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FIGURE 11 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 11. Simulium arminii, transparent cocoon of pupa, with weakly developed anterodorsal extension of thickened rim (scale bar = 1.0 mm).

FIGURE 8 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 8. Simulium arminii, female genital fork, hypogynial valves, and spermatheca. Left: ventral view. Right: dorsal view (scale bar = 100 µm).

FIGURE 7 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 7. Simulium arminii, female anal lobe and cercus; left diagonal lateral view (scale bar = 50 µm).

FIGURE 1 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 1. Simulium arminii, male left hind basitarsus; inset with tarsomeres showing the pedisulcus (scale bars = 200 µm).

FIGURE 10 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 10. Simulium arminii, pupal microtubercles with microgranules; white specks represent chalk particles from habitat substratum (scale bar = 50 µm).

FIGURE 13 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 13. Simulium arminii, larval head showing postgenal cleft; ventral view (scale bar = 100 µm).

FIGURE 16 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 16. Chromosome arm IIIL of Simulium arminii; C = centromere. A. Basal half of arm, showing the heterozygous q/w sequence (sensu Hunter 1987); the outer breakpoints of the q and w sequences, as well as IIIP-1, are shown by brackets. The heteroband Hb-85B3 is shown in the homozygous enhanced condition (++). B, C. Basal three-quarters of arm, showing the IIIP-1 and w sequence. Breakpoints of polymorphic inversions IIIL-1ar and IIIL-2ar are indicated by brackets. Small letters 'a' through 'f', when alphabetized, produce the standard sequence of Brockhouse (1985).

FIGURE 3 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 3. Simulium arminii, male ventral plate, left and right parameral spines, and dorsal plate with aedeagal membrane; terminal view (scale bar = 100 µm).

FIGURE 9 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 9. Simulium arminii. Left: pupal exuviae and cocoon showing short anterodorsal projection; anterior half in dorsal view (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Right: schematic depiction of branching pattern of pupal gill (viewed from anterior).

FIGURE 15 in A new species in the Simulium vernum group from the Alps of southern Germany: Simulium arminii (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 15. Simulium arminii, apex of larval mandible, showing apical and preapical teeth, spinous comb teeth, sensillum and three serrations, and convex blade region (scale bar = 10 µm).

FIGURE 28 in Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps

FIGURE 28. Neighbor-joining tree of K2P distances for the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene among 23 specimens representing 3 species of the Coleophora pyrrhulipennella group. End-branch labels are Specimen IDs followed by the geographic area. Barcode Index Numbers (BIN) are indicated below each species name.

FIGURES 8–12 in Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps

FIGURES 8–12. Genitalia of C. ericarnella. Genitalia slide numbers in parentheses. 8, Male genitalia (PG Bldz 15710) "Austria—Osttirol, Lavant, Lavanter Forchach, 650 m, 22.6.2005, leg. H. Deutsch". 9, Male cornuti, enlarged (PG Bldz 15374) "Austria—Osttirol, Lavant, Kienbichl,| 950 m, Waldsteppen, Felsen, 13.7.2009, leg. H. Deutsch". 10, Male cornuti, enlarged (PG Bldz 14785), "Italia; Trentino; TN, Fiera di Primiero, Val Canali, Villa Welsperg, 1050 m, 19.VI.2009, leg. Timossi G." 11, Male abdomen (PG Bldz 14785). 12, Female genitalia (PG Bldz 14827), "Austria—Osttirol, Lavant, Lavanter Forchach, 650 m, 14.6.–10.7.2009, ex larva Erica carnea, leg. H. Deutsch".

FIGURES 23–27 in Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps

FIGURES 23–27. Larval cases and habitat of C. ericarnella. 23–26, larval cases at different stages of development on host plant Erica carnea (fully-grown case in Fig 26) at Austria, Osttirol, Lavant, Lavanter Forchach, 650 m, 11.5.2009 (photo H. Deutsch); 27, Habitat of C. ericarnella at Osttirol, Lavant, Lavanter Forchach, 650 m, VIII.2003 (photo H. Deutsch).

FIGURES 13–16 in Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps

FIGURES 13–16. Comparison of male genitalia of Coleophora, vinculum-valva enlarged. Genitalia slide numbers in parentheses. 13, C. ericarnella (PG Bldz 15374). 14, C. ericarnella (PG 14785). 15, C. pyrrhulipennella (PG Bldz 14863) Danimarca, Sjaelland, Melby overd., Calluna vulgaris, la. 15.V.1959, escl. 26.VI.1989, H. Hendriksen leg., coll. ZMUC. 16, C. pulchripennella (PG Bldz 14820), Corsica, Castirla, 12 km N Corte, 400 m, 20.VI.1994, B. Skule & P. Skou leg., coll. ZMUC.

