Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Table 2 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages

Table 2 Agistemus collyerae specimens detected on agricultural imports from other countries by South Africa.<table><tbody><tr><th>country</th><th>crop</th><th>commodity</th><th>import date(s)</th><th>specimens</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Yemen</th><td>citrus (unspecified Citrus sp.)</td><td>budwood</td><td>Aug 1991</td><td>1 female</td></tr><tr><th>Australia</th><td>mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) peach (Prunus persica) citrus (unspecified Citrus sp.)</td><td>budwood budwood budwood budwood</td><td>Jan 2013 Feb 2007, Jan 2010, Feb 2010 Jan 2010, Mar 2013 Jan 2010</td><td>2 deutonymphs 5 females, 6 males 2 females, 1 male 3 females</td></tr><tr><th>Italy</th><td>olive (Olea europaea)</td><td>rooted cuttings</td><td>Oct 2007</td><td>Unable to locate specimen</td></tr><tr><th>Spain</th><td>apricot (Prunus armeniaca) grapes (Vitis vinifera)</td><td>fresh fruit fresh fruit</td><td>Jun 2009 Oct 2015</td><td>1 female 1 female</td></tr><tr><th>Chile</th><td>grapevine (Vitis vinifera)</td><td>budwood</td><td>Mar 2014</td><td>1 female</td></tr><tr><th>USA</th><td>nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) peach (Prunus persica) citrus (unspecified C itrus sp.)</td><td>budwood budwood budwood</td><td>Nov 2010 Nov 2011, Jan 2012, Nov 2012 May 2016</td><td>2 females 2 females, 1 male 1 female</td></tr><tr><th>France</th><td>nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica)</td><td>budwood</td><td>Jan 2017</td><td>1 female</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

TABLE 2 in Seeking for gaps in taxonomic descriptions of endemic fishes: a pathway to challenge the Linnean shortfall in a Neotropical basin

TABLE 2 | Statistics of the multiple linear regression between the year of description of endemic fish species and altitude and fish body size (Cross-species analysis). P values in bold indicate significant results (p <0.05). SE = Standard error.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Estimate</th><th>SE</th><th>t value</th><th>p value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Intercept</th><td>1991.44</td><td>2.378</td><td>837,28</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Altitude</th><td>8.03</td><td>2.445</td><td>3.28</td><td>0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Fish body size</th><td>-11.05</td><td>2.445</td><td>-4.52</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

TABLE 1 in Seeking for gaps in taxonomic descriptions of endemic fishes: a pathway to challenge the Linnean shortfall in a Neotropical basin

TABLE 1 | Statistics of the linear regression between the number of descriptions of endemic fish species and the sampling effort (Cross-sites analysis). P value in bold indicate significant results (p <0.05). SE = Standard error.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Estimate</th><th>SE</th><th>t value</th><th>p value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Intercept</th><td>-0.22</td><td>0.079</td><td>-2.88</td><td>0.004</td></tr><tr><th>Sampling effort</th><td>0.29</td><td>0.03</td><td>8.91</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Time series transcriptomes resolve metabolic pathways underlying crocin's anti-cancer activity | Dataset: sequencing reads (2,6,12,24 hr crocin treatments)

Natural products like saffron show promise in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used time-series transcriptomics to elucidate crocin's anti-cancer mechanisms in HCC cells. We treated HepG2 cells with 1 and 2 mM crocin for 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours and analyzed transcriptomic profiles at each timepoint. The strongest transcriptional response occurred at 2 hours with 1 mM crocin, with diminishing effects at later timepoints. We observed upregulation of metabolic-, adhesion-, and endocytosis-related genes across all timepoints. Pathway analysis revealed activation of DNA damage checkpoints and senescence while proliferation pathways were suppressed. Notably, 52 genes involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were downregulated at 24 hours (FDR p = 8 × 10⁻⁸), suggesting reversal of carcinogenic pathways. Strikingly, crocin consistently downregulated spliceosomal machinery genes across all timepoints while upregulating senescence and autophagy pathways. This spliceosome targeting represents a clinically relevant mechanism, as aberrant splicing drives oncogenesis in more than 90% of cancers. The transcription factor PAX5 was significantly upregulated while oncogenic ELK1 targets were downregulated. Our findings show that crocin treatment is accompanied by HCC cell senescence induction through coordinated spliceosome disruption and metabolic reprogramming, providing novel therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), crocin, transcriptomics, spliceosome, senescence, natural anti-cancer compounds

