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FIGURE 6. Scottoecia darcythompsoni. Limbs that are not sexually dimorphic. A in Scottoecia-a new genus of halocyprid ostracod, with the description of Scottoecia arabica nov. sp. and the redescription of Bathyconchoecia darcythompsoni (Scott, 1909)
FIGURE 6. Scottoecia darcythompsoni. Limbs that are not sexually dimorphic. A. Last two segments of the endopodite of the mandible (Female); B. Toothed edge of the coxale of the mandible; C. Tooth lists and masticatory pad of the mandible; D. Maxilla. Scales in mm. Note scales of B and C are the same.
Figure 1 in Hind limb myology of the common hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae)
Figure 1. Common hippo hind limb in lateral view. Asterisk (*) indicates the location of the patella deep to the fibres of the tensor fasciae latae.
Figure 8 in Hind limb myology of the common hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae)
Figure 8. Lateral view of hind foot skeleton in the ox, common hippo and pig. The hippo has four weight-bearing digits, whereas pigs and ruminants have reduced lateral digits.
Figure 4 in Hind limb myology of the common hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae)
Figure 4. Muscle maps for the common hippo tibia and fibula: A, cranial; B, lateral; C, caudal; D, medial.
Figure 2 in Hind limb myology of the common hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae)
Figure 2. Common hippo hind limb in medial view with the fascia lata removed: dark grey indicates muscles dissected in specimen no. 25308, and light grey indicates muscle origins described by Gratiolet (1867) and Windle & Parsons (1903). As a result of necropsy damage, origins were not preserved in specimen no. 25308, but this information was available in the existing literature. Asterisk (*) indicates the location of the patella deep to the fibres of the tensor fasciae latae.
Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees from: Co-option of the limb patterning program in cephalopod eye development
<p>Background</p> <p><span>Across the Metazoa, similar genetic programs are found in the development of analogous, independently evolved, morphological features. The functional significance of this reuse and the underlying mechanisms of co-option remain unclear. Cephalopods have evolved a highly acute visual system with a cup shaped retina and a novel refractive lens in the anterior, important for a number of sophisticated behaviors including predation, mating and camouflage. Almost nothing is known about the molecular-genetics of lens development in the cephalopod.</span></p> <p><span>Results</span></p> <p><span>Here we identify the co-option of the canonical bilaterian limb pattering program during cephalopod lens development, a functionally unrelated structure. We show radial expression of transcription factors <i>SP6-9/sp1, Dlx/dll, </i><i>Pbx/exd, Meis/hth, </i>and a <i>Prdl</i> homolog in the squid <i>Doryteuthis pealeii</i>, similar to expression required in <i>Drosophila</i> limb development.<i> </i>We assess the role of Wnt signaling in the cephalopod lens, a positive regulator in the developing <i>Drosophila </i>limb, and find the regulatory relationship reversed, with ectopic Wnt signaling leading to lens loss. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusion</span></p> <p><span>This regulatory divergence suggests that duplication of SP6-9 in cephalopods may mediate the co-option of the limb patterning program. Thus our study suggests that the limb network could perform a more universal developmental function in radial pattering and highlights how canonical genetic programs are repurposed in novel structures.</span></p>
Figure 4 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 4. Right tibia and fibula of Stenoscelida aurantiacus gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0293) in A, medial, B, anterior, C, proximal, D, *distal, E, posterior and F, lateral views. *Only fibula is visible in distal view. Abbreviations: cc, cnemial crest; fi, fibula; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; lc, lateral condyle; lg, lateral groove; pc, posterior condyle; t, tibia.
Figure 3 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 3. Right femur of Stenoscelida aurantiacus gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0293) in A, anterior, B, lateral, C, proximal, D, distal, E, medial and F, posterior views. Abbreviations: 4t, fourth trochanter; als, anterolateral scar; at, anterior trochanter; ctf, crita tibiofibularis; ef, externsor fossa; fh, femoral head; gt, greater trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; pf, popliteal fossa; pg, proximal groove; pt, posterior tuber.
Figure 1 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 1. Provenance of Stenoscelida aurantiacus gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0293). A, location and geological context of the Varzea do Agudo site (Agudo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; modified from Muller et al. 2020a); B, general view of the site; C, reconstruction of the skeleton of Stenoscelida aurantiacus gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0293) depicting the preserved elements.
Figure 5 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 5. Right pes of Stenoscelida aurantiacus gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0293) in A, medial, B, lateral and C, dorsal views. Abbreviations: a, astragalus; c, calcaneum; mt, metatarsal; ph, phalanx; t, tibia.
Figure 2 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 2. Holotype of Stenoscelida aurantiacus gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0293). Right hind limb in A, medial and B, lateral views. Abbreviations: 4t, fourth trochanter; a, astragalus; als, anterolateral scar; at, anterior trochanter; c, calcaneum; cc, cnemial crest; f, femur; fh, femoral head; fi, fibula; ift, iliofibularis tubercle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; pf, popliteal fossa; ph, phalanx; t, tibia.
Figure 7 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 7. Plot of log10-transformed skull length versus log10-transformed femoral length of proterochampsids depicting (red dots) the estimated values for Cerritosaurus binsfeldi and Stenoscelida aurantiacus. Red dotted lines represent the 95% confidence intervals. Skulls modified from Ezcurra et al. (2021). Reconstructed head of Stenoscelida aurantiacus by Caio Fantini.
