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Figure 9 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 9. Histological sections of limb buds of Podocnemis unifilis at stage 16. A, scale bar: 0.5 mm. The rectangle indicates the area of the carpal section on the right. B, dorsoventral section showing cartilaginous foci of distal carpalia, metacarpalia, and the centrale 4. C, scale bar: 0.5 mm. The rectangles point the areas of the tarsal sections in (D–F). D, the relationships between distal tarsalia 5 and 4 seem to be similar to those of other distal tarsalia. E, the large cartilaginous mass of the intermedium can be seen. F, there are no relationships between the end of the tibia and the cartilaginous condensations of the tarsus. Abbreviations: I–V, digits I–V; c4, centrale 4; d1–d5, distal carpalia/tarsalia 1–5; Fi, fibula; i, intermedium; T, tibia. Scale bars: 0.2 mm in (D–F).
Figure 8 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 8. Hindlimb development in Phrynops hilarii. Dorsal views of left limbs. A, stage 17; B, stage 18; C, stage 19; D, stage 20; E, stage 23. The centrale 4 is completely integrated with the intermedium mass forming the proximal tarsale. Distal elements of toe V were lost in this specimen. Abbreviations: 1–5, tarsalia 1–5; I–V, digits I–V; c4, centrale 4; f, fibulare; Fi, fibula; i, intermedium; Ti, tibia. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 3 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 3. Early forelimb development in Podocnemis unifilis (A–F) and Podocnemis sextuberculata (G–J). Dorsal views of left limbs. A, stage 14; B, stage 15; C, stage 16; D, stage 17; E, stage 18; F, stage 19; G, stage 12; H, stage 15; I, stage 16; J, stage 19. Abbreviations: 1–5, carpalia 1–5; I–V, digits I–V; c2, centrale 2; c3, centrale 3; c4, centrale 4; cc, centralia; H, humerus; i, intermedium; p, pisiform; R, radius; U, ulna; u, ulnare. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 6. A–E in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 6. A–E, the sequence of reduction of the distal phalanx in toe V observed in Podocnemis unifilis (stages 20, 22, 23, 24, and juvenile). Three cartilaginous phalanges are segmented during digit development, but the distal one is lost before ossification. F, in Podocnemis sextuberculata, the third phalanx ossifies before hatching (stage 24). Abbreviations: 5, distal tarsale 5; mt V, metatarsale V; ph1–3, phalanges 1–3. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 5 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 5. Sequence of ossification in Podocnemis unifilis, dorsal view of left limbs. A–H, forelimbs. A1–H1, hindlimbs. A and A1, stage 18; B and B1, stage 19; C and C1, stage 20; D and D1, stage 21; E and E1, stage 22; F and F1, stage 23; G and G1, stage 24; H and H1, post-hatched specimen. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 10 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 10. Morphological and structural features of the hook in extant reptiles. A, Liolaemus multicolor, juvenile specimen. The hook has cartilaginous distal and proximal epiphyses, and a short ossified diaphysis. This ossification is perichondral. The proximal epiphysis forms a small concave surface to articulate with distal tarsale 4. The distal epiphysis is rounded. B, Caiman latirostris, juvenile specimen. The hook is a semispherical ossified element with a short and stout distal process. It is related to distal tarsale 4 and metatarsale IV, but lacks distinct articular surfaces. Toe V in crocodiles is reduced to this element only. C, Podocnemis unifilis, juvenile specimen. The hook is a subspherical element with a nucleus of endochondral ossification. It has a wide concave articular surface with the distal tarsale 4, and a distal and convex articular process with metatarsale V. The dorsal and outer surface of distal tarsale 5 bears fibers of two muscles of the crus: peroneus anterior and gastrocnemius (black mark). One of the ligaments of the gastrocnemius muscle is fused to the plantar aponeurosis, and attaches to the outer process of metatarsale V (black mark). The muscles flexor digiti brevis and interosseum insert along the anterior border of metatarsale V, and the posterior border of metatarsale IV (white marks). D, Liolaemus multicolor, adult specimen. The hook bears a fully ossified epiphyses and diaphysis. Secondary centres of ossification are visible in the proximal epiphyses and in the lateroposterior medial crest. The peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius muscles, as well as the superficial femoral aponeurosis, are attached to the lateral plantar process of the fifth hooked metatarsale. There are also fibers of the deep femoral aponeurosis (formed by tendons of the peroneus and gastrocnemius muscles) attached to the outer lateral plantar tubercle (black mark). Insertions of the interosseum (or intermetatarsale) muscle occur on the hook (white marks). Abbreviations: 3, 4, tarsalia 3 and 4; d, diaphysis; e, epiphysis; f, fibulare; olt, outer lateral plantar tubercle; op, outer process; soc; secondary ossification centre.