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Dataset for "Dissociable Roles of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in the control od Impulsive action and Risk-Related Decision-Making in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats"

This dataset corresponds to the study "Dissociable Roles of the mPFC-to-VTA Pathway in the Control of Impulsive Action and Risk-Related Decision-Making in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats". In this study, we used Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose to evaluate brain metabolic activity in Roman High- (RHA) and Low-avoidance (RLA) rats, which exhibit innate differences in impulsivity. Notably, we used a viral-based intersectional chemogenetic strategy to isolate the role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in controlling impulsive behaviors. We selectively activated the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in RHA rats and inhibited it in RLA rats, assessing the effects on impulsive action and RDM in the rat gambling task. Our results showed that RHA rats displayed higher impulsive action, less optimal decision-making, and lower cortical activity than RLA rats at baseline. Chemogenetic activation of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway reduced impulsive action in RHA rats, whereas chemogenetic inhibition had the opposite effect in RLA rats. However, these manipulations did not affect RDM. Our findings suggest a dissociable role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in impulsive action and RDM, highlighting its potential as a target for investigating impulsivity-related disorders. Contributions for usage of this data in publications: If you publish any work using these data, please cite this repository and the associated publication.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Assessment of the expression level of selected genes and protein phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with colorectal cancer

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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

High-throughput untargeted metabolomics reveals metabolites and metabolic pathways that differentiate two divergent pig breeds

<h3>Content</h3> Dataset of the study: "High-throughput untargeted metabolomics reveals metabolites and metabolic pathways that differentiate two divergent pig breeds.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Docking data for "The evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for differential usage of the host transmembrane serine proteases entry pathway"

