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434 results for “conspecifics”
FIGURES 5–11 in Taxonomic review of Hydrolithon samoënse (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and other taxa found to be conspecific
FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111).
FIGURES 15–19 in Taxonomic review of Hydrolithon samoënse (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and other taxa found to be conspecific
FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse.
FIGURES 12–14 in Taxonomic review of Hydrolithon samoënse (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and other taxa found to be conspecific
FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse.
FIGURES 1–4 in Taxonomic review of Hydrolithon samoënse (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and other taxa found to be conspecific
FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111).
FIGURE 3 in Ranunculus angustisepalus (Ranunculaceae) is an Oxygraphis and conspecific with O. delavayi
FIGURE 3. Lectotype sheet (A) and isolectotype sheet (B) of Oxygraphis delavayi.
FIGURE 1 in Thalictrum argyi (Ranunculaceae) is conspecific with T. fortunei, not T. javanicum
FIGURE 1. Holotype (A) and isotype (B) sheets of Thalictrum argyi (= T. fortunei).
Data from: Mechanisms of thermal adaptation and evolutionary potential of conspecific populations to changing environments
Heterogeneous and ever-changing thermal environments drive the evolution of populations and species, especially when extreme conditions increase selection pressure for traits influencing fitness. However, projections of biological diversity under scenarios of climate change rarely consider evolutionary adaptive potential of natural species. In this study, we tested for mechanistic evidence of evolutionary thermal adaptation among ecologically divergent redband trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in cardiorespiratory function, cellular response and genomic variation. In a common garden environment, fish from an extreme desert climate had significantly higher critical thermal maximum (p<0.05) and broader optimum thermal window for aerobic scope (>3°C) than fish from cooler montane climate. In addition, the desert population had the highest maximum heart rate during warming (20% greater than montane populations), indicating improved capacity to deliver oxygen to internal tissues. In response to acute heat stress, distinct sets of cardiac genes were induced among ecotypes, which helps to explain the differences in cardiorespiratory function. Candidate genomic markers and genes underlying these physiological adaptations were also pinpointed, such as genes involved in stress response and metabolic activity (hsp40, ldh-b and camkk2). These markers were developed into a multi-variate model that not only accurately predicted critical thermal maxima, but also evolutionary limit of thermal adaptation in these specific redband trout populations relative to the expected limit for the species. This study demonstrates mechanisms and limitations of an aquatic species to evolve under changing environments that can be incorporated into advanced models to predict ecological consequences of climate change for natural organisms.
Data from: Cross-modal recognition of familiar conspecifics in goats
When identifying other individuals, animals may match current cues with stored information about that individual from the same sensory modality. Animals may also be able to combine current information with previously acquired information from other sensory modalities, indicating that they possess complex cognitive templates of individuals that are independent of modality. We investigated whether goats (Capra hircus) possess cross-modal representations (auditory–visual) of conspecifics. We presented subjects with recorded conspecific calls broadcast equidistant between two individuals, one of which was the caller. We found that, when presented with a stablemate and another herd member, goats looked towards the caller sooner and for longer than the non-caller, regardless of caller identity. By contrast, when choosing between two herd members, other than their stablemate, goats did not show a preference to look towards the caller. Goats show cross-modal recognition of close social partners, but not of less familiar herd members. Goats may employ inferential reasoning when identifying conspecifics, potentially facilitating individual identification based on incomplete information. Understanding the prevalence of cross-modal recognition and the degree to which different sensory modalities are integrated provides insight into how animals learn about other individuals, and the evolution of animal communication.
Data from: Frequency-dependent conspecific attraction to food patches
In many ecological situations, resources are difficult to find but become more apparent to nearby searchers after one of their numbers discovers and begins to exploit them. If the discoverer cannot monopolize the resources, then others may benefit from joining the discoverer and sharing their discovery. Existing theories for this type of conspecific attraction have often used very simple rules for how the decision to join a discovered resource patch should be influenced by the number of individuals already exploiting that patch. We use a mechanistic, spatially explicit model to demonstrate that individuals should not necessarily simply join patches more often as the number of individuals exploiting the patch increases, because those patches are likely to be exhausted soon or joining them will intensify future local competition. Furthermore, we show that this decision should be sensitive to the nature of the resource patches, with individuals being more responsive to discoveries in general and more tolerant of larger numbers of existing exploiters on a patch when patches are resource-rich and challenging to locate alone. As such, we argue that this greater focus on underlying joining mechanisms suggests that conspecific attraction is a more sophisticated and flexible tactic than currently appreciated.
Data from: Skin temperature changes in wild chimpanzees upon hearing vocalizations of conspecifics
A growing trend of research using infrared thermography (IRT) has shown that changes in skin temperature, associated with activity of the autonomic nervous system, can be reliably detected in human and non-human animals. A contact-free method, IRT provides the opportunity to uncover emotional states in free-ranging animals during social interactions. Here, we measured nose and ear temperatures of wild chimpanzees of Budongo Forest, Uganda, when exposed to naturally occurring vocalizations of conspecifics. We found a significant temperature decrease over the nose after exposure to conspecifics' vocalizations, whereas we found a corresponding increase for ear temperature. Our study suggests that IRT can be used in wild animals to quantify changes in emotional states in response to the diversity of vocalizations, their functional significance and acoustical characteristics. We hope that it will contribute to more research on physiological changes associated with social interactions in wild animals.
