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Fig. 20 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 20. Coronal CT images showing the number of turbinal folds on endoturbinal I (char. 15). (A) one (ch. 15.1), Monodelphis domestica, C205 (TMM M-7599); (B) two (char. 15.2), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; PTL, posterior transverse lamina; SER, sphenethmoid recess.

Fig. 19 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 19. Coronal CT images showing pneumaticity of the rostral portion of endoturbinal I (char. 17). (A) rostral portion contains no pneumatic cavities (char. 17.0), Petauroides volans, C370 (AMNH 150055); (B) small pneumatic cavity is present, which encompasses only a portion of the coronal cross section of the element (char. 17.1), Phalanger orientalis, C160 (AMNH 157211); (C) large cavity is present, which encompasses most or the entire coronal cross section of the element (char. 17.2), Didelphis virginiana, C270 (TMM M-2517). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; P1, first upper premolar.

Fig. 4 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 4. Digital rendering of the ethmoid bones (shown in color) inside the semitransparent skull of Didelphis virginiana (TMM M-2517) shown in (A) dorsal, and (B) left lateral views. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

Fig. 1 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 1. Modified topology from Meredith et al. (2009) based on Bayesian analysis of five nuclear genes. Taxa for which I do not have nasal cavity data were pruned from the topology or if possible substituted for closely related species for which I do have nasal cavity data. Didelphis was used as a representative of Didelphinae; Dendrolagus was substituted for Aepyprymnus; Wallabia was substituted for Macropus; Sminthopsis was substituted for Phascolosorex. Substitutions within Marsupialia were based on the topologies by Cardillo et al. (2004). The outgroups were pruned from the topology of Meredith et al. (2009) and instead the following taxa for which I have nasal cavity data were included: Mus, Pteropus, Erinaceus, Ornithorhynchus, and Tachyglossus. The polytomy for the placental mammals reflects the uncertainty in higher level systematics for Placentalia, whereas the monotreme relationships are well established (e.g., Rowe et al., 2008).

Fig. 24 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 24. Coronal CT images showing the presence or absence of prominent lateral expanded bulges within the shaft of the ossified nasal septum (char. 31). (A) bulges present (char. 31.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C136 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) bulges absent (char. 31.1), Wallabia bicolor, C386 (TMM M-4169), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.

Fig. 23 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 23. Digital renderings of the cribriform plate showing the presence or absence of a crista galli (char. 34). (A) crista galli is present (char. 34.0), Caluromys philander (AMNH 95526); (B) crista galli is absent (char. 34.1), Dendrolagus lumholtzi (AMNH 65254). Both scale bars equal 1 mm.

Fig. 13 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 13. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the caudodorsal portion of caudal nasoturbinal (caudal to nasoturbinal division around endoturbinal I; char. 10). (A) caudodorsal portion is unfolded (ch. 10.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C245 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) caudodorsal portion curls (char. 10.1), Phalanger orientalis, C250 (AMNH 157211), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram showing a in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram showing a dorsal view of the paries nasi of the chondrocranium of a marsupial. Rostral is to the left. Figure modeled after Smith and Rossie (2006: fig. 8.4). Abbreviations: EC, ectoturbinal; EN, endoturbinal.

Fig. 28 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 28. Coronal CT images showing the complexity of the rostral portion of the maxilloturbinal in marsupials (char. 1). (A) arborlike maxilloturbinal (char. 1.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C208 (TMM M-6921); (B) simple maxilloturbinal (char. 1.1), Isoodon macrourus, C150 (TMM M-6922); (C) curled lamella (char. 1.1), Phascolarctos cinereus, C129 (TMM M-2946). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.

