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1,265 results for “discharges”
Daily average discharge data from I8 Inlet, near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2011
As a part of the CSASN project, daily average discharge was estimated in three streams within the Toolik Inlet watershed from 2011 - 2012 summer/fall seasons. HOBO U20 data loggers were used for stage (water depth) data acquisition, and a rating curve relationship between stage and occasional dilution gauged discharge measurements was established to transform continuous stage measurements to continuous discharge measurements. The data included in this file is from I8 Inlet stream, 2011 season.
daily average discharge data from I8 Outlet near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2011
As a part of the CSASN project, daily average discharge was estimated in three streams within the Toolik Inlet watershed from 2011 - 2012 summer/fall seasons. HOBO U20 data loggers were used for stage (water depth) data acquisition, and a rating curve relationship between stage and occasional dilution gauged discharge measurements was established to transform continuous stage measurements to continuous discharge measurements. The data included in this file is from I8 Outlet stream, 2011 season.
discharge data from Peat Inlet near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2010
As a part of the CSASN project, daily average discharge was estimated in three streams within the Toolik Inlet. HOBO U20 data loggers were used for stage (water depth) data acquisition, and a rating curve relationship between stage and occasional dilution gauged discharge measurements was established to transform continuous stage measurements to continuous discharge measurements. The data included in this file is from Peat Inlet stream, 2010 season.
daily average discharge data from Peat Inlet near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2011
As a part of the CSASN project, daily average discharge was estimated in three streams within the Toolik Inlet watershed from 2011 - 2012 summer/fall seasons. HOBO U20 data loggers were used for stage (water depth) data acquisition, and a rating curve relationship between stage and occasional dilution gauged discharge measurements was established to transform continuous stage measurements to continuous discharge measurements. The data included in this file is from Peat Inlet stream, 2011 season.
Toolik Inlet Discharge Data collected in summer 2004, Arctic LTER, Toolik Research Station, Alaska.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Storm event chemistry and discharge for C2, C3, and C4 watersheds at CPCRW in response to the Frostfire event: 1999
This is a collection of stream chemisty following a large storm event. Three watersheds were sampled C2, C3, C4. C4 was burned during the Frostfire event.
Watershed 18 daily stream discharge, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 1936-2018
Watershed 18 or Grady Branch is a northwest facing reference catchment encompassing 30.84ac (12.48ha) or .04819 sq. miles. The elevation ranges from 2382ft (726m) at the weir to 3258ft (993m). The average land slope is 52.5%, and the average channel slope is 18.9%. The channel is a total of 924ft (281.6m) long. Additional USDA Forest Service Data can be found at this link: http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/coweeta/tools-and-data/
Watershed 27 daily stream discharge, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 1946-2018
Watershed 27 or Hard Luck Creek is a north-northeast facing reference catchment encompassing 96.5 acres (39ha) or .15080 sq. miles. The elevation ranges from 3380ft (1061m) at the weir to 4770ft (1454m). The average land slope is 54.7%, and the average channel slope is 33.2%. The channel is a total of 3894ft (1187m) long. Additional USDA Forest Service Data can be found at this link: http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/coweeta/tools-and-data/
Observational data and numerical experimental files for subglacial discharge plume in Bowdoin Fjord, northwestern Greenland
<p>The dataset includes observational data and all the files used in the numerical experiments. Additionally, this includes the codes to generate the figures and analysis. Please see Ohashi et al. (2019) for details (<a href="https://www.ocean-sci-discuss.net/os-2019-33/">https://www.ocean-sci-discuss.net/os-2019-33/</a>).</p>
Supporting information for the paper: Constraints on recoil leader properties estimated from X-ray emission in aircraft triggered discharges
<p>Supporting information for the paper: Constraints on recoil leader properties estimated from X-ray emission in aircraft triggered discharges consisting of 18 data files, sorted by figure the data appears in. See 0_READ_ME for information about the individual files and variables.</p>
CO2 conversion in nonuniform discharges: disentangling dissociation and recombination mechanisms
<p>This archive contains supplementary data associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Title: CO2 Conversion in Nonuniform Discharges: Disentangling Dissociation and Recombination Mechanisms<br> Authors: A.J. Wolf, F.J.J. Peeters, P.W.C. Groen, W.A. Bongers, and M.C.M. van de Sanden<br> Journal: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C<br> Date of publication: July 14, 2020<br> DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03637</p> <p>=====================================================================================<br> ABSTRACT<br> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> Motivated by environmental applications such as synthetic fuel synthesis, plasma-driven conversion shows promise for efficient and scalable gas-conversion of CO2 to CO. Both discharge contraction and turbulent transport have a significant impact on the plasma processing conditions, but are, nevertheless, poorly understood. This work combines experiments and modeling to investigate how these aspects influence the CO production and destruction