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1,018 results for “past”
Data and code from: Echoes of the past: Long-term climate stability shapes functional and phylogenetic diversity in Euro-Mediterranean forests
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Adult survival in a small seabird, Hydrobates leucorhous, covaries with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation over the past six decades
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White-tailed deer responses to predator cues depend upon past land use and contemporary fire regime
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Data from: Combining past and contemporary species occurrences with ordinal species distribution modeling to investigate responses to climate change
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Data from: The ghost of disturbance past: long-term effects of pulse disturbances on community biomass and composition
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Past Causalities and Event Categories for Connecting Similar Past and Present Causalities
<p>This dataset includes past causalities and their categories to connect similar past and present causalities. We report how to use this dataset in the following papers.</p> <p><em>Ryohei Ikejiri, Yasunobu Sumikawa: "Developing world history lessons to foster authentic social participation by searching for historical causation in relation to current issues dominating the news". Journal of Educational Research on Social Studies 84, 37–48 (2016). (in Japanese).</em></p> <p><em>Yasunobu Sumikawa and Ryohei Ikejiri, "Mining Historical Social Issues", Intelligent Decision Technologies, Smart Innovation, IDT'15, Systems and Technologies, Vol. 39, Springer, pp. 587--597, 2015.</em></p> <p>This dataset is based on some textbooks that are popular ones in Japanese high-school. We first collect past causalities by referencing the textbooks. We then select the causalities if they can be useful for considering solutions for present social issues. To enhance the analogy, we describe each causality in three kinds of texts: background including problems, solution ways, and their results. From the selected causalities and an Encyclopedia of Historiography, we define categories for them. Finally, the created dataset contains 138 past causalities and 13 categories. Each past causality has more than one categories.</p> <p>To help training machine learning models, this dataset additionally provides 900 past event data in past_events_wikipedia.tsv. The event data were collected from Wikipedia, and then were assigned one or more categories from the above 13 ones. We have confirmed that SVM-RBF equipped with the above all categorized data obtained 73.6% precision, 55.8% recall and 63.5% F1 score</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>File contents</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Past causality data <ol> <li>historical_causalities_data.tsv: Detail of stored causalities.</li> <li>historical_causalities_regions.tsv: Regions where the causalities happened.</li> <li>historical_causalities_categories.tsv: Categories of the causalities.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Past event data <ol> <li>past_events_wikipedia.tsv: Descriptions of past events stored in Wikipedia. This file is useful for training machine learning model such as SVM.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Statistics (Statistics.tsv) <p> Results of statistical analyses for the dataset. We used Calinski and Harabaz method, mutual information, Jaccard Index, TF-IDF+JS divergence, and Meta-data Similarity that counts how many common categories two causalities share in order to measure qualities of the dataset.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Grants</strong>: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26750076, 17K12792, and 19K20631</p>
Supporting R-code and data for "Why are population growth rate estimates of past and present hunter-gatherers so different?" (Tallavaara and Jørgensen, 2020)
<p>This submission contains data and R-code that enable to reproduce the data manipulations and analyses in the paper “Why are population growth rate estimates of past and present hunter-gatherers so different?” by Miikka Tallavaara and Erlend Kirkeng Jørgensen (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B). Please, cite the paper and this Zenodo repository if you use the files included in this Zenodo record in your work.</p> <p>The submission includes a html-file titled “Why are population growth rate estimates of past and present hunter-gatherers so different? - Data analyses” (TJ2020.html) that contains R-code and instructions and comments for running the code (open this file in your browser). In addition, the submission includes Rdata-file (dataTJ2020.Rdata) containing all the data that are not created within the code and pure R-code (TJ2020.R).</p>
Database for "Accurate estimates of past spatiotemporal temperature variability could strongly constrain future warming"
<p>This repository contains data used to support findings of the study "Accurate estimates of past spatiotemporal temperature variability could strongly constrain future warming", which is currently under review.</p>