Figure 6 in A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits
Figure 6. Results of the phylogenetic analysis depicting the position of Stenoscelida aurantiacus. A, time-calibrated reduced strict consensus tree (number on nodes represent Bremer support values higher than 1); B, strict consensus tree depicting the occurrence and distribution of the anterior trochanter (at) and the anterolateral scar (als) in the proximal portion of the femora of some panarchosaurs. Femora of Tanystropheus sp. (Tanystropheidae; PIMUZ A/III 771; Spiekman & Scheyer 2019), Malerisaurus-like (Allokotosauria; TMM 31025-265; Nesbitt et al. 2022), Hyperodapedon sp. (Rhynchosauria; CAPPA/UFSM 0206), Prolacerta broomi (Prolacertidae; UWBM 95529; Spiekman 2018), Garjainia prima (Erythrosuchidae; PIN 951/61-1; Maidment et al. 2020), Stenoscelida aurantiacus (Proterochampsidae; CAPPA/UFSM 0293); Mystriosuchus steinbergeri (Phytosauria; NHMW 1986/0024/ 0012; Butler et al. 2019), Dynamosuchus collisensis (Ornithosuchidae; CAPPA/UFSM 0248); Archeopelta arborensis (Erpetosuchidae; CPEZ-239a; Desojo et al. 2011), Aetosauroides scagliai (Aetosauria; ULBRA-PVT-003; Roberto-da-Silva et al. 2014), Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Loricata; ULBRA-PVT-281; Roberto-da-Silva et al. 2020); Teleocrater rhadinus (Aphanosauria; NHMUK PV R6795; Nesbitt et al. 2017), Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetiae; GR 1308; Griffin et al. 2019); Raeticodactylus filisurensis (Pterosauria; BNM 14524; Ezcurra et al. 2020a); Asilisaurus kongwe (Silesauridae; cast of NMT RB159), Buriolestes schultzi (Dinosauria; CAPPA/UFSM 0035).
DNA-guided transcription factor cooperativity shapes face and limb mesenchyme
<p>Code and processed data for "DNA-guided transcription factor cooperativity shapes face and limb mesenchyme," Kim et al, Cell 2024.</p>
Highly variable (no clear pattern). All portions of the dorsal views were equally used. In head images the area around the eye, the top of the head, the snout and the throat were all used in similar proportions. P. carbonelli Variable for both views. Snout and middle of the dorsum used in dorsal view. Top of the head most frequently (but not strictly) used in lateral view. P. guadarramae Whole body used for dorsal view (but variable); either throat (most common) or ear region used in head lateral views. P. hispanicus Variable. Anterior portion of snout used more frequently than in other species for both dorsal and head lateral views. P. liolepis Highly variable. Whole body used in most dorsal images, area around the eye and throat used in head lateral views, but other patterns common. P. lusitanicus Highly variable. All parts of the dorsum used (but frequently the most posterior part); area around the ear frequently used in head lateral images. P. tunesiacus Highly variable. Dorsal area near the insertion of the posterior limbs used more frequently than in other species; different regions of the head used, often simultaneously. P. Ʋaucheri Highly variable. Different regions of dorsum (from head to the posterior region) used in dorsal images, all portions of the head, but most frequently the throat, used in lateral images. P. Ʋirescens Highly variable. All parts of both images used. Head and anterior part of the dorsum more used than in other species. in Identification of morphologically cryptic species with computer vision models: wall lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae: Podarcis) as a case study
Highly variable (no clear pattern). All portions of the dorsal views were equally used. In head images the area around the eye, the top of the head, the snout and the throat were all used in similar proportions. P. carbonelli Variable for both views. Snout and middle of the dorsum used in dorsal view. Top of the head most frequently (but not strictly) used in lateral view. P. guadarramae Whole body used for dorsal view (but variable); either throat (most common) or ear region used in head lateral views. P. hispanicus Variable. Anterior portion of snout used more frequently than in other species for both dorsal and head lateral views. P. liolepis Highly variable. Whole body used in most dorsal images, area around the eye and throat used in head lateral views, but other patterns common. P. lusitanicus Highly variable. All parts of the dorsum used (but frequently the most posterior part); area around the ear frequently used in head lateral images. P. tunesiacus Highly variable. Dorsal area near the insertion of the posterior limbs used more frequently than in other species; different regions of the head used, often simultaneously. P. Ʋaucheri Highly variable. Different regions of dorsum (from head to the posterior region) used in dorsal images, all portions of the head, but most frequently the throat, used in lateral images. P. Ʋirescens Highly variable. All parts of both images used. Head and anterior part of the dorsum more used than in other species.
Miocene seal limb bone
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Evaluation of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Adjunct to Modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in Improving Upper Limb Function in Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy Ag
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03792789. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Atropine Versus Glycopyrrolate in Preventing Spinal Anesthesia Induced Hypotension in Lower Limb Surgeries
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03580889. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Upper Limbs Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02047825. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study on the Biomechanical Mechanisms of Orthotic/Physical Training Correction of Hallux Valgus and Its Impact on the Lower Limbs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07036120. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.