mechanisms in the vortex-stabilized CO2 microwave plasma reactor. For this, a two-dimensional axisymmetric tubular chemical kinetics model of the reactor is developed, with careful consideration of the non-uniform nature of the plasma and the vortex-induced radial turbulent transport. Energy efficiency and conversion of the dissociation process show a good agreement with the numerical results over a broad pressure range from 80 - 600mbar. The occurrence of an energy efficiency peak between 100 - 200 mbar is associated with a discharge mode transition. The net CO production rate is inhibited at low pressure by the plasma temperature, while recombination of CO back to CO2 dominates at high pressure. Turbulence-induced cooling and dilution of plasma products limit the extent of the latter. The maxima in energy efficiency observed experimentally around 40% are related to limits imposed by production and recombination processes. Based on these insights, feasible approaches for optimization of the plasma dissociation process are discussed.<br> </p> <p>=====================================================================================<br> STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY DATA<br> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> The data and numerical code used to produce Figs. 6-16 in the publication are structured as listed below. The reactor model has been carried out in Wolfram Mathematica 11, as detailed in the publication. The code is available upon request by contacting the corresponding authors. The thermodynamics calculations regarding the quenching scenarios are carried out in python 3.7 using the thermodynamic equilibrium solver of the Cantera chemical kinetics library.</p> <p>DIRECTORY | DESCRIPTION<br> .\reactor_model | input files and simulation results used to produce Figs. 6 - 14<br> .\experimental | experimental data used in Fig 15<br> .\thermodynamics | thermodynamic calculations (python code and input file) used to produce Fig. 16<br> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>=====================================================================================<br> TERMS OF USE<br> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> The data contained in this repository is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.</p>
Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation during uncultured aerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes that discharged from a natural hydrothermal system
<p>Aerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes was observed in gas samples from the Lutao intertidal hydrothermal vents in Taiwan, during storage without adding strains and replenishing substrates at 20 <sup>o</sup>C up to 29 months. The carbon isotope fractionation factors (<em>ε<sub>C</sub></em>) of methane (C<sub>1</sub>), ethane (C<sub>2</sub>), and propane (C<sub>3</sub>), were calculated using the Rayleigh fractionation equation to be -37.1 ± 7.5‰, -14.8 ± 4.8‰, and -4.7 ± 5.2‰, respectively. The hydrogen isotope fractionation factor (<em>ε<sub>H</sub></em>) of methane was determined to be -281 ± 187‰. DNA sequencing of the 16sRNA gene in the vent fluids suggests that aerobic oxidation is dominated by methanotrophs of the genera <em>Methylomicrobium</em> and <em>Methylophaga,</em> which use the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP). The degrees of isotope fractionation (<em>ε<sub>C</sub></em> and <em>ε<sub>H</sub></em> values) herein are larger than previously reported values, possibly due to the limited O<sub>2</sub> supply and low abundance of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria in the experiments. Since the fractionation factor of methane is higher than those of ethane and propane, the aerobic oxidation of thermogenic or microbial alkanes could produce carbon isotope reversal, which is frequently noted as a trait of abiotic hydrocarbons. This work demonstrates that in addition to anaerobic microbial oxidation, aerobic oxidation with a low cell density can also produce significant isotope fractionation of alkanes in geological closed/semi-closed environments that are characterized by moderate temperatures and a limited supply of substrates and O<sub>2</sub>; these environments include cold seeps, mud volcanoes, and low-temperature hydrothermal aquifers/reservoirs.</p>
Data from: Surface and subsurface phosphorus discharge from a clay soil in a 9-year study comparing no-till and plowing
No-till as a water protection measure is highly efficient in controlling erosion and particulate phosphorus (PP) loss, but tends to increase dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations in runoff water. In a 9-year field study on a clay soil in SW Finland, the effects of no-till and autumn plowing on surface runoff and subsurface drainage water quality were compared. The site had 2% slope and was under spring cereal cropping, with approximately replacement fertilizer P rates. Vertical stratification of soil test P that had developed during a preceding 6-year grass ley was undone by plowing, but continued to develop under no-till. During the 9-yr study period, no-till soil had 27% lower cumulative total P losses than plowed soil (10.0 vs. 13.7 kg TP ha-1). Concentrations and losses of PP were clearly lower under no-till than plowing (5.6 vs. 12.3 kg PP ha-1), but DRP loss showed the opposite trend (4.3 vs. 1.4 kg DRP ha-1). There was an increasing trend in subsurface drainflow DRP concentration under no-till, possibly because of development of a conductive pore structure from soil surface to drain depth. The potential benefit of no-till in water protection depends on how much of the PP transported to water is transformed into a bioavailable form and used by aquatic organisms. The beneficial effect of no-till in controlling P induced eutrophication at the study site would only be realized if the bioavailable share of PP exceeds 43%. Otherwise no-till would not be an efficient eutrophication control measure at this site.