Past and future decline of tropical pelagic biodiversity
<p>A major research question concerning global pelagic biodiversity remains unanswered: when did the apparent tropical biodiversity depression (i.e., bimodality of latitudinal diversity gradient [LDG]) begin? The bimodal LDG may be a consequence of recent ocean warming or of deep-time evolutionary speciation and extinction processes. Using rich time-slice datasets of planktonic foraminifers, we show here that a unimodal (or only weakly bimodal) diversity gradient, with a plateau in the tropics, occurred during the last ice age and has since then developed into a bimodal gradient through species distribution shifts driven by postglacial ocean warming. The bimodal LDG likely emerged before the Anthropocene (here defined as ∼1950) and perhaps ∼15,000 y ago, indicating a strong environmental control of tropical diversity even before the start of anthropogenic warming. However, our model projections suggest future anthropogenic warming further diminishes tropical pelagic diversity to a level not seen in millions of years.</p>
Likely weakening of the Florida Current during the past century revealed by sea-level observations
<p>This file accompanies the paper 'Likely weakening of the Florida Current during the past century revealed by sea-level observations' by Christopher G. Piecuch published in Nature Communications. It contains the probabilistic reanalysis of annual Florida Current transport during 1909-2018 (e.g., Figure 2 in the paper). Please cite the accompanying paper if you use the data and/or find the data useful.</p>
The origin and diversification of pteropods predate past perturbations in the Earth's carbon cycle
<p>This study examines the taxonomy of pteropods and their divergence time using phylogenomics by incorporating 21 new species and new fossil evidence. In agreement with traditional taxonomy, we recovered the first molecular support for a division between sea butterflies (Thecosomata) and sea angels (Gymnosomata). Molecular dating demonstrated that these two lineages diverged in the early Cretaceous, and that all main pteropod clades, including shelled, partially-shelled and unshelled groups, diverged in the mid to late Cretaceous. This datasets includes the following files: </p> <ul> <li>'pteropods_May18_s7.cali': fossil calibrations used for molecular dating </li> <li>'Concat-Ptero200.phy.gz': reduced alignment with 200 marker genes showing highest support</li> <li>'Concat-Ptero040317.phy.gz': main alignment of 2654 marker genes </li> <li>'OMA-alis.tgz': individual alignments for each marker gene</li> <li>'Ptero200_PBcatgtr.tgz': phylobayes run files on the reduced 200 genes dataset</li> <li>'Ptero040317_examl.tgz': examl run files on the main 2654 markers alignment</li> <li>'pteropods_May18_s7_cir_sb_bd.tgz'z: phylobayes molecular dating run with log-normal model </li> <li>'pteropods_May18_s7_ugam_sb_bd.tgz': phylobayes molecular dating run with UGALM model </li> </ul>
Dataset for "Sorption, anomalous water transport and dynamic porosity in cement paste: A spatially localised 1H NMR relaxation study and a proposed mechanism"
<p>This record is the dataset for Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in the journal article "Sorption, anomalous water transport and dynamic porosity in cement paste: A spatially localised 1H NMR relaxation study and a proposed mechanism" published in Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 133, July 2020, 106045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106045.</p> <p>Abstract: The link between anomalous water sorption and dynamic porosity in cement pastes is explored using spatially resolved GARField1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation analysis. A model is developed in which the effective capillary diffusion coefficient is dependent on the instantaneous pore size distribution. This and earlier data show changes in pore size distribution resultant from changes in saturation that do not occur instantaneously with changes in degree of saturation. Therefore, it is assumed that the pore size distribution is always relaxing exponentially towards a (saturation dependent) equilibrium. It follows that the diffusivity is sample history (i.e. time) dependent as well as saturation dependent. This is sufficient to explain anomalies in rapid capillary water sorption. The same concepts are applied to slow drying. In this case, porosity changes occur on a timescale much shorter than drying so the system is always in dynamic equilibrium and anomalies are therefore not seen.</p>
FIGURE 2 in A guest from the past: A new genus and a new species of Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) in Miocene Dominican amber
FIGURE 2. Amberderaeous gigophthalmus sp. nov. A: dorsal view; B: lateral view; C: compound eyes and pronotum; D: hind tarsus; E. claw structure. Scale bar: A–B: 1 mm; C: 0.5 mm; D: 0.3 mm; E: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A guest from the past: A new genus and a new species of Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) in Miocene Dominican amber
FIGURE 1. Dominican amber with insect (A) and Amberderaeous gigophthalmus sp. nov. (B). Scale bar: 1 mm.
Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
<p><b>1.</b> Given the long and dynamic history of anthropogenic disturbances to ecosystems, it is difficult to determine the drivers of past population declines. These uncertainties dilute the efficacy of conservation efforts and might hinder species and ecosystem recovery.</p> <p><b>2.</b> Niche quantification can be a useful tool for understanding drivers of past population declines. Niche parameters reflect key resources used, providing insight into the conditions needed to achieve population stability. By reconstructing a population's niche position and space over a period of decline and comparing to historic baselines, shifts in the realized niche of a species can be assessed. Comparing shifts to historic information on resource availability and timing of declines can allow practitioners to identify probable drivers of species decline.</p> <p><span><b>3.</b> We demonstrated the utility of this technique by reconstructing parameters of isotopic dietary niche over a 130 year period and comparing isotopic niche reconstructions to land use and crop harvests during this same period via regression and Bayesian standard ellipsoid (SIBER) analyses. We use a formerly widespread but now endangered species, the eastern spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale putorius</i>), addressing the hypothesis that land use change and agricultural intensification led to a historical collapse of key dietary resources which correlates with population declines in this species. To help control for isotopic variability unrelated to population decline, we compare trends to those of a secure, but ecologically similar generalist mesocarnivore, the striped skunk (<i>Mephitis mephitis</i>), across the same spatiotemporal scale. </span></p> <p><b>4.</b> We present evidence that historic dietary changes occurred in spotted skunks in the early 1900s but not to the same degree in striped skunks. Changes in isotopic composition correspond with the temporal period of decline and are explained by concurrent changes in land use. These results support the hypothesis that loss of key dietary resources as a result of land use change and agricultural intensification played a significant role in population declines of spotted skunks in this region.</p>
A modeling study of the tripole pattern of East China precipitation over the past 425 ka
<p>These files contain the model outputs from Noresm-L that are used to draw the main parts of Figures in our paper entitled "A modeling study of the tripole pattern of East China precipitation over the past 425 ka".</p>
Data from: Past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China: the usability of historical data
Epiphyllous liverworts form a special group of bryophytes that primarily grow on the leaves of understory vascular plants in tropical and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests. Being sensitive to moisture and temperature changes, epiphyllous liverworts are often consider to be good indicators of climate change and forest degradation. However, they are a poorly collected and taxonomically complicated group, with an only partly identified distribution pattern. In this study, we built four models based on 24 environmental variables at four different spatial resolutions (i.e., 1 km, 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km) to predict the past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China, using Maxent model and 63 historical location records (i.e., presence-only data). Both area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) methods are used to assess the model performance. Results showed that the model with the predictors at a 15-km resolution achieved the highest predictive accuracy (AUC=0.946; TSS=0.880), although there was no statistically significant difference between the four models (p > 0.05). The most significant environmental variables included aridity, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, annual mean NDVI, and minimum NDVI. The predicted suitable areas for epiphyllous liverworts were mainly located in the south of Yangtze River and seldom exceeds 35° N, which were consistent with the museum and herbarium records, as well as the historical records in scientific literatures. Our study further demonstrated the value of historical data to ecological and evolutionary studies.
