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1,051 results for “ring”
Data from: Towards a common methodology for developing logistic tree mortality models based on ring-width data
Tree mortality is a key process shaping forest dynamics. Thus, there is a growing need for indicators of the likelihood of tree death. During the last decades, an increasing number of tree-ring based studies have aimed to derive growth–mortality functions, mostly using logistic models. The results of these studies, however, are difficult to compare and synthesize due to the diversity of approaches used for the sampling strategy (number and characteristics of alive and death observations), the type of explanatory growth variables included (level, trend, etc.), and the length of the time window (number of years preceding the alive/death observation) that maximized the discrimination ability of each growth variable. We assess the implications of key methodological decisions when developing tree-ring based growth–mortality relationships using logistic mixed-effects regression models. As examples, we use published tree-ring datasets from Abies alba (13 different sites), Nothofagus dombeyi (one site), and Quercus petraea (one site). Our approach is based on a constant sampling size and aims at (1) assessing the dependency of growth–mortality relationships on the statistical sampling scheme used, (2) determining the type of explanatory growth variables that should be considered, and (3) identifying the best length of the time window used to calculate them. The performance of tree-ring-based mortality models was reasonably high for all three species (area under the receiving operator characteristics curve, AUC > 0.7). Growth level variables were the most important predictors of mortality probability for two species (A. alba, N. dombeyi), while growth-trend variables need to be considered for Q. petraea. In addition, the length of the time window used to calculate each growth variable was highly uncertain and depended on the sampling scheme, as some growth–mortality relationships varied with tree age. The present study accounts for the main sampling-related biases to determine reliable species-specific growth–mortality relationships. Our results highlight the importance of using a sampling strategy that is consistent with the research question. Moving towards a common methodology for developing reliable growth–mortality relationships is an important step towards improving our understanding of tree mortality across species and its representation in dynamic vegetation models.
Data from: Rapid morphological changes, admixture and invasive success in populations of Ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula krameri) established in Europe
The Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri), native of Asia and Africa, is a very successful invasive species in Europe: it has been present there for over 50 years. A recent study showed that European invasive populations occupy a colder climatic niche than in their native range but the establishment of this tropical species in temperate regions remains unexplained. Two main hypotheses may explain the success of Ring-necked parakeet in Europe: admixture between individuals from different origins and/or rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated with molecular data the origin of European populations of Ring-necked parakeets to assess whether these populations result from admixture between individuals from different source populations. We also investigated the morphology of individuals from European populations and from the native range to assess whether the invasive populations have morphologically diverged from their source and could have become adapted to European conditions. We found evidence of admixture in some of the European populations but not all of them. Admixture between individuals from different origins within European populations thus cannot explain alone their invasive success. Conversely, we found that the morphology of the individuals from European populations has diverged from the morphology of native individuals, in a similar direction. Rapid adaptation to European environmental conditions via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection could thus be a factor explaining the invasive success of Ring-necked parakeets in Europe.
Data from: The genetic basis of color-related local adaptation in a ring-like colonization around the Mediterranean
Uncovering the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and the population history under which it established is key to understand the trajectories along which local adaptation evolves. Here, we investigated the genetic basis and evolutionary history of a clinal plumage color polymorphism in European barn owls (Tyto alba). Our results suggest that barn owls colonized the Western Palearctic in a ring-like manner around the Mediterranean and meet in secondary contact in Greece. Rufous coloration appears to be linked to a recently evolved non-synonymous derived variant of the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) gene, which according to quantitative genetic analyses evolved under local adaptation during or following the colonization of Central Europe. Admixture patterns and linkage disequilibrium between the neutral genetic background and color found exclusively within the secondary contact zone suggest limited introgression at secondary contact. These results from a system reminiscent of ring species provide a striking example of how local adaptation can evolve from derived genetic variation.
