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402 results for “hybrid zone”
Data from: Describing a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in eastern North Carolina, USA
When hybridizing species come into contact, understanding the processes that regulate their interactions can help predict the future outcome of the system. This is especially relevant in conservation situations where human activities can influence hybridization dynamics. We investigated a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in North Carolina, USA to elucidate patterns of hybridization in a system heavily managed for preservation of the red wolf genome. Using noninvasive genetic sampling of scat, we surveyed a 2880 km2 region adjacent to the Red Wolf Experimental Population Area (RWEPA). We combined microsatellite genotypes collected from this survey with those from companion studies conducted both within and outside the RWEPA to describe the gradient of red wolf ancestry. A total of 311 individuals were genotyped at 17 loci and red wolf ancestry decreased along an east–west gradient across the RWEPA. No red wolves were found outside the RWEPA, yet half of individuals found within this area were coyotes. Hybrids composed only 4% of individuals within this landscape despite co-occurrence of the two species throughout the RWEPA. The low proportion of hybrids suggests that a combination of active management and natural isolating mechanisms may be limiting intermixing within this hybrid system.
Data from: Competition-driven build-up of habitat isolation and selection favouring dispersal modification in a young avian hybrid zone
Competition-driven evolution of habitat isolation is an important mechanism of ecological speciation but empirical support for this process is often indirect. We examined how an on-going displacement of pied flycatchers from their preferred breeding habitat by collared flycatchers in a young secondary contact zone is associated with (a) access to an important food resource (caterpillar larvae), (b) immigration of pied flycatchers in relation to habitat quality, and (c) the risk of hybridization in relation to habitat quality. Over the past 12 years, the estimated access to caterpillar larvae biomass in the habitat surrounding the nests of pied flycatchers has decreased by a fifth due to shifted establishment possibilities, especially for immigrants. However, breeding in the high quality habitat has become associated with such a high risk of hybridization for pied flycatchers that overall selection currently favors pied flycatchers that were forced to immigrate into the poorer habitats (despite lower access to preferred food items). Our results show that competition-driven habitat segregation can lead to fast habitat isolation, which per se caused an opportunity for selection to act in favor of future "voluntarily" altered immigration patterns and possibly strengthened habitat isolation through reinforcement.
Data from: Reduced male fertility is common but highly variable in form and severity in a natural house mouse hybrid zone
Barriers to gene flow between naturally hybridizing taxa reveal the initial stages of speciation. Reduced hybrid fertility is a common feature of reproductive barriers separating recently diverged species. In house mice (Mus musculus), hybrid male sterility has been studied extensively using experimental crosses between subspecies. Here, we present the first detailed picture of hybrid male fertility in the European M. m. domesticus – M. m. musculus hybrid zone. Complete sterility appears rare or absent in natural hybrids but a large proportion of males (~30%) have sperm count or relative testis weight below the range in pure subspecies, and likely suffer reduced fertility. Comparison of a suite of traits related to fertility among subfertile males indicates reduced hybrid fertility in the contact zone is highly variable among individuals and ancestry groups in the type, number and severity of spermatogenesis defects present. Taken together, these results suggest multiple underlying genetic incompatibilities are segregating in the hybrid zone, which likely contribute to reproductive isolation between subspecies.
Sperm length divergence as a potential pre-zygotic barrier in a passerine hybrid zone
<p>The saltmarsh sparrow Ammospiza caudacuta and the Nelson's sparrow A. nelsoni differ in ecological niche, mating behavior, and plumage, but they hybridize where their breeding distributions overlap. In this advanced hybrid zone, past inter-breeding and current back-crossing result in substantial genomic introgression in both directions, although few hybrids are currently produced in most locations. However, because both species are non-territorial and have only brief male-female interactions, it is difficult to determine to what extent assortative mating explains the low frequency of hybrid offspring. Since females often copulate with multiple males, a role of sperm as a post-copulatory pre-zygotic barrier appears plausible. Here we show that sperm length differs between the two species in the hybrid zone, with low among-male variation consistent with strong post-copulatory sexual selection on sperm cells. We hypothesize that divergence in sperm length may constitute a reproductive barrier between species, as sperm length co-evolves with the size of specialized female sperm storage tubules. Sperm does not appear to act as a post-zygotic barrier, as sperm from hybrids was unexceptional.</p>
Data from: Positive feedback between ecological and reproductive character displacement in a young avian hybrid zone
Character displacement can reduce costly interspecific interactions between young species. We investigated the mechanisms behind divergence in three key traits - breeding habitat choice, timing of breeding and plumage coloration - in Ficedula flycatchers. We found that male pied flycatchers became expelled from the preferred deciduous habitat into mixed forest as the superior competitor, collared flycatchers, increased in numbers. The peak in food abundance differs between habitats, and the spatial segregation was paralleled by an increased divergence in timing of breeding between the two species. Male pied flycatchers vary from brown to black with brown coloration being more frequent in sympatry with collared flycatchers, a pattern often proposed to result from selection against hybridization, i.e. reinforcement. In contrast to this view, we show that brown male pied flycatchers more often hybridize than black males. Male pied flycatcher plumage coloration influenced the territory obtained in areas of co-occurrence with collared flycatchers, and brown male pied flycatchers experienced higher relative fitness than black males when faced with heterospecific competition. We suggest that allopatric divergence in resource defense ability causes a feedback loop at secondary contact where male pied flycatchers with the most divergent strategy compared to collared flycatchers are favored by selection.