Figure 4 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 4. Early hindlimb development in Podocnemis unifilis (A–F) and Podocnemis sextuberculata (G–I). Dorsal views of left limbs. A, stage 14; B, stage 15; C, stage 16; D, stage 17; E, stage 18; F, stage 19; G, stage 12; H, stage 15; I, stage 19. Abbreviations: 1–5, tarsalia 1–5; I–V, digits I–V; c, centrale; f, fibulare; F, femur; Fi, fibula; i, intermedium; Ti, tibia. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 7 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 7. Forelimb development in Phrynops hilarii. Dorsal views of left limbs. A, stage 17; B, stage 18; C, stage 19; D, stage 20; E, stage 23. Abbreviations: 1–5, carpalia 1–5; I–V, digits I–V; c1, centrale 1; c2, centrale 2; c3, centrale 3; c4, centrale 4; i, intermedium; p, pisiform; Ra, radius; u, ulnare. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 2 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 2. Fully ossified autopodia of adults of Podocnemis sextuberculata MZUSP 3218 (A and B), and Podocnemis unifilis MZUSP 3209 (C and D). A, dorsal view of right hand. B, dorsal view of right foot. C, dorsal view of right hand. D, dorsal view of rigth foot. Abbreviations: I–V, digits I–V; as, astragalus; c2, lateral centrale or centrale 2; cc, centralia; d1–d5, distal carpalia/tarsalia 1–5; fi, fibulare; Fi, fibula; i, intermedium; p, pisiform; Ra, radius; Ti, tibia; tp, proximal tarsale; Ul, ulna; u, ulnare. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Figure 1 in Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus
Figure 1. Autopodia of adult Phrynops hilarii. Grey areas indicate cartilages. A, dorsal view of right hand. B, dorsal view of right foot. Abbreviations: I–V, digits I–V; c2, lateral centrale or centrale 2; cc, centralia; d1–d5, distal carpalia/tarsalia 1–5; Fi, fibula; i, intermedium; p, pisiform; Ra, radius; Ti, tibia; tp, proximal tarsale; Ul, ulna; u, ulnare. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Figure 7 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 7. Plots of centroid size and canonical variates scores for each element. A, humerus. B, ulna. C, femur. D, tibia.
Figure 6 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 6. Tibia element deformations from the consensus configuration produced by the CVA analysis for locomotor mode; each deformation represents the shape corresponding to the mean CVA score for a particular locomotor group.
Figure 3 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 3. Humeral element deformations from the consensus configuration produced by the CVA analysis for locomotor mode; each deformation represents the shape corresponding to the mean CVA score for a particular locomotor group.
Figure 2 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 2. Canonical variates axes for CVA analyses on locomotor mode of extant and fossil mustelids. Symbol types represent locomotor modes and different colour symbols represent genera within locomotor modes. A, humerus. B, ulna. C, femur. D, tibia.
Figure 1 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 1. Landmark placement on four postcranial elements (Martes pennanti as representative species). A, humeral distal extremity. B, ulnar proximal extremity. C, femoral proximal extremity. D, complete tibia, cranial aspect.