Data from: Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia
Biological invasions have the potential to cause extensive ecological and economic damage. Maritime trade facilitates biological invasions by transferring species in ballast water, and on ships' hulls. With volumes of maritime trade increasing globally, efforts to prevent these biological invasions are of significant importance. Both the International Maritime Organization and the Australian government have developed policy seeking to reduce the risk of these invasions. In this study, we constructed models for the transfer of ballast water into Australian waters, based on historic ballast survey data. We used these models to hindcast ballast water discharge over all vessels that arrived in Australian waters between 1999 and 2012. We used models for propagule survival to compare the risk of ballast-mediated propagule transport between ecoregions. We found that total annual ballast discharge volume into Australia more than doubled over the study period, with the vast majority of ballast water discharge and propagule pressure associated with bulk carrier traffic. As such, the ecoregions suffering the greatest risk are those associated with the export of mining commodities. As global marine trade continues to increase, effective monitoring and biosecurity policy will remain necessary to combat the risk of future marine invasion events.
Data from: Cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical units: economic evaluation in a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS)
Background: Poor outcomes and high resource-use are observed for frail older people discharged from acute medical units. A specialist geriatric medical intervention, to facilitate Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, was developed to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes and associated high resource-use in this group in the post-discharge period. Objective: To examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people in the 90 days following discharge from an acute medical unit, compared with standard care. Methods: Economic evaluation was conducted alongside a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS). 433 patients (aged 70 or over) at risk of future health problems, discharged from acute medical units within 72 hours of attending hospital, were recruited in two general hospitals in Nottingham and Leicester, UK. Participants were randomised to the intervention, comprising geriatrician assessment in acute units and further specialist management, or to control where patients received no additional intervention over and above standard care. Primary outcome was incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: We undertook cost-effectiveness analysis for 417 patients (intervention: 205). The difference in mean adjusted QALYs gained between groups at 3 months was -0.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.009, 0.007). Total adjusted secondary and social care costs, including direct costs of the intervention, at 3 months were £4412 (€5624, $6878) and £4110 (€5239, $6408) for the intervention and standard care groups, the incremental cost was £302 (95% CI: 193, 410) [€385, $471]. The intervention was dominated by standard care with probability of 62%, and with 0% probability of cost-effectiveness (at £20,000/QALY threshold). Conclusions: The specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical unit was not cost-effective. Further research on designing effective and cost-effective specialist service for frail older people discharged from acute medical units is needed.
A global map of mean annual runoff based on discharge observations from large catchments
<p>This report describes the development of a global map of mean annual runoff (MAR) based on discharge observations from 1651 large catchments (10,003 to 4,691,000 km<sup>2</sup>) around the globe. The map was produced based on the assumption that the mean annual volumetric discharge difference between a station and its upstream neighbor(s) represents the MAR generated in the interstation region. The produced map represents a unique spatial estimate of MAR at a global scale useful for, among other things, the spatial evaluation of macro-scale hydrological models. Compared to an equivalent map developed at the University of New Hampshire, the new map (i) is based on substantially more catchments (1651 versus 663), (ii) has a higher resolution (∼0.04° versus 0.5°), (iii) covers a larger portion of the hydrologically-active, ice-free land surface (58.9 % versus 56.5 %), and (iv) agrees considerably better with a completely independent MAR map based on small catchments.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Electric organ discharges of South African Marcusenius species (Teleostei: Mormyridae) and their effectiveness as indicators of local species diversity
FIGURE 5. Male. Discriminant analysis (DA) of characters of the electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform of five male samples of South African Marcusenius species, compared to M. devosi specimens from Kenya (D symbols). B, S and P symbols, M. pongolensis specimens from different South African locations; K symbols, M. krameri. EOD waveform characters that were included in DA as given in Table 2, but Ndur excluded because of irrelevance in the male sample.
FIGURE 4 in Electric organ discharges of South African Marcusenius species (Teleostei: Mormyridae) and their effectiveness as indicators of local species diversity
FIGURE 4. Female. Discriminant analysis (DA) of characters of the electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform of five female plus juvenile samples of South African Marcusenius species, compared to M. devosi specimens from Kenya (D symbols). B, S and P symbols, M. pongolensis specimens from different South African locations; K symbols, M. krameri. EOD waveform characters that were included in DA as given in Table 3, but PNsep excluded because of irrelevance in the female sample.
FIGURE 2 in Electric organ discharges of South African Marcusenius species (Teleostei: Mormyridae) and their effectiveness as indicators of local species diversity
FIGURE 2. Electric organ discharge of a Marcusenius krameri with the positive peak amplitude normalized to 1 V, as an example for showing the characters analysed and their definitions. EOD shown was field-recorded from male specimen Mogol27 (ZSM 39535(7) from Mokolo River).
FIGURE 1. A in Electric organ discharges of South African Marcusenius species (Teleostei: Mormyridae) and their effectiveness as indicators of local species diversity
FIGURE 1. A, partial geography of southern Africa showing localities where fish were sampled. B, partial geography of South Africa. Locality 1, Tana River, Kenya, Marcusenius devosi. Locality 2, Mokolo River, M. krameri. Locality 3, Sabie River, M. pongolensis. Locality 4, Kosi Bay area, Kosi River system, M. pongolensis. Locality 5, Pongola River, M. pongolensis. Locality 6, Type locality for M. pongolensis. Locality 7, Mhlatuze River, M. caudisquamatus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.