Data from: Cultural isolation is greater than genetic isolation across an avian hybrid zone
Elucidating the relationship between genetic and cultural evolution is important in understanding speciation, as learned premating barriers might be involved in maintaining species differences. Here we test this relationship by examining a widely recognized premating barrier, bird song, in a hybrid zone between black-throated green (Setophaga virens) and Townsend's warblers (S. townsendi). We use song analysis, genomic techniques and playback experiments to characterize the cultural and genetic backgrounds of individuals in this region, expecting that if song is an important reproductive barrier between these species, there should be a strong relationship between song and genotype. We show that songs in the hybrid zone correspond to the distinctly different songs found in allopatry but that song and genotype are not tightly coupled in sympatry. Allopatric individuals responded only to local songs, indicating that individuals may have learned to respond to songs they commonly hear. We observed discordance between song and genotype clines; a narrower cline suggests that cultural selection on song is stronger than natural selection on genotype. These findings indicate that song is unlikely to play a role in reproductive isolation between these species, and we suggest that spatial variation in song may nonetheless be maintained by frequency-dependent cultural selection. This decoupling of genes and culture may contribute to hybridization in this region.
A genomic footprint of a moving hybrid zone in marbled newts
<p><span>We developed a panel of 44 nuclear genetic markers and applied this to two species of marbled newts in the north (Triturus marmoratus) and the south (T. pygmaeus) of the Iberian Peninsula, to document pattern and process of interspecific gene flow. The northernmost occurrence of T. pygmaeus genetic material was in a T. marmoratus population north of the Vouga river estuary. This suggested the past presence of a hybrid zone, possibly coinciding with a natural river outlet at ca. 1200 A.D. Since 1808, the species contact has moved back south to a by then completed, man-made Vouga channel. We also found a T. marmoratus genomic footprint in T. pygmaeus from the Serra de Sintra, near Lisbon. In combination with a previously reported southern, relic occurrence of T. marmoratus in between both areas, the data point to the superseding with hybridization of T. marmoratus by T. pygmaeus. We estimate that the species hybrid zone has moved over a distance of ca. 215 km.</span></p>
Fig. 17. Habitats N in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 17. Habitats N of Steins, near the central transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 5; appendix 1), 23 August 1990. Top. Looking N (from low hill behind allelemobile in fig. 16, top) across the grassland that separates site 16 (marmoratus) and site 12 (largely punctilinealis; figs. 3, 49). Bottom. Looking NE at grassland and alkali flats, from same place as the top photograph.
Fig. 2. Site 49 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 2. Site 49 (appendix 2). Huerfano Butte (E side), Pima County, Arizona, about 43 km SSE Tucson, showing dramatic change in vegetation (desertification) in less than 70 years (based on Lowe et al., 1970a; their fig. 2). Top. About 1902, courtesy of Walter S. Phillips, University of Arizona Bottom. 16 March 1969.
A holocenic and dynamic hybrid zone between two cactophilic Drosophila species in a coastal lowland plain of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
<p>Hybridization and introgression are processes that contribute to shaping biological diversity. The factors promoting the formation of these processes are multiples but poorly explored in a biogeographical and ecological context. In the southeast coastal plain of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a hybrid zone was described between two closely related cactophilic species, <i>Drosophila antonietae</i> and <i>D. serido. </i>Here, we revisited and analyzed specimens from this hybrid zone to evaluate its temporal and spatial dynamic. We examined allopatric and sympatric populations of the flies using independent sources of data such as mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, microsatellite loci, morphometrics of wings and male genitalia, and climatic niche models. We also verified the emergence of the flies from necrotic tissues of collected cacti to verify the role of host association for the population dynamics. Our results support the existence of a hybrid zone due to secondary contact and limited to the localities where the two species are currently in contact. Furthermore, we detected asymmetric bidirectional introgression and the maintenance of the species integrity, ecological association, and morphological characters, suggesting selection and limited introgression. Considering our paleomodels, probably this hybrid zone is recent and the contact occurred during the Holocene to the present-day, favored by range expansion of their populations due to expansion of open and dry areas in eastern South America during palaeoclimatic and geomorphological events.</p>
Data from: Physiological adaptation along environmental gradients and replicated hybrid zone structure in swordtails (Teleostei: Xiphophorus)
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From refugia to contact: pine processionary moth hybrid zone in a complex biogeographic setting
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Data from: Adaptive admixture in the West African bovine hybrid zone: insight from the Borgou population
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A holocenic and dynamic hybrid zone between two cactophilic Drosophila species in a coastal lowland plain of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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Data from: Experimental contact zones reveal causes and targets of sexual selection in hybridizing lizards
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Data from: A maladaptive combination of traits contributes to the maintenance of a Drosophila hybrid zone
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Data from: Hybridization and introgression in two ecologically dissimilar Fundulus hybrid zones
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Data from: Competition-driven build-up of habitat isolation and selection favouring dispersal modification in a young avian hybrid zone
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Data from: Reinforcement selection acting on the European house mouse hybrid zone
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Sperm length divergence as a potential pre-zygotic barrier in a passerine hybrid zone
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.