Citation Location, Elements and Purpose of ICPSR Research Data Citations
<p>The dataset contains an analysis of a randomly chosen sample of 1,073 publications that cite ICPSR research datasets. The collected research data (re)use indications were analyzed according to their location in the full-text, their metadata elements, and their citation purpose.</p> <p>The data was collected and analyzed in 2020 for a PhD thesis on research data and software (re)use indications in scholarly works.</p>
Geochemistry and petrography of martian meteorite Northwest Africa 11115: A rare earth element-enriched olivine-phyric shergottite closely linked to Northwest Africa 1068
<p>This is the Electronic Appendix of the manuscript "<strong>Geochemistry and petrography of martian meteorite Northwest Africa 11115: A rare earth element-enriched olivine-phyric shergottite closely linked to Northwest Africa 1068</strong>", by M. Melwani Daswani, N. Greber, J. Hu, R. C. Greenwood, and P. R. Heck, submitted to <em>Meteoritics & Planetary Science</em>.</p> <p>Corresponding author: M. Melwani Daswani (daswani@jpl.caltech.edu)</p> <p>The compressed folder contains two files:</p> <p>1) <strong>NWA11115_CT_scan_TIFF_substack.tif</strong></p> <p>This is a TIFF image stack of the CT scan of the full NWA 11115 sample. Open in a program such as ImageJ (Rasband, W.S., ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a>, 1997-2018).</p> <p>2) <strong>NWA11115_CT_scan_60FPS_JPEG.avi</strong></p> <p>This is a video file of the CT scan of the same NWA 11115 sample. The TIFF stack was converted to a video file (.avi), compressed to JPEG quality, and at a rate of 60 frames per second. Open this file with software such as VLC (<a href="https://www.videolan.org/vlc/">https://www.videolan.org/vlc/</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>The authors acknowledge T. Boudreaux for donating NWA 11115 to the Field Museum, J. Greer and J. Holstein for help with sample preparation, L. Kööp and B. Strack for SEM support, S. Rastegar for preliminary SEM analysis, L. Dussubieux for LA-ICP-MS support, A. I. Neander and Z.-X. Luo for CT scanning and support, and J. Filiberto and A. Treiman for useful discussions. We thank Thomas Pettke for assistance with LA-ICP-MS analyzes of the pressed powder pellets at the University of Bern. GPS Division analytical facilities at Caltech and Chi Ma are thanked for the support on EMPA analysis. PRH acknowledges support from the Tawani Foundation. MMD’s portion of the work was done partly as a private venture and not in the author’s capacity as an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The authors declare no competing interests.</p> <p>EOF</p>
Datasets from An Atlas of Plant Transposable Elements
<p>In this repository, we deposited support data for the article "An Atlas of Plant Transposable Elements", available at <a href="http://apte.cp.utfpr.edu.br/">http://apte.cp.utfpr.edu.br/</a>.</p> <p>Here, we included:</p> <p><strong>1.) Supplementary material data:</strong><br> A) SuppMat_1.xlsx: The genome assembly reference access from Ensembl Plants species used.<br> B) SuppMat_2.docx: A brief transposable elements annotation steps used in this work.</p> <p><strong>2.) Code and software: </strong>all script code create, third part software, how we used it, are detailed using Arabidopsis thaliana genome as an example in the GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/daniellonghi/te_pipeline">https://github.com/daniellonghi/te_pipeline</a> under the MIT license (please see details in licence.txt file). For third part-software, consult their terms.</p> <p>To report bugs, to ask for help, and to give any feedback, please contact Alexandre R. Paschoal (paschoal@utfpr.edu.br) or Douglas S. Domingues (douglas.domingues@unesp.br).</p>
Surfactant Transport on Evolving Surfaces - Solutions of Space-Time Trace Finite Element Methods visualized.
<p>Videos of numerical experiments in the article "An accurate and robust Eulerian finite element method for partial differential equations on evolving surfaces" by H. Sass and A. Reusken. Surfactant transport on evolving surfaces with high curvatures and topological singularities is illustrated.</p>
Mammalian Evolution of Human cis-regulatory Elements and Transcription Factor Binding Sites
<p>Code and data associated with the manuscript entitled "Mammalian Evolution of Human cis-regulatory Elements and Transcription Factor Binding Sites "</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.