Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 39 in Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus

Figure 39. Dermatobranchus caesitius sp. nov. Reproductive system, SAM A35750, Umgazana, South Africa. a, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fg, female gland mass; pr, prostate; ps, penial sheath; v, vagina; vd, vaginal duct. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figure 36 in Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus

Figure 36. Dermatobranchus caeruleomaculatus sp. nov. Prey sclerite and buccal armature, CASIZ 177481, Mabini, Philippines. A, sclerite of Dendronephthya sp. prey from digestive tract; B, jaw; C, entire radula; D, central portion of radula; E, middle lateral teeth; F, outer radular teeth.

Figure 4. Armina paucifoliata Baba, 1955. Buccal armature, CASIZ 171415. A in Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus

Figure 4. Armina paucifoliata Baba, 1955. Buccal armature, CASIZ 171415. A, jaws; B, masticatory margin; C, whole radula; D, central portion of radula; E, middle lateral teeth; F, outer lateral teeth.

Figure 3. Armina magna Baba, 1955. Reproductive system, CASIZ 173357 in Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus

Figure 3. Armina magna Baba, 1955. Reproductive system, CASIZ 173357. am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fg, female gland mass; mc, muscular collar; p, penis; pr, prostate; v, vagina; vd, vaginal duct. Scale bar = 1.17 mm.

Figure 2. Armina magna Baba, 1955. Buccal armature, CASIZ 173357. A in Previously undocumented diversity and abundance of cryptic species: a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Arminidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with descriptions of 20 new species of Dermatobranchus

Figure 2. Armina magna Baba, 1955. Buccal armature, CASIZ 173357. A, jaws; B, masticatory margin; C, whole radula; D, central portion of radula; E, middle lateral teeth; F, outer lateral teeth.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Interactions with soil fungi alter density-dependence and neighborhood effects in a locally abundant dipterocarp species

Seedling recruitment can be strongly affected by the composition of nearby plant species. At the neighborhood scale (on the order of tens of meters), adult conspecifics can modify soil chemistry and presence of host microbes (pathogens and mutualists) across their combined canopy area or rooting zones. At local or small spatial scales (on the order of one to few meters), conspecific seed or seedling density can influence the strength of intraspecific light and resource competition and also modify the density-dependent spread of natural enemies such as pathogens or invertebrate predators. Intrinsic correlation between proximity to adult conspecifics (i.e. recruitment neighborhood) and local seedling density, arising from dispersal, make it difficult to separate the independent and interactive factors that contribute to recruitment success. Here, we present a field experiment in which we manipulated both the recruitment neighborhood and seedling density to explore how they interact to influence the growth and survival of Dryobalanops aromatica, a dominant ectomycorrhizal tree species in a Bornean tropical rainforest. First, we found that both local seedling density and recruitment neighborhood had effects on performance of D. aromatica seedlings, though the nature of these impacts varied between growth and survival. Second, we did not find strong evidence that the effect of density on seedling survival is dependent on the presence of conspecific adult trees. However, accumulation of mutualistic fungi beneath conspecifics adults does facilitate establishment of D. aromatica seedlings. In total, our results suggest that recruitment near adult conspecifics was not associated with a performance cost and may have weakly benefitted recruiting seedlings. Positive effects of conspecifics may be a factor facilitating the regional hyperabundance of this species. Synthesis: Our results provide support for the idea that dominant species in diverse forests may escape the localized recruitment suppression that limits abundance in rarer species.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Cations make a difference: Soil nutrient patches and fine-scale root abundance of individual species in a mountain grassland