Fig. 16 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 16. Coronal CT images showing the caudalmost extent of ventral attachment of nasoturbinal (char. 13). (A) attachment is rostral to caudal terminus of maxilloturbinal (char. 13.0), Petauroides volans, C450 (AMNH 150055); (B) attachment is at coronal level of caudal terminus of maxilloturbinal (char. 13.1), Trichosurus vulpecula, C212 (TMM M-849); (C) attachment is caudal to caudal terminus of maxilloturbinal (char. 13.2), Isoodon macrourus, C374 (TMM M-6922). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; PTL, posterior transverse lamina.

Fig. 12 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 12. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the caudal nasoturbinal (char. 7). (A) caudal nasoturbinal is unbranched (char. 7.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C230 (FMNH 127463); (B) caudal nasoturbinal has at least one branch (char. 7.1), Caenolestes fuliginosus, C389 (KU 124015). Both scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.

Fig. 27 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 27. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the maxillary recess (char. 26). (A) caudal portion of recess is medially enclosed by posterior transverse lamina (char. 26.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C330 (TMM M-6921), scale bar equals 5 mm; (B) uncinate process of the caudal nasoturbinal also contributes to the medial wall of the recess (char. 26.1), Monodelphis domestica, C190 (TMM M-7599), scale bar equals 1 mm. Abbreviation: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; PTL, posterior transverse lamina; SER, sphenethmoid recess.

Figure 6 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus

Figure 6. Dasyurus albopunctatus pouch young: a, (AMNH 190927; 36.64 mm skull length). Erupting teeth in the upper jaw with canine about ½ erupted. The dP1 is almost completely erupted and P3 is in early eruption. A tiny, slender dP3 is lying on the distal margins of the erupting P3, pointing posteriorly; its apex is not evident. M1 is erupted and the M2 is about ¾ erupting (not shown); b, (AMNH 221650; 37.53 mm skull length) slightly older than the preceding. The dP1 is erupted in the upper jaw and P3 is erupting (½–⅔). A tiny, elongate dP3 is evident along the posterior margins of the erupting P3; c, (BBM – NG 28247; 37.89 mm skull length). The dP1 is erupted, and the P3 is almost completely erupted in the upper jaw. A tiny, slender and elongate dP3 is evident along the distal margin of P3 and its root extends distally beneath the anterior opening of the infraorbital canal; d, (BBM – NG 97868; 47.25 mm skull length). In this older young, the P3 is almost completely erupted in the upper jaw. A tiny, slender root remnant of dP3 is evident, distal to the buccal end of P3.

Figure 4 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus

Figure 4. Parasagittal section through the dentition in a 25-day-old pouch young (12.5 mm head length) showing the developing teeth between dP1 and M2 in the upper jaw. Arrowhead refers to the site of the missing dP2. Abbreviation: D, location of developing dP3 follicle.

Figure 2 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus

Figure 2. Transverse sections of early developmental stages of the dentition in marsupials: a, early tooth bud forming from the dental lamina; b, early-cap stage; c, middle-bell stage with elongate dental lamina; d, late-bell stage with odontoblasts and early lingual successional lamina; e, well-developed late-bell stage with dentin and enamel. A successional early-cap stage develops from the lingual successional lamina, showing early fragmentation of the dental lamina. Abbreviations: AM, ameloblasts; D, dentin; DL, dental lamina; DP, dental papilla; E, enamel; IEE, inner enamel epithelium; OD, odontoblasts; OEE, outer enamel epithelium; SL, successional lamina; SR, stellate reticulum; TB, tooth bud.

Figure 1 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus

Figure 1. Four early pouch young of Dasyurus viverrinus: a, 30 hours old, 3.25 mm head length (HL); b, 5–6 days old, 4.5 mm HL; c, 14 days old, 8 mm HL; d, 25 days old, 12.5 mm HL.

Figure 3 in Initiation and early development of the postcanine deciduous dentition in the dasyurid marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus

Figure 3. Transverse section through the head at the level of the developing eyes in a 10-day-old Dasyurus viverrinus embryo (7 mm head length). Note the close compression between the large tongue (T) and the nipple (N). No developing teeth are evident.