Data from: The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) revisited: data availability and global ecological representativity
Aim: The International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) is the most comprehensive database of tree growth. To evaluate its usefulness and improve its accessibility to the broad scientific community, we aimed to: i) quantify its biases, ii) assess how well it represents global forests, iii) develop tools to identify priority areas to improve its representativity, and iv) make available the corrected database. Location: Worldwide. Time period: Contributed datasets between 1974 and 2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We identified and corrected formatting issues in all individual datasets of the ITRDB. We then calculated the representativity of the ITRDB with respect to species, spatial coverage, climatic regions, elevations, need for data update, climatic limitations on growth, vascular plant diversity, and associated animal diversity. We combined these metrics into a global Priority Sampling Index (PSI) to highlight ways to improve ITRDB representativity. Results: Our refined dataset provides access to a network of >52 million growth data points worldwide. We found, however, that the database is dominated by trees from forests with low diversity, in semi-arid climates, coniferous species, and in western North America. Conifers represented 81% of the ITRDB and even in well sampled areas, broadleaves were poorly represented. Our PSI stressed the need to increase the database diversity in terms of broadleaf species and identified poorly represented regions that require scientific attention. Great gains will be made by increasing research and data sharing in African, Asian, and South American forests. Main conclusions: The extensive data and coverage of the ITRDB shows great promise to address macroecological questions. To achieve this, however, we have to overcome the significant gaps in the representativity of the ITRDB. A strategic and organized group effort is required, and we hope the tools and data provided here can guide the efforts to improve this invaluable database.
Data from: Recurrent selection explains parallel evolution of genomic regions of high relative but low absolute differentiation in a ring species
Recent technological developments allow investigation of the repeatability of evolution at the genomic level. Such investigation is particularly powerful when applied to a ring species, in which spatial variation represents changes during the evolution of two species from one. We examined genomic variation among three subspecies of the greenish warbler ring species, using genotypes at 13 013 950 nucleotide sites along a new greenish warbler consensus genome assembly. Genomic regions of low within-group variation are remarkably consistent between the three populations. These regions show high relative differentiation but low absolute differentiation between populations. Comparisons with outgroup species show the locations of these peaks of relative differentiation are not well explained by phylogenetically conserved variation in recombination rates or selection. These patterns are consistent with a model in which selection in an ancestral form has reduced variation at some parts of the genome, and those same regions experience recurrent selection that subsequently reduces variation within each subspecies. The degree of heterogeneity in nucleotide diversity is greater than explained by models of background selection, but is consistent with selective sweeps. Given the evidence that greenish warblers have had both population differentiation for a long period of time and periods of gene flow between those populations, we propose that some genomic regions underwent selective sweeps over a broad geographic area followed by within-population selection-induced reductions in variation. An important implication of this 'sweep-before-differentiation' model is that genomic regions of high relative differentiation may have moved among populations more recently than other genomic regions.
Data from: Combined genetic and telemetry data reveal high rates of gene flow, migration, and long-distance dispersal potential in Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida)
Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are broadly distributed in seasonally ice covered seas, and their survival and reproductive success is intricately linked to sea ice and snow. Climatic warming is diminishing Arctic snow and sea ice and threatens to endanger ringed seals in the foreseeable future. We investigated the population structure and connectedness within and among three subspecies: Arctic (P. hispida hispida), Baltic (P. hispida botnica), and Lake Saimaa (P. hispida saimensis) ringed seals to assess their capacity to respond to rapid environmental changes. We consider (a) the geographical scale of migration, (b) use of sea ice, and (c) the amount of gene flow between subspecies. Seasonal movements and use of sea ice were determined for 27 seals tracked via satellite telemetry. Additionally, population genetic analyses were conducted using 354 seals representative of each subspecies and 11 breeding sites. Genetic analyses included sequences from two mitochondrial regions and genotypes of 9 microsatellite loci. We found that ringed seals disperse on a pan-Arctic scale and both males and females may migrate long distances during the summer months when sea ice extent is minimal. Gene flow among Arctic breeding sites and between the Arctic and the Baltic Sea subspecies was high; these two subspecies are interconnected as are breeding sites within the Arctic subspecies.
