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Fig. 1 in A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany

Fig. 1 PCA biplot for absolute morphometric descriptor values (scaling 1). Clustering results are overlaid and represented by grey lines. Colour/shapes represent a priori grouping to species level

Fig. 2 in A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany

Fig. 2 PCA biplot for ratios of morphometric descriptor values (scaling 1). Clustering results are overlaid and represented by grey lines. Colour/shapes represent a priori grouping to species level

Fig. 9 Cenoceras rumelangense n in A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany

Fig. 9 Cenoceras rumelangense n.sp., paratype (specimen SMNS 62245), Ostreenkalk Formation, Humphriesianum Zone, Gruibingen, Southwest Germany

Fig. 6 Cenoceras rumelangense n in A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany

Fig. 6 Cenoceras rumelangense n.sp., paratype (specimen MNHNL BM383),'Marnes sableuses d'Audun-le-Tiche', Humphriesianum Zone, Rumelange, Luxembourg

Fig. 7 Cenoceras rumelangense n in A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany

Fig. 7 Cenoceras rumelangense n.sp., paratype, inner whorl of a bigger specimen (specimen MNHNL BM783),'Marnes sableuses d'Audun-le-Tiche', Humphriesianum Zone, Berenskaul, Rumelange, Luxembourg

Fig. 4 in A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany

Fig. 4 'Nautilus intermedius Sowerby', from the d'Orbigny collection (specimen MNHN-F-A02204); Toarcian of Avallon (photo: courtesy of Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris)

Fig. 9 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 9. Acanthoceratid ammonoid Spathites (Jeanrogericeras) reveliereanus (Courtiller, 1860) MMG: SaK 16896 from the lower Turonian of the Briessnitz Formation, Leubnitz, Germany. A. Outer whorl in ventral (A1), lateral (A2), and apertural (A3) views; the fracture at which the outer whorl separates from the inner whorl (arrow) and an umbilical tubercle (UT) are marked. B. Inner whorl in lateral (B1, B3) and apertural (B2) views; the umbilical tubercle (UT) and the position of the fracture shown in A2 are marked by arrow.

Fig. 6 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 6. Statistical test of potential dimorphism in Mammites nodosoides (Schlüter, 1871) based on 119 specimens. The repository number of each specimen is given on top of the diagram. A. Classical clustering; the red color characterises particularly small individuals with D = 33–65 mm in between the large group of potential microconchs. B. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA); the color code follows the assignment of the classical clustering above. The dark blue lines are biplots of all variables, an overlaying of a score plot and a loadings plot in a single graph, which enables to visualise high-dimensional data by using a two-dimensional graph.

Fig. 2 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 2. Ammonite morphological terms and key parameters. Modified after Wilmsen and Nagm (2014). Abbreviations: D, maximum diameter; d, larger radius of the shell; e, smaller radius of the shell; UD, diameter of the umbilicus; Wb, whorl breadth of the final whorl; Wh, height of the final whorl; for the suture line: A, adventive lobe; E, external lobe; U, umbilical lobe.

Fig. 1 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 1. Geological framework and stratigraphy of the lower Elbtal Group. A. Distribution of the Elbtal Group (green) in the area between Meissen and the German/Czech Republic border. B. Palaeogeographic setting of the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin (SCB). C. Chrono-, bio- and lithostratigraphy of the lower Elbtal Group in the area between Meissen and Dresden; the stratigraphic position of the ammonite faunas from the Briessnitz Formation is indicated. Supplemented and modified after Wilmsen et al. (2019, 2022) and Niebuhr et al. (2020). Abbreviations: A., Acanthoceras; Cunningt., Cunningtoniceras; M., Metoicoceras; mid., middle; Neocard., Neocardioceras.

Fig. 5 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 5. Photographic illustration of typical large (A) and small (B) specimens of the acanthoceratid ammonoid Mammites nodosoides (Schlüter, 1871) from the lower Turonian of the Briessnitz Formation, Leubnitz, Germany. A. MMG: SaK 5200 in lateral (A1) and apertural (A2) views. B. MMG: SaK 5203 in lateral (B1, B3) and apertural (B2) views.