FIGURES 1–7 in Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps

FIGURES 1–7. Adult habitus of Coleophora. 1, C. ericarnella ♂, "Italien—Friuli, Alta Val Torre, Vedronza, 350 m, 24.6.2004—LF, leg. H. Deutsch". 2, C. ericarnella ♀, "Austria—Osttirol, Lavant, Lavanter Forchach, 650 m, 14.6.2009, ex larva Erica carnea, leg. H. Deutsch. 3, C. pyrrhulipennella ♂, "Calluna vulgaris, 10.5.2003"; "[Finland] EH: Hartola, 682:44, e.l. 24.6.2003, J. Tabell leg", coll. Bldz. 4, C. pyrrhulipennella ♀, ibidem, e.l. 22.6.2002, coll. Bldz. 5, C. pulchripennella ♂, "ITALIA—Calabria, Aspromonte (RC), M.te Ulis, 1035 m, sopra Cardeto, 10.VII.2013 (lux), G. Baldizzone leg.", coll. Bldz. 6, C. pulchripennella ♀ paratype, "GRECIA—Lakonia, 5 km S Monemvasia, 21.–30.VII.1982 (Wood-lux), G. Baldizzone leg.", coll. Bldz. 7, C. ericarnella ♀, live photo of same specimen as fig. 2 (photo H. Deutsch).

FIGURES 17–22 in Coleophora ericarnella Baldizzone, a new species of the C. pyrrhulipennella group (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from the South-Eastern Alps

FIGURES 17–22. Comparison of female genitalia of Coleophora. Genitalia slide numbers in parentheses. Figs. 17–19, posterior half of ductus bursae, sterigma and ovipositor. Figs. 20–22, corpus bursae and signum. 17, C. ericarnella paratype (PG Bldz 14827). 18, C. pyrrhulipennella (PG Bldz 14827) "Nederland, FR, Bakkeveen, Puppedoppe, 2.VII.2000, leg. H. vd. Wolf", coll. Wolf. 19, C. pulchripennella (PG Bldz 14810) "Grecia, Peloponisos, 5 km S Monemvasia, 14.IX.1984, G. Christensen leg.", paratype, coll. ZMUC. 20, C. ericarnella (PG Bldz 14827). 21, C. pyrrhulipennella (PG Bldz 5939) "12499, Suecia, Hd Mästocka UTM 33 V UC 9375, 22.VI.1975, leg. B. Å. Bengtsson", coll. Bengtsson. 22, C. pulchripennella (PG Bldz 14501) "Hellas, Lakonia, 5 km S Monemvasia, 4.IX.1979, leg. G. Christensen", paratype, coll. Bldz.

Figure 7 in Description of a widely distributed but overlooked amphipod species in the European Alps

Figure 7. Habitat preferences of Gammarus alpinus sp. nov. Contour plot of the kernel density estimate of the altidudinal vs. lake surface distribution of all 78 lakes (out of 201 lakes) with reported populations of G. alpinus throughout the Alps. A slight bimodal pattern in both histograms highlights that the species can occur in large, pre-alpine lakes, such as Lake Constance, but is predominantly found in high-elevation, small alpine lakes. Kernel density estimates for the histograms are based on a smoothing bandwidth of 1X (solid line) and 2X (broken line) the SD of the kernel.

Figure 2 in Description of a widely distributed but overlooked amphipod species in the European Alps

Figure 2. Bayesian-inferred phylogenetic time tree of Gammarus alpinus sp. nov. and Gammarus lacustris. Values above branches (two decimal places) indicate likelihood based on 5406 combined trees. For better readability, individuals from Switzerland and Fennoscandia were also collapsed. Values at nodes (one decimal place) indicate the age of the branch in Myr. Branch lengths indicating divergence time (with a relaxed clock model).

Figure 1 in Description of a widely distributed but overlooked amphipod species in the European Alps

Figure 1. Distribution map of Gammarus alpinus sp. nov. Red circles indicate lakes with populations of G. alpinus, while white circles indicate sampled lakes without G. alpinus. The figure summarizes data from the literature and our own sampling. The major alpine drainage areas are given in colour (blue = Rhine/North Sea; orange = Danube/Black Sea; green = Rhone, Po/Mediterranean Sea).

Figure 6 in Description of a widely distributed but overlooked amphipod species in the European Alps

Figure 6. Mouthparts of Gammarus alpinus sp. nov. (♂, 21 mm, Lej da San Murezzan, Switzerland). A, left and right maxilliped; B, mandibular palp, inner face; C, maxilla 2; D, maxilla 1; E, labium/upper lip; F, labrum/ lower lip. Drawings by Vid ̆Svara.