North America pimoids are exclusively found in the west). C, Dispersal and vicariance rates optimized by the DEC model of RASP.

FIGURE 2. A in Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

FIGURE 2. A maximum likelihood phylogeny of linyphioid families (Linyphiidae and Pimoidae) using five molecular markers (matrix M1). Support metrics at nodes indicate Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test (SH-aLRT)/ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot).

FIGURE 7 in Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

FIGURE 7. Putaoa male genitalic morphology: Putaoa huaping Hormiga & Tu, 2008 (A-B), P. seediq Hormiga & Dimitrov, 2017 (C-F). A, Palp, ectal. B, Palp, mesal (arrow points to conductor). C, Palp, ectal. D, palp, dorsomesal (modified from Hormiga 2003, 2008). E, Palp, mesal (schematic). F, Palp, mesal (arrow points to embolic process). Modified from Hormiga & Tu (2008), Hormiga & Dimitrov (2017). Scale bars: A-B, 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: C= conductor; CP = cymbial process; DSA = distal suprategular apophysis; E = embolus; EP = embolic process; P = paracymbium; SPT= suprategulum; ST = subtegulum; T = tegulum.

FIGURE 6 in Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

FIGURE 6. Weintrauboa male genitalic morphology: Weintrauboa yele Hormiga, 2008 (A-B), W. contortipes (Karsch, 1881)(C- E). A, Palp, ectal. B, Palp, mesal. C, Palp, mesal (arrow points to suprategulum). D, E, Tegulum, suprategulum and embolus base. Modified from Hormiga (2003, 2008). Scale bars: A-B, 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: C= conductor; CP = cymbial process; E = embolus; EF = embolic flap; EP = embolic process; MA= median apophysis; P = paracymbium; SPT= suprategulum; T = tegulum.

FIGURE 1. Pimoid and stemonyphantine habitus photographs. A in Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

FIGURE 1. Pimoid and stemonyphantine habitus photographs. A, Pimoa breviata Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943, female from Oregon (DSC_5028). B, Pimoa cthulhu Hormiga, 1994, female from California (DSC_5065). C, Nanoa enana Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005, female from California (DSC_4865, GH0896). D, Pimoa edenticulata Hormiga, 1994, male from California (DSC_5023). E, Putaoa seediq Hormiga & Dimitrov, 2017, male from Taiwan. F, Weintrauboa contortipes (Karsch, 1881), female from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan (DSC_0472). G, Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), male from Zealand, Denmark. H, S. lineatus, female from Zealand, Denmark. Photos by GH.

FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

FIGURE 5. Pimoid male genitalic morphology: Pimoa graphitica Mammola, Hormiga & Isaia, 2016 (A-B), Nanoa enana Hormiga, Buckle & Scharff, 2005 (C-D). A, Palp ventral (arrow up points to embolus; arrow down points to pimoid embolic process; arrow right points to alveolar sclerite). B, Palp, ectal. C, Palp ventral (the embolus is in a slightly displaced position; normally its distal end rests tightly against the tegulum, next to the conductor). D, Palp dorsoectal. Scale bars: A-B, 0.5 mm; C-D, 0.1 mm. Modified from Hormiga et al. (2005). Abbreviations: C= conductor; CDP = cymbial denticulate process; E = embolus; MA= median apophysis; P = paracymbium; PCS = pimoid cymbial sclerite; PEP = pimoid embolic process; T = tegulum.

Figure 21. A–D in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 21. A–D, Tegenaria femoralis; E–I, Tegenaria tyrrhenica; J-M, Tegenaria ferruginea; N-R, Tegenaria parietina. Left male palp in ventral (A, E, L, N) and retrolateral views (B, F, M, O); epigyne in ventral (C, G, J, P) and vulva in dorsal (D, H, K, Q), lateral (R), and anterior views (I). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figure 11. A, B, G, H in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 11. A, B, G, H, Eratigena feminea; C–F, I–P, Eratigena bucculenta s.l. Left male palp in ventral (A, C, E) and retrolateral views (B, D, F); epigyne in ventral (G, I, K, N) and posterior views (O); vulva in ventral (J, L) and dorsal views (H, M, P). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (scale for I is missing).

Figure 23. A–D in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 23. A–D, Tegenaria tridentina; E-H, Tegenaria mirifica; I, J, Tegenaria levantina; K-W, Tegenaria pagana, including the type specimens of Tegenaria cerrutii (R, S), Tegenaria marinae (T, U), and Tegenaria baronii (V, W). Left male palp in ventral (A, E, K) and retrolateral views (B, F, L); epigyne in ventral (C, G, I, P, R, T, V) and vulva in dorsal view (D, H, J, Q, S, U, W); chelicerae in ventral view (O); face of female in frontal (N) and sternum in ventral view (M). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (T–W without scale).

Figure 8. A, B in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 8. A, B, Eratigena atrica; C-F, Eratigena agrestis; G-I, Eratigena fuesslini; J, K, P, Q, Eratigena feminea; L–O, R, S, Eratigena bucculenta s.l. Left male palp in ventral (A, C, G, J, L, N) and retrolateral views (B, D, H, I, K, M, O); epigyne in ventral view (E, P, R); vulva in dorsal view (F, Q, S).

Figure 10. A–G in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 10. A–G, Eratigena atrica; H–K, Eratigena fuesslini; L-O, Eratigena montigena. Female intraspecific morphological variation (A–F); the extremes correspond to the following taxa recognized by some authors: Eratigena atrica (A, D), Eratigena saeva (B, E), and Eratigena duellica (C, F). Epigyne in ventral view [A–C with 'pseudo teeth' (white arrows), J, M]; vulva, dorsal view (D–F, K, N); left male palp in ventral (H, L) and retrolateral views (I, O); male tibia in dorsal view (G) with short dorsal spike (white arrow). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figure 19. A–I in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data

Figure 19. A–I, Tegenaria silvestris, variation in males and females (B, C, F–I); J, K, Tegenaria vankeerorum sp. nov.; L, M, Tegenaria pindosiensis sp. nov.; N, O, Tegenaria croatica sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (A, K) and retrolateral views (B, C, J), with detailed drawing of variation of the terminal end of conductor (TEC); epigyne in ventral (D, L) and vulva in dorsal (E, F, H, M, O), ventral (N), and lateral views (G, I). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; RC, receptaculum.