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FIGURES 75–85 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURES 75–85. Head in anterior view. 75) M. dixi sp. nov., 76) M. farallonensis sp. nov., 77) M. guacharensis sp. nov., 78) M. guineverae sp. nov., 79) M. huilensis sp. nov., 80) M. iguaquensis sp. nov., 81) M. jerodi sp. nov., 82) M. magdalensis sp. nov., 83) M. muiscai sp. nov., 84) M. quimbayensis sp. nov., 85) M. santanderensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 25–32 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURES 25–32. Discrete characters of head, mandibles and tarsal claw. Numbers represent the following species 25) M. jerodi sp. nov., 26) M. chingazensis sp. nov., 27, 32) M. megalops, 28) M. rubens, 29, 30) M. laphygmae, 31) M. dimidiatus. 25) occipital carina not complete, 26) occipital carina complete, 27) mandibles not twisted, 28) mandibles moderately twisted (the lower tooth is seen behind but it is clearly visible in frontal view), 29) mandibles strongly twisted (the lower tooth is almost invisible in frontal view), 30) tarsal claw with large lobe, 31) tarsal claw with small lobe, 32) tarsal claw simple.

FIGURES 98–103 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURES 98–103. Head in lateral view. 98) M. iguaquensis sp. nov., 99) M. jerodi sp. nov., 100) M. magdalensis sp. nov., 101) M. muiscai sp. nov., 102) M. quimbayensis sp. nov., 103) M. santanderensis sp. nov.

FIGURES 48–62 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURES 48–62. Head in dorsal view 48) M. amazonensis sp. nov., 49) M. andreae sp. nov. 50) M. antioquensis sp. nov., 51) M. boyacensis sp. nov., 52) M. calimai sp. nov., 53) M. caquetensis sp. nov., 54) M. cecavorum sp. nov., 55) M. chingazensis sp. nov., 56) M. dixi sp. nov., 57) M. farallonensis sp. nov., 58) M. guacharensis sp. nov., 59) M. guineverae sp. nov., 60) M. huilensis sp. nov., 61) M. iguaquensis sp. nov., 62) M. jerodi sp. nov.

FIGURES 15–24 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURES 15–24. Discrete characters of wings and first tergite. Numbers represent the following species: 15) M. townsendi, 16) M. laphygmae, 17) M. mariamartae, 18) M. desmiae, 19) M. andreae sp. nov., 20) M. rubens, 21) M. oviedoi, 22) M. megalops, 23) M. amazonensis n. sp., 24) M. chingazensis sp. nov. 15) second submarginal cell (top arrow) strongly narrowed anteriorly, 16) second submarginal cell (top arrow) not strongly narrowed anteriorly, 16) vein m-cu intersticial (bottom arrow), 17) vein m-cu antefurcal, 18) vein m-cu postfurcal, 19) ventral borders of first tergite (proximal part of tergite on upper part of picture) widely separated, 20) ventral borders of first tergite touching for short distance, 21) ventral borders of first tergite joined completely along basal ½ of segment, 22) ventral borders of first tergite separated basally, joined apically, 23) dorsopes present, and 24) dorsopes absent.

FIGURES 39–44 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURES 39–44. Boxplots for morphometric measurement ranges of Meteorus species. Numbers represent the following species: 1) M. alejandromasisi, 2) M. dos, 3) M. gigas, 4) M. laphygmae, 5) M. mariamartae, 6) M. megalops, 7) M. oviedoi, 8) M. rogerblancoi, 9) M. townsendi, 10) M. uno, 11) M. yamijuanum, 12) M. huilensis sp. nov., 13) M. guineverae sp. nov., 14) M. muiscai sp. nov., 15) M. jerodi sp. nov., 16) M. rugonasus, 17) M. rubens, 18) M. cecavorum sp. nov., 19) M. andreae sp. nov., 20) M. farallonensis sp. nov., 21) M. quimbayensis sp. nov., 22) M. amazonensis sp. nov., 23) M. arizonensis, 24) M. corniculatus. Horizontal continuous line on figs. 39 and 44 indicate the gap between discrete categories proposed in this work. Dotted line indicates the gap proposed by previous authors.

FIGURE 45 in Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia 2938

FIGURE 45. Plots of the first two discriminant functions of the discriminant analysis. Only cases where species are overlapped are shown. The first two discriminant functions explains 80.4% and 78% of the variance for plots A and B respectively. Polygons define the limits of proposed groups.

FIGURE 6 in Morphometric and morphological variation in Myotis simus Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with an appraisal of the identity of Myotis guaycuru Proença based on the analysis of the type material

FIGURE 6. Dorsal view of the skulls of two specimens of M. simus: A―from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (USNM 584502), B―from Pasco, Peru (USNM 364482). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphometric and morphological variation in Myotis simus Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with an appraisal of the identity of Myotis guaycuru Proença based on the analysis of the type material

FIGURE 2. Body (in fluid) of the holotype of M. guaycuru (ALP 9277). Scale bar = 10 mm. Bellow on the left, the arrow shows the plagiopatagium attachment.

FIGURE 1 in Morphometric and morphological variation in Myotis simus Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with an appraisal of the identity of Myotis guaycuru Proença based on the analysis of the type material

FIGURE 1. Geographic mapping of samples analyzed in the present study: (1) Cercado, Beni, Bolivia; (2) Borba, Amazonas, Brazil; (3) Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; (4) Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil; (5) El Refugio, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; (6) Salobra, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (type specimen of M. guaycuru) (7) Rio Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil; (8) Ucayali, Loreto, Peru; and (9) San Juan, Pasco, Peru.