The dataset includes predicted complexes of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (specifically at the S2' cleavage site) with Hepsin and TMPRSS2 proteins. It contains data on three variants: Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron BA.1. Compressed folders: -357596-DeltaHepsin.tgz -357597-DeltaTMPRSS2.tgz -360039-WuhanHepsin.tgz -360042-TMPRSSWuhan.tgz -392981-TMPRSS-BA1_all.tgz -392982-Hepsin-BA-all.tgz Each compressed folder contains the following: -Initial structures in pdb format -Output complexes in pdb format -Clusters in pdb format -Protocols -Parameters -Scoring files   Protein-protein docking  Molecular docking between the SARS-CoV-2 S protein of Wuhan, Delta (PDB: 7W92, [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28528-w]), and BA.1 (PDB: 7XO5, [DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00672-4]) and the human proteases TMPRSS2 (PDB: 8HD8, [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42527-5]) and Hepsin (PDB: 1Z8G, [DOI: 10.1042/BJ20041955]) was performed using the HADDOCK v2.5-2024.03 webserver ([DOI: 10.1021/ja026939x], [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.014]). Missing loops in the protein structures were reconstructed using Modeller v10.5 ([DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1626]). Every heteroatom was removed from the reference structures. The relaxed atomistic coordinates for each S protein variant were derived via all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These simulations were performed using AMBER22 with the FF19SB force fields and the pmemd.cuda module for enhanced performance ([DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01153], [DOI: 10.1021/jz501780a], [DOI:10.1021/ct400314y]). For the Wuhan variant the S protein was retrieved from our previous modeling study [DOI: 10.1039/D0NR03969A] where for Delta and BA.1, ecah S protein was placed in a dodecahedral box, extending 20 Å beyond the solute in every cartesian direction, and solvated with the four-site OPC water model ([DOI: 10.1021/jz501780a]). The systems were neutralized with counterions, specifically one Cl− ion for the Delta variant and three Cl- ions for the BA.1 variant. To remove local clashes, a geometric optimization was performed using the steepest descent algorithm for 5000 cycles. The MD equilibration process consisted of several stages. First, temperature equilibration in the NVT ensemble was performed by gradually increasing the temperature through steps of 150, 200, 250, 300, and finally 310 K, each lasting 200 ps. During this phase, position restraints were applied to the heavy atoms of the proteins, with progressively decreasing spring constants of 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, and 1.0 kcal mol−1 Å−2, facilitating gradual relaxation. This was followed by a 1 ns equilibration at 310 K in the NPT ensemble without restraints. For production MD, the simulations were run in the NPT ensemble with periodic boundary conditions and Particle Mesh Ewald (PME) method ([DOI: 10.1063/5.0040966], [DOI: 10.1021/ct9001015]) using a grid spacing of 1.0 Å for long-range electrostatics. Non-bonded interactions were modeled with a Lennard-Jones potential using a 9Å cutoff. Temperature control was maintained using Langevin dynamics ([DOI: 10.1021/ct800573m]) with a collision frequency of 4.0 ps−1, and pressure control was managed by the Monte Carlo barostat ([DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.039]) with a 2.0 ps relaxation time at 1 bar. Bond constraints on hydrogen atoms were applied using the SHAKE algorithm ([DOI: 10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5]), and the hydrogen mass repartitioning scheme was applied via ParmEd ([DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005659]), enabling a 4 fs integration time step ([DOI: 10.1021/ct5010406]). Each protein complex was simulated for a total of 20 ns. For the Wuhan variant, the 3D coordinates were retrieved from [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3817446]. The active interaction region on the spike protein was defined as the cleavage site (residues P809-R815). For TMPRSS2 and Hepsin, the active sites were defined based on their catalytic residues: H296, D345, D435, S441, S460, and G462 for TMPRSS2, and H203, D257, D347, A348, and S353 for Hepsin. These specific regions were selected to guide the docking process and maximize biologically relevant interactions. Docking clusters were analyzed by selecting those with the lowest interaction energies for further structural analysis. To evaluate binding accuracy, native contacts between the S protein and proteases were computed using the contact map analysis based on the OV+rCSU method ([DOI: 10.12693/APhysPolA.145.S9, 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00986]), which allows for a precise identification of critical stabilizing interactions, both specific and non-specifics. High-frequency contacts, defined as those appearing in over 70% of the generated models, were highlighted as key determinants of protein-protein recognition, providing insight into the most stable and consistent interactions across docking configurations.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activates the NOTCH1 signaling pathway through E-proteins in endometriotic lesions

Context: NOTCH signaling is activated in endometriotic lesions but the exact mechanisms remains unclear. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, induces NOTCH1 through E-proteins including E2A and HEB in cancer development. Objective: To study the role of E-proteins in inducing NOTCH1 expression under the regulation of IL-6 in endometriosis. Setting and Design: The expression of E2A, HEB and NOTCH1 was first investigated in endometrium of women with endometriosis and the baboon model of endometriosis. Regulation of E-proteins and NOTCH1 expression was examined after IL-6 stimulation and siRNA mediated inhibition of E2A or/and HEB in human endometriotic epithelial cells (12Z) in vitro, and subsequent following in vivo IL-6 treatment in the mouse model of endometriosis in vivo. Results: E2A, HEB and NOTCH1 were significantly upregulated in glandular epithelium (GE) of ectopic endometrium compared to eutopic endometrium in both women and baboon model. IL-6 treatment upregulated the expression of NOTCH1 together with E2A and HEB in 12Z cells. siRNA inhibition of E2A and HEB or HEB alone decreased NOTCH1 expression. Binding efficiency of both E2A and HEB was significantly higher at the binding sites on the human NOTCH1 promoter after IL-6 treatment. Finally, IL-6 treatment resulted in a significantly increased number of endometriotic lesions along with the increased expression of E2A, HEB and NOTCH1 in GE of the lesions compared with the vehicle treated group in an endometriosis mouse model. Conclusions: IL-6 induced NOTCH1 expression is mediated by E-proteins in the ectopic GE cells, which may promote endometriotic lesion development.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Project files provided as supporting information to the manuscript "How Communication Pathways Bridge Local and Global Conformations in an IgG4 Antibody: a Molecular Dynamics Study"