1. Root densities in the field vary at the centimetre scale, but we have no information on whether this variation is linked to variation in nutrient concentrations and availability. Roots of many species are able to proliferate in nutrient-rich patches in controlled conditions in culture, but because data on nutrient concentrations and, in particular, on their temporal stability in the field are scarce, we do not know to what extent root distribution in the soil bears traces of such a response. 2. Here, we linked centimetre-scale measurements of soil nutrient concentrations over a period of 6 weeks with estimation of root biomass and its species composition at the same points to determine whether there is any association between the two. In addition to phosphorus, nitrate and ammonium, we determined the concentrations of metal cations (magnesium, calcium and potassium). We used qPCR to determine the quantities of individual species in the root biomass samples. 3. We found that calcium and magnesium (and to a lesser degree phosphorus and potassium) showed fine-scale patchiness that was stable over the duration of the study (6 weeks) and was consistent over all these elements. Nutrient patches were associated with high root biomass and the occurrence of roots of several species. Such patches are formed primarily by elements with known low mobility in soil (cations, phosphorus). In contrast, nitrogen ions showed overwhelmingly high temporal variation with no relationship between root density and nitrogen concentration. 4. Soil nutrient concentrations thus constitute a multidimensional signal. Some elements strongly vary in time, while some are much more stable and thus form stable patches that permit root response over periods of weeks or months. Among them, calcium and magnesium play an important role in forming soil heterogeneity at a scale comparable to the scale at which fine root densities also vary. As these cations affect a number of plant functions, their association with higher root densities confirms their role in growth dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Abundance variations within feeding guilds reveal ecological mechanisms behind avian species richness pattern along the elevational gradient of Mount Cameroon

Two distinct diversity patterns are observed along tropical elevations: (a) decreasing number of species towards high elevations and (b) a hump-shaped pattern with the peak at mid-elevations. As diversity is likely supported by ecological capacity of the environment, decomposition of the overall richness into ecological facets and considering number of individuals within them is crucial for the proper understanding of richness patterns. We examined abundances of different avian guilds along the forested part of the elevational gradient on Mt. Cameroon. We (a) compared richness and abundance elevational patterns, (b) assessed the effective contribution of multiple guilds to richness and abundance patterns, and (b) assessed to which extent observed abundances of guilds differ from those expected by chance. We sampled birds in 2011–2015 during the dry season at seven elevations (30 m, 350 m, 650 m, 1100 m, 1500 m, 1850 m, 2200 m a.s.l.). For each assemblage, we estimated proportions of species and individuals that use particular diets, foraging modes, and feeding strata. We found that a rather decreasing pattern of species richness turns into a hump-shaped one if we look at the total abundances, implying different mechanisms behind these patterns. The number of species and individuals thus do not seem to be directly related, contrary to 'the more-individuals hypothesis'. Abundances of foliage gleaners at mid-elevations, nectarivores at high elevations, and frugivores at low elevations deviated from random expectations. Our results suggest that parts of ecological space are filled partly separately by bird species and individuals along elevation of Mt. Cameroon.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Bold Park reptile species capture data for: Decadal abundance patterns in an isolated urban reptile assemblage: Monitoring under a changing climate

Fenced pitfall trapping in four sampling sites representing different habitats and fire history over the primary reptile activity period for 35 consecutive years with over 17000 individuals captured during 3300 days of sampling; the trapping regime was modified for the last 28 years.

opennotspecifiedJun 2023View details →

FIGURE 1. A in Pristurus guweirensis Haas, 1943 (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae): the most abundant and widely distributed species of Pristurus previously referred to as Pristurus sp. 1

FIGURE 1. A) Dorsal view, gular region and tail section of Pristurus rupestris, P. guweirensis stat. nov. and P. migiurtinicus (MSNM Re97) females, respectively. As can be seen from all the photographs deposited in MorphoBank (Supp. Table 1), the dorsal pattern in P. guweirensis stat. nov. and P. rupestris is quite variable. B) Distribution range of P. rupestris (blue), P. guweirensis stat. nov. (green), and P. migiurtinicus (red; known only from a single locality). Stars show the type locality for each species. The question mark shows the locality of an unconfirmed P. flavipunctatus species complex specimen (assigned to "P. rupestris" by Scortecci, 1935).