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FIGURES 32–40 in Five new species of the Afrotropical dark sac spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae)

FIGURES 32–40. Digital microscope photographs of Messapus species, cleared female epigynes in ventral view (32–36) and male palps in ventral (37, 39) and retrolateral views (38, 40): 32, 37, 38 M. megae sp. n.; 33 M. meridionalis sp. n.; 34 M. seiugatus sp. n.; 35 M. tigris sp. n.; 36, 39, 40 M. tropicus sp. n.. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 11–22 in Five new species of the Afrotropical dark sac spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae)

FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Messapus martini Simon, 1898 subadult female: 11 Eye region, dorsal view; 12 Detail of feathery setae in eye region; 13 Same, anterior dorsal abdomen; 14–16 Spines and feathery setae on femur (14), tibia (15) and metatarsus (16) of leg I; 17 Patella I, patellar indentation (PI); 18 Same, detail of lyriform organ at proximal end of PI; 19 Tip of tarsus III; 20–21 Trichobothrial bases on tarsus I (20) and metatarsus III (21); 22 Tarsal organ, leg III.

FIGURES 45–50 in Five new species of the Afrotropical dark sac spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae)

FIGURES 45–50. Female genitalic morphology of Messapus meridionalis sp. n. (45, 46), M. seiugatus sp. n. (47, 48) and M. tigris sp. n. (49, 50): 45, 47, 49 Epigyne, ventral view; 46, 48, 50 Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 23–31 in Five new species of the Afrotropical dark sac spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae)

FIGURES 23–31. Scanning electron micrographs of Messapus tigris sp. n. female, leg III: 23 Femur, spine, elongate striate scales (ESS) and squamose setae with brachia (SSB); 24 Patella, SSB, ESS and rugose longitudinal dorsal lines (RL); 25 Tibia, spine, SSB and ESS; 26 Metatarsus, SSB and ESS; 27 Distal part of tarsus, indicating trichobothriae (TR), tarsal pores (TP), tarsal slit sensillum (TS), tactile setae (TaS) and chemosensory seta (CS); note the much longer brachia and narrower shafts of the SSB in this part of tarsus; 28 Tarsal claw; 29 Proximal tarsal trichobothrium; 30 Tarsal pore; 31 Tarsal slit sensillum.

FIGURES 1–2 in Five new species of the Afrotropical dark sac spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Habitus photographs of female Messapus tigris sp. n. from Okavango Delta in Botswana: 1 Hiding in a crevice on Vachellia tortilis bark; 2 On the soil surface. Photographs by C. Haddad.

FIGURES 3–10 in Five new species of the Afrotropical dark sac spider genus Messapus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Corinnidae)

FIGURES 3–10. Digital microscope photographs of Messapus species, female right chelicerae in posterior view (3) and dorsal habitus (4–10): 3, 8 M. tigris sp. n., female; 4 M. megae sp. n., female; 5 Same, male; 6 M. meridionalis sp. n., female; 7 M. seiugatus sp. n., female; 9 M. tropicus sp. n., female; 10 Same, male. Scale bars: 3 = 1 mm, 4–10 = 2 mm. Abbreviations: CPPM—cheliceral promarginal pronounced mound; F—fang; P—paturon; PMT—promarginal teeth; RMT—retromarginal teeth.

FIGURE 5 in Systematic revision of Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with pale spots on dark elytra and description of two new species

FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of (a) the neotype of Calligrapha vigintimaculata (Chevrolat), (b) the holotype of C. panzoensis Bechyné, and (c) the holotype of C. stillatipennis Stål. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Systematic revision of Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with pale spots on dark elytra and description of two new species

FIGURE 4. Ventral and lateral views and detailed dorsal view of distal end of penis of Calligrapha stillatipennis Stål (a, b) and C. zapoteca sp. nov. (c, d). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Systematic revision of Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with pale spots on dark elytra and description of two new species

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Calligrapha species with pale spots in Central America. Distribution map of the group of species allied to C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) (a), of C. multiguttata Stål (b), and the group of species allied to C. barda (Say) (c).

FIGURE 2 in Systematic revision of Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with pale spots on dark elytra and description of two new species

FIGURE 2. Ventral and lateral views and detailed dorsal view of distal end of penis of Calligrapha panzoensis Bechyné (a, b), C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) (c, d), C. barda (Say) (e, f), C. multiguttata Stål (g, h), and C. pavimentata sp. nov. (i, j). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Systematic revision of Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with pale spots on dark elytra and description of two new species

FIGURE 1. Dorsal and lateral views of (a) the lectotype of Calligrapha multiguttata Stål, (b) the neotype of C. barda (Say), (c) the holotype of C. zapoteca sp. nov., and (d) the holotype of C. pavimentata sp. nov. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Pseudolycoriella skusei sp. nov. (Diptera: Sciaridae), a new dark-winged fungus gnat from Norfolk Island and Australia

FIGURE 1. Male Pseudolycoriella skusei sp. nov. (holotype). (A) Gonostylus, (B) Hypopygium, ventral view. (C) antennal flagellomeres I–IV, (D) antennal flagellomere IV, (E) apical part of fore tibia, (F) apical tarsal segment with toothed claws (photobased drawings).

FIGURE 5 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of (A) Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., showing the presence of dark tissue in the dorsal musculature, and (B) the absence of dark tissue in B. ephippium.

FIGURE 7 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 7. Photos of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. in life: (A) female, (B) male, (C) same male hidden beneath roots, (D) roots where the male was found.

FIGURE 4 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Histological analysis: (A) Dissected individual of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (MZUFV 16579); (A1) closer view of the dark tissue; (A2) detail in the provision of pigmented tissue that follows adjacent muscle fibers. Transverse sections: (B) inclusion in resin; longitudinal section (C) inclusion in paraffin. Arrows indicate the dark pigments of connective tissue: epimysium (epm), perimysium (prm) and endomysium (edm). Muscle tissue (msc).

FIGURE 6 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (bellow) of the calls of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (A) Sequence of four notes of the advertisement call, recorded on 20 November 2015, 12h40, air temperature 22°C, paratype MZUFV 16629. (B) Sequence of six notes of the aggressive call, recorded on 17 December 2015, 19h00, air temperature 19°C, holotype MZUFV 16636.

FIGURE 3 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., (A) dorsal view of right hand, dorsal view of right foot, and (C) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected.

FIGURE 8 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 8. Geographical distribution of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., and of Brachycephalus didactylus, B. pernix and B. ephippium species groups. BA (Bahia State), MG (Minas Gerais State), ES (Espírito Santo State), RJ (Rio de Janeiro State), SP (São Paulo State), PR (Paraná State), SC (Santa Catarina State).

FIGURE 2 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Cleared and double-stained specimen of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (paratype MZUFV 15566, SVL 16.14 mm, adult). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of the skull; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull, vertebrae and para-axial bony plates. Legends: exoc (exoccipital), fp (frontoparietal), max (maxilla), nas (nasal), owin (oval window), pmax (premaxilla), ppl (parotic plate), prsph (parasphenoid), ptr (pterigoid), PV (pressacral vertebrae), pvpl (paravertebral plate), sac (sacrum), sq (squamosal), SPl (spinal plate), sphen (sphenethmoid), uro (urostyle), vm (vomer).

FIGURE 1 in The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3mm.