June 23, 2021 Thomas Tarenzi, Marta Rigoli and Raffaello Potestio ================================== The dataset contains the following folders: - contact_area_binding_site: files with the computed surface area, used for the calculation of the contact area between PD-1 and the antibody Fab (Fig. S41). - hbonds_ab-pd1: number of hydrogen bonds between the antigen and the antibody, for each holo cluster (Fig. S41). - mutual_information: matrices with the computed mutual information, for each pair of residues (Fig. S34, S35, S46). The folder contains also the generalized correlation coefficients (Fig. S43) and the correlation scores (Fig. 4, S44, S45), computed from the mutual informations. - networks: communities - for each cluster, each residue is assigned to a community within the interaction network (Fig. S32, S33). betweenness - the values of edge betweenness for each cluster (S30, S31). - output_clustering: each frame of the apo and holo simulations is assigned a cluster index, on the basis of the structural similarity (Fig. S4). - PAD: per-residue values of PAD parameter, for apo and holo systems (Fig. 3, S39). - PCA: principal component analysis for each conformational cluster (Section S2.1). - representative_structures: representative structures for each conformational cluster (Fig. 2). - r_gyr_antibody: radii of gyration of the antibody, for each cluster (Fig. 2). - r_gyr_hinge: radii of gyration of the sole hinge segment, for each cluster (Fig. S36). - RMSD_antibody: distributions of the root-mean-square deviation of the antibody, for each cluster (Fig. S5).  - RMSD_antigen: root-mean-square deviation of the antigen PD-1, for each cluster (Fig. S42). - RMSD_binding_site: distributions of the root-mean-square deviation of the residues belonging to the paratope, for each cluster (Fig. S40, S47). - RMSD_matrix: root-mean-square deviation between structures belonging to different pairs of clusters (Fig. S9). - rmsf_antigen: root-mean-square fluctuation of the antigen PD-1, for each cluster (Fig. S42). - rmsf_hinge: difference between the total root-mean-square fluctuations of the two hinge segments, for each cluster (Fig. S38). - salt_bridge: distribution of distances between residues R979 and D1377 (Fig. 4). - sasa_domains: contact area between Fab and Fc antibody domains, for each cluster (Fig. S8). - sasa_hinge: solvent accessible surface area of each hinge segment, for each cluster (Fig. S37).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Genetic disruption of synthesis pathways of Arabidopsis secondary metabolites dramatically affects root-associated nematode populations directly and via modulation of microbial communities

Dataset of nematode, fungal and bacterial sequence reads of Arabidopsis roots. Dataset of fungal and bacterial sequence reads of Arabidopsis microbial suspension. DNA concentration of Arabidopsis root microbial suspension. Meloidogyne incognita J2 invasion into tomato roots. qPCR dataset of Meloidogyne hapla infection pressure into Arabidopsis roots.

Data From: Fear conditioning potentiates the Hippocampal CA1 commissural pathway In vivo and increases awake phase sleep