Medieval ring
Old medieval ring with dark red diamond Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
XCB-105-3615 Nose ring, Adamagan, Alaska
Nose ring, Adamagan, Western Alaska Peninsula, Alaska CAT#XCB-105-3615 Adamagan Phase 400-100 BCE XCB-105 Adamagan (Aleut for place of walrus hunters) is at the head of Morzhovoi Bay, on the lands of the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. It is a massive village with multiple occupations. When it was occupied 400-100 BCE, it was the largest village in the arctic with an estimated 1000 people. The Western Alaska Peninsula artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 9630072, NSF 9814086, NSF 9996372, NSF 9996415, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Engagement Ring INVERTED
The idea here is that what ever color stone you choose to be inverted will play on the center stone, slightly changing the color and the amount of visible facets. This will increase the color tones and the visible fire to whatever stone you choose to be in the center as well as boosting the overall beauty! I would suggest that you use a diamond in the center so that it will pick the color and extra facets from the bottom inverted stone. Give me feedback and let me know if you like this design! Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Devil's Ring & Finger
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Tree runes on Stone, Ring of Brodgar, Orkney
This model is of the stump of standing stone that forms part of the Ring of Brodgar, a Neolithic stone circle in the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage site. The inner face of the stone is incised with Viking tree runes, which are believed to be a name, and below these a cross has been carved. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Blarnaboard, Panel 2 - Cup & Ring Marked Rock
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Iron Age Ring, Castilla La Mancha, Spain
Silver ring with sphinx decoration on the chaton from the site of Alarcos, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Iron Age. In the collection of the Ciudad Real Museum. Catalog number DO000160. Processed in Reality Capture from 459 images. Necropolis of Alarcos II (Grave 7) 3rd-1st centuries BCE Citation: De la muerte a la eternidad: la necrópolis ibérica de Alarcos (Ciudad Real), 2018: 138-139" This work is part of the collaboration agreement signed in 2020 between the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and Global Digital Heritage for the digitization of the Cultural Heritage of Castilla-La Mancha region. We want to publicly thank the collaboration of the Museum of Ciudad Real, especially by its director José Ignacio de la Torre. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Balrnaboard, Panel 4 - Cup & Ring Marked Rock
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 28 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURE 28. Map showing location of type locality of Dobrodesmus mirabilis. Expansion is of Bahia State; red is known extent of formations of the Una Group, black is Ituaçu Municipality. Arrow indicates location of Mangebeira Cave.
FIGURES 23–27 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURES 23–27. Habitat of Dobrodesmus mirabilis in Mangebeira Cave. Fig 23, course of Mangebeira Cave (red) superimposed on aerial view, with part of municipality of Ituaçu. Fig 24, sinkhole entrance to the cave showing modifications for religious purposes. Fig 25, chapel area inside cave. Fig 26, pilgrims visiting the cave. Fig 27, deeper interior of the cave, with speleothems, close to collection locality of D. mirabilis holotype.
FIGURES 19–22. Fig 19 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURES 19–22. Fig 19, gonopods of Dobrodesmus mirabilis, posterior view. Fig 20, gonopods of Dobrodesmus mirabilis, anterior view. Fig 21, male, dorsal view, diplosegments numbered; t, telson. Fig 22, gonopods of Eostemmiulus caecus, (Stemmiulida, Stemmiulidae), posterior view. Abbreviations as for Fig 16; Fig 22 redrawn from Mauriès et al. (2010).
FIGURE 2. A. Madreporite and C. Calcareous ring from the holotype UNAM-ICML 5.179.0 in Holothuria (Selenkothuria) carere, a new species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Mexican Pacific
FIGURE 2. A. Madreporite and C. Calcareous ring from the holotype UNAM-ICML 5.179.0. Scale in A and B = 1 mm.
FIGURES 1–5 in Stenonartonia tekoraava sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), a new member of a typical Amazonian mimicry ring
FIGURES 1–5. Stenonartonia tekoraava sp. nov. Female holotype. 1. Habitus, dorsal view. 2. Habitus, lateral view. 3. Head, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, dorsolateral view. 5. Scutellum, metanotum, tegula and posterior half of mesoscutum, dorsolateral view.
FIGURES 12, 13. Dobrodesmus mirabilis. Fig 12 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURES 12, 13. Dobrodesmus mirabilis. Fig 12, ventral view of right lateral part of midbody segment, showing positions of spiracles. Abbreviations: as, anterior spiracle; ps, posterior spiracle. Fig 13. Posterior spiracle.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.