Data from: Reproductive interference hampers species coexistence despite conspecific sperm precedence
<p>Negative interspecific mating interactions, known as reproductive interference, can hamper species coexistence in a local patch and promote niche partitioning or geographical segregation of closely related species. Conspecific sperm precedence (CSP), which occurs when females that have mated with both conspecific and heterospecific males preferentially use conspecific sperm for fertilization, might contribute to species coexistence by mitigating the costs of interspecific mating and hybridization. We discussed whether two species exhibiting CSP can coexist in a local environment in the presence of reproductive interference. First, using a behaviourally explicit mathematical model, we demonstrated that two species characterized by negative mating interactions are unlikely to coexist because the costs of reproductive interference, such as loss of mating opportunity with conspecific partners, are inevitably incurred when individuals of both species are present. Second, we experimentally examined differences in mating activity and preference in two <i>Harmonia</i> ladybird species known to exhibit CSP. According to the developed mathematical model of reproductive interference, these behavioural differences should lead to local extinction of <i>H. yedoensis</i> because of reproductive interference by <i>H. axyridis</i>. This prediction is consistent with field observations that <i>H. axyridis</i> uses various food sources and habitats whereas <i>H. yedoensis</i> is confined to a less preferred prey item and a pine tree habitat. Finally, by a comparative approach, we showed that niche partitioning or parapatric distribution, but not sympatric coexistence in the same habitat, is maintained between species with CSP belonging to a wide range of taxa, including vertebrates and invertebrates living in aquatic or terrestrial environments. Taken together, we suggest that reproductive interference can destabilize local coexistence even in closely related species that exhibit CSP.</p>
Figure 1 in Study of the external morphology of Leptodora kindtii Focke, 1844 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Haplopoda), with notes on its relation to Cladocera and on conspecificity of populations of the species over the Eurasian range
Figure 1. Scheme of measurements of body parts of Leptodora kindtii.
Figure 1 in Morphometrics confirms the conspecific between Blaptica dubia (Serville) and B. interior Hebard (Blattodea: Blaberidae)
Figure 1. Blaptica interior, dorsal habitus. Male (after Hebard, 1921) and female (deposited in MNHN). Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 4 from: Tribull CM, Pankowski MV, Colombo WD (2021) A new genus and species of Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from upper Eocene Baltic amber with a review of conspecific association from insect fossils. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 119-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.68658
Figure 4 †Archeonesia eocena Tribull, Pankowski & Colombo, gen. et. sp. nov., male holotype A head, ventro-frontal view B metasoma, ventral view C prothorax and mesothorax, dorsal view D mesosoma, ventral view E wings, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 μm (C); 1 mm (A, B, D, E).
Figure 1 from: Tribull CM, Pankowski MV, Colombo WD (2021) A new genus and species of Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from upper Eocene Baltic amber with a review of conspecific association from insect fossils. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 119-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.68658
Figure 1 †Archeonesia eocena Tribull, Pankowski & Colombo, gen. et. sp. nov. A dorsal habitus of male holotype and female allotype B ventral habitus of male holotype and female allotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B).
Figure 3 from: Tribull CM, Pankowski MV, Colombo WD (2021) A new genus and species of Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from upper Eocene Baltic amber with a review of conspecific association from insect fossils. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 119-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.68658
Figure 3 †Archeonesia eocena Tribull, Pankowski & Colombo, gen. et. sp. nov. Illustration of ventral habitus of male holotype and female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 5 from: Tribull CM, Pankowski MV, Colombo WD (2021) A new genus and species of Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from upper Eocene Baltic amber with a review of conspecific association from insect fossils. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 119-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.68658
Figure 5 †Archeonesia eocena Tribull, Pankowski & Colombo, gen. et. sp. nov., female allotype A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, ventral view C head, ventro-lateral view D eye, with red arrow pointing to lower margin. Scale bars: 650 μm (D), 1 mm (A–C).
Figure 2 from: Tribull CM, Pankowski MV, Colombo WD (2021) A new genus and species of Pristocerinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from upper Eocene Baltic amber with a review of conspecific association from insect fossils. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 119-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.68658
Figure 2 †Archeonesia eocena Tribull, Pankowski & Colombo, gen. et. sp. nov. Illustration of dorsal habitus of male holotype and female allotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Arriaga-Jiménez A, Roy L (2015) Co1 DNA supports conspecificity of Geomyphilus pierai and G. barrerai (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) and is a good marker for their phylogeographic investigation in Mexican mountains. ZooKeys 512: 77-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.512.9646
Figure 2 - Example of the biotopes where the pocket gophers' burrows were dug: a scrubland in Malinche b grassland in Sierra Negra c pocket gopher nest at 50 cm depth d pocket gopher nest at more than 1.6 m depth.
Figure 5 from: Arriaga-Jiménez A, Roy L (2015) Co1 DNA supports conspecificity of Geomyphilus pierai and G. barrerai (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) and is a good marker for their phylogeographic investigation in Mexican mountains. ZooKeys 512: 77-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.512.9646
Figure 5 - The size of the circles is proportional to the haplotype frequency. The length of links between haplotypes is proportional to the number of mutated positions. The median vectors that represent hypothetical intermediates or unsampled haplotypes are shown in small open dots. The haplotype circles' color corresponds to the sampling origin (one color per mountain).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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