The hippocampus is essential for spatial learning and memory. To assess learning we used contextual fear conditioning (cFC), where animals learn to associate a place with aversive events like foot-shocks. Candidate memory mechanisms for cFC are long-term potentiation and long-term depression, but there is little direct evidence of them operating in the hippocampus in vivo following cFC. Also, little is known about the behavioral state changes induced by cFC. To address these issues, we recorded local field potentials in freely behaving mice by stimulating in the left dorsal CA1 region and recording in the right dorsal CA1 region. Synaptic strength in the commissural pathway was monitored by measuring field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) before and after cFC. After cFC, the commissural pathway's synaptic strength was potentiated. Although recordings occurred during the wake phase of the light/dark cycle, the mice slept more in the post-conditioning period than in the pre-conditioning period. Relative to awake periods, in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep the fEPSPs were larger in both pre- and post-conditioning periods. We also found a significant negative correlation between the animal's speed and fEPSP size. Therefore, to avoid confounds in the fEFSP potentiation estimates, we controlled for speed-related and sleep-related fEPSP changes and still found that cFC induced long-term potentiation, but no significant long-term depression. Synaptic strength changes were not found in the control group that simply explored the fear-conditioning chamber, indicating that exploration of the novel place did not produce the measurable effects caused by cFC. These results show that following cFC, the CA1 commissural pathway is potentiated, likely contributing to the functional integration of the left and right hippocampi in fear memory consolidation. In addition, the cFC paradigm produces significant changes in an animal's behavioral state, which are observable as proximal changes in sleep patterns.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Genetic variation influencing DNA methylation provides new insights into the molecular pathways regulating genomic function - Selected Supplementary Tables

Selected Supplementary Tables - ST5, 7, 8 and 9 Supplementary Table 5. Cosmopolitan results. Cosmopolitan SNP-CpG associations identified through genome-wide association amongst Europeans and South Asians. Supplementary Table 7. Cross-tissue replication. Results for further testing of the 11,165,559 cosmopolitan SNP-CpG associations identified (by genome-wide association in blood), in 4 isolated white cell subsets (CD4+ lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils), in adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue or visceral adipose tissue, and in whole adipose tissue. Supplementary Table 8. Conditional analysis. Results of conditional analysis to identify SNPs independently associated with each of the ~360K CpG sites tested.  Supplementary Table 9. Sentinel SNPs and CpGs. Results of R2 pruning and locus merging to identify discrete genetic and methylation loci that are associated, and their respective sentinel SNPs and sentinel CpG sites.  Other files (e.g. annotation files and 'intermediate' processing files) referenced in our code are also provided.

Data from: Evolutionary–phylogenetic pathway of the Cretaceous ammonite genus Aegocrioceras and its relationship to Juddiceras spp. and Crioceratites spp.

The systematics of ammonoids are complicated by their large degree of intra-specific variation, which complicates a stable validation of species. Aegocrioceras is a heteromorph ammonite from the Lower Saxony Basin in the Hauterivian Boreal, and a prime example of a genus with an unstable internal systematic and external relationship to other ammonoids. Here, we use quantitative morphometrics on Aegocrioceras species from an assemblage collected in the clay pit Resse (north-west Germany) to evaluate the systematics and phylogeny of this Cretaceous genus. We simplify the systematic of the genus into the three entities A. bicarinatum [m]/A. semicinctum [M] complex (which potentially contains A. quadratum as well), A. raricostatum and A. spathi. The most likely phylogeny coincides very well with the stratigraphic record of the species and implies anagenetic adaptations in A. raricostatum and A. spathi after the origin of the species. Aegocrioceras most likely derived from warm-water adapted Tethyan Crioceratites species, and Boreal Crioceratites are potentially warm-water adapted descendants of the cold-water adapted Aegocrioceras but may alternatively represent renewed Tethyan invasions. Our data imply that Aegocrioceras' success against incumbent ammonites in the Boreal was rooted in abiotic change (Court Jester) processes due to its high adaptability, while selection within the Aegocrioceras clade was more likely based on biotic interaction (Red Queen) processes.

Body size, trophic position, and the coupling of different energy pathways across a saltmarsh landscape