FIGURE 4 in Morphometric and morphological variation in Myotis simus Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with an appraisal of the identity of Myotis guaycuru Proença based on the analysis of the type material

FIGURE 4. Left (a): Multivariate individual scores of data in the two first principal components for samples of M. simus labeled by locality — (1) Cercado, Beni, Bolivia; (2) Borba, Amazonas, Brazil; (3) Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; (4) Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil; (5) El Refugio, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; (6) Salobra, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (type specimen of M. guaycuru) (7) Rio Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil; (8) Ucayali, Loreto, Peru; and (9) San Juan, Pasco, Peru. Right (b): Corresponding vector correlations (greater than 0.29) of craniometric characters with the first two eigenvectors.

FIGURE 7 in Morphometric and morphological variation in Myotis simus Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with an appraisal of the identity of Myotis guaycuru Proença based on the analysis of the type material

FIGURE 7. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the skull and mandible of the holotype of M. simus (BMNH 85.5.12.2). Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs provided by Roberto Portela Miguez (The Natural History Museum, England).

FIGURE 3 in Morphometric and morphological variation in Myotis simus Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with an appraisal of the identity of Myotis guaycuru Proença based on the analysis of the type material

FIGURE 3. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the skull and mandible of the holotype of M. guaycuru (ALP 9277). Scale bar = 5 mm. The distance between the dentary bones is reduced due to the disarticulation of the mandibular symphysis.

Figure 6 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 6. Evolutionary relationships of Philaethria based on DNA sequences from specimens of Philaethria wernickei (southern population; Atlantic Rain Forest) and individuals previously described as Philaethria pygmalion (northern population; Amazon Forest), depicted by the green shading (grey in print version). Philaethria diatonica and Philaethria dido were used to root the tree. Purple (grey) circles represent individuals from the Atlantic Rain Forest and black triangles indicate samples from the Amazon Basin. A, consensus Bayesian tree based on mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, Co-I) and nuclear [triose-phosphate isomerase (Tpi), wingless (Wg), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)] DNA sequences. Posterior probabilities are shown above branches. Bootstrap node support based on maximum likelihood analysis is indicated below branches. Asterisks indicate node support lower than 70%. B, Median-joining network based on mtDNA and nuclear loci sequence data describing the relationship between haplotypes (purple indicates southern population, and black, northern population). Nucleotide substitutions are shown on the branches as small transverse bars. Circle size is proportional to haplotype frequency.

Figure 2 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 2. Location of linear measurements (A) and schematic representation (B, C) of Philaethria wings showing veins and landmarks adopted in this study. A, hind wing dorsal and ventral (detail) views, showing measured vectors. B, fore wing. C, hind wing. See Appendix S2 for details on morphological definitions of landmarks.

Figure 4 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 4. Linear variation in hind wing size and medial postdiscal bands for Philaethria wernickei and Philaethria pygmalion (left column), and in relation to latitude when samples from the two species are combined (right column). A, D, hind wing length. B, E, hind wing length/postdiscal band ratio (AB/DE). C, F, inner and medial postdiscal band ratio (EF/DF). See Fig. 2A for details on wing position of corresponding measurements. Numbers above boxes indicate the number of specimens measured in each class.

Figure 1 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 1. Geographical distributions of Philaethria wernickei and Philaethria pygmalion, and corresponding variation in male genitalia ultrastructure and ventral hind wing colour. A, shaded areas show distribution ranges proposed by Constantino & Salazar (2010) for P. wernickei (green) and P. pygmalion (red); green circles and red triangles represent collection localities of the material analysed in this study. B, variation in valva's cucullus, external view. C, variation in the colour pattern of hind wing surface, ventral view.

Figure 3 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 3. Male genitalia of Philaethria wernickei and Philaethria pygmalion. A, P. wernickei, lateral view. B, P. pygmalion, lateral view. C, schematic representation of generalized genitalia for both, in lateral view. D, F, H, J, scanning electron micrographs of P. wernickei; E, G, I, K, scanning electron micrographs of P. pygmalion. D, E, ampulla external view. F, G, ampulla internal view. H, I, ampulla ornamentation in detail. J, K, fultura inferior distal end. Scale bars = 150, 30, and 100 μm, for D–G, H–I, and J–K, respectively.

Figure 8 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 8. STRUCTURE-based clustering of Philaethria wernickei individuals from low (0–10°S) to high (20–25°S) latitudes (north and south populations, respectively) based on amplified fragment length polymorphism loci. Each individual is represented by a vertical line divided into segments of different colour that represent genetic clusters (K) from 1–4.

Figure 7 in Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Figure 7. Multilocus consensus Bayesian tree based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (Co-I), triose-phosphate isomerase (Tpi), wingless (Wg), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) sequences from specimens of Philaethria wernickei (Atlantic Rain Forest, purple circles) and individuals previously described as Philaethria pygmalion (Amazon Forest, black triangles) depicted by the green shading (grey in print version). Philaethria pygmalion and Philaethria dido were used to root the tree. Posterior probabilities are shown above branches and bootstrap node support based on maximum likelihood analysis is indicated below branches. Asterisks indicate node support lower than 70%.