Fig. 7 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 7. Photographic illustration of typical large (A) and small (B) specimens of the acanthoceratid ammonoid Spathites (Jeanrogericeras) reveliereanus (Courtiller, 1860) from the lower Turonian of the Briessnitz Formation, Leubnitz, Germany. A. MMG: SaK 5230 in lateral (A1) and apertural (A2) views. B. MMG: SaK 5256 in lateral (B1, B3) and ventral (B2) views.

Fig. 4 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 4. Statistical test of potential dimorphism in Lewesiceras peramplum (Mantell, 1822) based on 63 specimens. The repository number of each specimen is given on top of the diagram. A. Classical clustering; the red color characterises particularly small individuals with D <77 mm in between the group of potential microconchs. B. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA); the color code follows the assignment of the classical clustering above. The dark blue lines are biplots of all variables, an overlaying of a score plot and a loadings plot in a single graph, which enables to visualise high-dimensional data by using a two-dimensional graph.

Fig. 10 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 10. Representative antidimorphs: [m] = microconch, [M] = macroconch of the acanthoceratid ammonoid Spathites (Jeanrogericeras) reveliereanus Courtiller, 1860); based on (A) MMG: SaK 5256 in lateral (A1) and apertural (A2) views and (B) MMG: SaK 5230 in lateral (B1) and apertural (B2) views. Key features of both antidimorphs are listed (see text for further explanation).

Fig. 3 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 3. Photographic illustration of typical large (A) and small (B) specimens of the pachydiscid ammonoid Lewesiceras peramplum (Mantell, 1822) from the lower Turonian of the Briessnitz Formation, Dresden, Germany. A. MMG: SaK 5163 from Leubnitz, in lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. MMG: SaK 5343 from Leutewitz, in lateral (B1, B4), apertural (B2), and ventral (B3) views.

Fig. 8 in Dimorphism in Late Cretaceous ammonites- evidence from early Turonian ammonite faunas of the Briessnitz Formation in Saxony, Germany

Fig. 8. Statistical test of potential dimorphism in Spathites (Jeanrogericeras) reveliereanus (Courtiller, 1860) based on 38 specimens. The repository number of each specimen is given on top of the diagram. A. Classical clustering; inferred macro- and microconchs are marked by blue and red colors, respectively. B. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA); the color code follows the assignment of the classical clustering above. The dark blue lines are biplots of all variables, an overlaying of a score plot and a loadings plot in a single graph, which enables to visualise high-dimensional data by using a two-dimensional graph.

Fig. 13 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 13. Cladogram with interrelationships of the new dryolestids from the Barremian–Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of Balve. The nodes uniting taxa do not imply divergence times. Colors indicate distribution in the respective continents: red, Europe; blue, North America; yellow, Asia.

Fig. 12 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 12. Dryolestid mammal Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs, 1969, MfN Uña 2 (paratype) from Uña locality, province of Cuenca, Spain, Barremian (Lower Cretaceous). Right mandible in occlusal (A1), lateral (A2), and medial (A3) views. Reconstruction of broken parts of coronid process, ventral border of mandibular body (preserved as mold in the embedding rock) and connection of articular condyle marked by stippled lines.

Fig. 10 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 10. Dryolestid mammal Beckumia sinemeckelia gen. et sp. nov., WMNM P82310 from Busche Quarry near Balve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Barremian–Aptian (Lower Cretaceous). Left lower p4 in occlusal (stereopair, A1), ventral (A2), labial (A3), mesial (A4), lingual (A5), and distal (A6) views.

Fig. 11 in First spalacotheriid and dryolestid mammals from the Cretaceous of Germany

Fig. 11. Dryolestid mammal Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs, 1969, MfN Uña 1 (holotype) from Uña locality, province of Cuenca, Spain, Barremian (Lower Cretaceous). Left mandible in occlusal (A1), linguoposterior (A2), lateral (A3, A4), and medial (A5, A6) views. Inset in A3 showing enlarged m3–m5 in labial view, inset in A5 m3–m4 in ligunal view, A6 with new interpretation of premolar and molar positions.