Data from: Changing disturbance-diversity relationships in temperate ecosystems over the past 12000 years
1. Disturbances such as fires and grazing have major impacts on biodiversity. While it has been suggested that species richness is highest with intermediate levels of disturbance, currently there is no consensus due to an absence of data covering large temporal and spatial scales. 2. We developed a new method to examine disturbance-diversity relationships (DDR) using sedimentary pollen data linked with species' disturbance ecology. We reconstructed disturbance and diversity dynamics in the region of the European temperate zone over the last 12000 years and calculated DDR for 900-yr sequential temporal windows. 3. Disturbance frequency was highest in the early and late Holocene, while remaining low in the mid-Holocene. Diversity increased continuously from the start of the Holocene. Our results demonstrate that over the past 12000 years DDR changed from hump-shaped into monotonic increasing pattern. While both highly disturbed and undisturbed sites were strongly impoverished in the early Holocene, as species migrated, biodiversity levels have subsequently affected disturbance regimes with highly disturbed sites now being the highest in species richness. 4. Synthesis. Land-use changes in the last 4000 years created an increasingly patchy landscape, allowing invasive species adapted to high-frequency disturbance to migrate across the landscape. The link between high diversity and disturbed areas is relatively recent and may anticipate even greater disturbance frequencies in future. Our findings also support a hypothesis that species migration, and the structure of the species pool critically determines the response of biota to external factors such as disturbance.
Data from: Geologic and geomorphic controls on rockfall hazard: how well do past rockfalls predict future distributions?
To evaluate the geospatial hazard relationships between recent (contemporary) rockfalls and their prehistoric predecessors, we compare the locations, physical characteristics, and lithologies of rockfall boulders deposited during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) (n=185) with those deposited prior to the CES (n=1093). Population ratios of pre-CES to CES boulders at two study sites vary spatially from ~5:1 to 8.5:1. This is interpreted to reflect (i) variations in CES rockfall flux due to intra- and inter-event spatial differences in ground motions (e.g. directionality) and associated variations in source cliff responses, (ii) possible variations in the triggering mechanism(s), frequency, flux, record duration, boulder size distributions, and post-depositional mobilization of pre-CES rockfalls relative to CES rockfalls, and (iii) geological variations in the source cliffs of CES and pre-CES rockfalls. On interfluves, CES boulders traveled approximately 100 to 250 m further downslope than prehistoric (pre-CES) boulders, interpreted to reflect reduced resistance to CES rockfall transport due to preceding anthropogenic hillslope de-vegetation. Volcanic breccia boulders are more dimensionally equant, rounded, larger, and traveled further downslope than coherent lava boulders, illustrating clear geological control on rockfall hazard. In valley bottoms, the furthest-traveled pre-CES boulders are situated further downslope than CES boulders due to (i) remobilization of pre-CES boulders by post-depositional processes such as debris flows, and (ii) reduction of CES boulder velocities and travel distances by collisional impacts with pre-CES boulders. A considered earth-systems approach is required when using preserved distributions of rockfall deposits to predict the severity and extents of future rockfall events.
Data from: Return of the ghosts of dispersal past: historical spread and contemporary gene flow in the blue sea star Linckia laevigata
Marine animals inhabiting the Indian and Pacific oceans have some of the most extensive species ranges in the world, sometimes spanning over half the globe. These Indo-Pacific species present a challenge for study with both geographic scope and sampling density as limiting factors. Here, we augment and aggregate phylogeographic sampling of the iconic blue sea star, Linckia laevigata Linnaeus, 1758, and present one of the most geographically comprehensive genetic studies of any Indo-Pacific species to date, sequencing 392 base pairs of mitochondrial COI from 791 individuals from 38 locations spanning over 14,000 km. We first use a permutation based multiple-regression approach to simultaneously evaluate the relative influence of historical and contemporary gene flow together with putative barriers to dispersal. We then use a discrete diffusion model of phylogeography to infer the historical migration and colonization routes most likely used by L. laevigata across the Indo-Pacific. We show that estimates of genetic structure have a stronger correlation to geographic distances than to "oceanographic" distances from a biophysical model of larval dispersal, reminding us that population genetic estimates of gene flow and genetic structure are often shaped by historical processes. While the diffusion model was equivocal about the location of the mitochondrial most recent common ancestor (MRCA), we show that gene flow has generally proceeded in a step-wise manner across the Indian and Pacific oceans. We do not find support for previously described barriers at the Sunda Shelf and within Cenderwasih Bay. Rather, the strongest genetic disjunction is found to the east of Cenderwasih Bay along northern New Guinea. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive range-wide sampling in marine phylogeography.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.