Here, we listed the bulk stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) and body size measurements of organisms that were analyzed in the manuscript "Body size, trophic position, and the coupling of different energy pathways across a saltmarsh landscape", published in Limnology and Oceanography Letters. Our dataset is a compilation of samplings obtained by the Southern Louisiana marsh food webs project within the Coastal Waters Consortium (CWC) II (Lopez-Duarte et al. 2017a [https://doi.org/10.7266/N7XS5SGD], Lopez-Duarte et al. 2017b [https://doi.org/10.7266/N79W0CJW], Polito et al. 2019 [https://doi.org/10.7266/n7-6277-1216]). The dataset consists of 1563 individual samples from 77 taxa, including basal sources (plants, phytoplankton, detritus, and microphytobenthos), fishes, invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, and spiders), infauna, seaside sparrows (Ammospiza maritima), and marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Samplings were conducted in three sites, Bay Sansbois, Bay Batiste, and West Pointe à la Hache, located in northeastern Barataria Bay. Bay Sansbois and Bay Batiste were sampled in May and October 2015, and May 2016, whereas West Pointe à la Hache was sampled only in May 2016. Body size measurements are available for 59% of all samples (52 taxa) while δ13C and δ15N are available for all samples.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Afrotropical Mydidae genera dichotomous, pathway key in SDD-format

Dichotomous, pathway key to genera of Afrotropical Mydidae developed with Lucid Builder v4 in XML Structure of Descriptive Data (SDD) format.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Namibimydas and Nothomydas dichotomous, pathway key in SDD-format

Dichotomous, pathway key to species of Namibimydas and Nothomydas developed with Lucid Builder v4 in XML Structure of Descriptive Data (SDD) format.

Data from: The complex synaptic pathways onto a looming-detector neuron revealed using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM)

The locust's lobula giant movement detector 1 (LGMD1) looming detector pathway is part of the compound eye visual system and enables the animals to reliably detect collisions. Trans-medullary afferent neurons are considered key players in this pathway. Thousands of these neurons connect the second visual neuropile region, or medulla, with the third neuropile region, or lobula complex. In the lobula complex they are in synaptic contact with the LGMD1, which forms a dendritic tree in the outer region of the lobula complex neuropile. In order to describe their anatomy and connectivity patterns with other upstream neurons of the LGMD1, we used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. We thus produced serial electron micrographs spanning from the dendritic tree in the outer lobula complex to the origin of the trans-medullary afferent neurons in the medulla. Starting from the LGMD1, we segmented and 3D-reconstructed entire trans-medullary afferents, as well as connecting neurons and other trans-medullary neurons nearby. This study was based on two datasets from different locusts of fourth instar. Here we provide the raw data for this study as .tiff stacks.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Severe environmental conditions create severe conflicts? A novel ecological pathway to extreme coyote attacks on humans

1) Identifying the circumstances and causes of carnivore attacks on humans is important for prevention of future incidents as well as employing effective wildlife management strategies. Cape Breton Highlands National Park (CBHNP) in Nova Scotia has experienced multiple attacks by coyotes (Canis latrans) on humans, including a fatal attack on an adult in 2009. 2) Here we use a combination of data on space use and diet collected from 2011–2013 to reveal that limited resources and a reliance on a large ungulate (moose, Alces americanus) as the mechanism leading to aggression by coyotes in CBHNP. 3) Resident coyotes exhibited large home range sizes (mean=77.5 km2) indicative of limited resources and spatiotemporal avoidance of human activity. Carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotope values of sub-sampled coyote whiskers (n=32), which provide a longitudinal record of diet over the months before collection, revealed little intra- and inter-individual variation with nearly all individuals specializing on moose, a pattern that agrees with indices of natural resource availability. Specifically, stable isotope mixing models show that moose was the most important prey for most coyotes (25/32), representing between 41% and 78% of dietary inputs. Only four coyotes exhibited use of anthropogenic resources (food), and only one of seven coyotes involved in attacks on people had been consuming human foods before the attacks. 4) Synthesis and Applications: We have described a unique ecological system in which a generalist carnivore has expanded its niche to specialize on a large prey species, with the unfortunate consequence of also expanding pathways to conflicts with people. Our results suggest extreme unprovoked predatory attacks by coyotes on people are likely to be quite rare and associated with unique ecological characteristics. Extreme management actions such as bounties are unnecessary, but managers may need to employ hazing or lethal removal earlier in the conflict process than under normal circumstances. Also, users of these areas should be made aware of the risks coyotes pose and encouraged to take precautions.