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Fig. 13 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 13. Tympanopleura cryptica, new species. (a) holotype, MUSM 47102 (84.9 mm SL), pre-nuptial male, río Orosa, Loreto Region, Peru; (b) paratype, INPA 35926 (65.3 mm SL), nuptial male, rio Purus, Amazonas State, Brazil.

Fig. 3 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 3. Neurocranium of Tympanopleura atronasus in dorsal view, UF 185769 (91.0 mm SL). Abbreviations: epo, epioccipital; epo-p, posterior process of epioccipital. fro, frontal; io, infraorbital; let, lateral ethmoid; mes, mesethmoid; mnp, median nuchal plate; nas, nasal; pal, autopalatine; pma, premaxilla; pnp, posterior nuchal plate; pto, pterotic; scl, posttemporal-supracleithrum; soc, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 11. Tympanopleura brevis, ANSP 194010 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 11. Tympanopleura brevis, ANSP 194010 (68.5 mm SL), prenuptial male, rio Jutai, Amazonas State, Brazil.

Fig. 2 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 2. Neurocranium of Tympanopleura rondoni in dorsal view, FMNH 58144 (50.3 mm SL; paratype of Ageneiosus madeirensis). Abbreviations: epo, epioccipital; epo-p, posterior process of epioccipital. fro, frontal; io, infraorbital; let, lateral ethmoid; mes, mesethmoid; mnp, median nuchal plate; nas, nasal; pal, autopalatine; pma, premaxilla; pnp, posterior nuchal plate; pto, pterotic; scl, posttemporalsupracleithrum; soc, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 1 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 1. Dorsal and ventral head profiles of species of Tympanopleura: (a) T. atronasus, INHS 106400 (82.4 mm SL); (b) T. brevis, ANSP 194010 (63.3 mm SL); (c) T. cryptica, INHS 40163 (84.9 mm SL); (d) T. longipinna, MZUSP 114000 (73.0 mm SL, holotype); (e) T. piperata, ANSP 194022 (45.6 mm SL); (f) T. rondoni, ANSP 194015 (75.3 mm SL). Scale bars: a-d, f = 1 cm; e = 5 mm.

Fig. 15 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 15. Distribution of Tympanopleura longipinna (stars) and T. piperata (inverted triangles) based on material examined. Open symbols indicate type localities. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality.

Fig. 6 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 6. Most important ecomorphological attributes for Brycon orbignyanus in the morphological differentiation among treatments, according to the ANOVA and the DCA, concomitantly. Treatments with a different letter above their ranges differed significantly.

Fig. 3 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 3. Condition factors (CFs) for Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. The ANOVA was significant for both species (p <0.0001), demonstrating significant differences among the treatments. The results of the Tukey tests specifying which CFs were different from each other is demonstrated by the letters A, B, and C. Different letters indicate significant differences among the treatments.

Fig. 4. Composite phylogenetic hypothesis for 33 in Phylogenetic signal and major ecological shifts in the ecomorphological structure of stream fish in two river basins in Brazil

Fig. 4. Composite phylogenetic hypothesis for 33 stream fish species based on six different studies. Solid circles indicate six taxonomic groups that were significant in the canonical phylogenetic ordination (CPO); they are numerically labeled as follows: 1, Siluriformes/Characiformes; 2, Loricariidae; 3, Farlowella/Rineloricaria; 4, Characidae; 5, Hypostominae; 6, Pimelodella/Rhamdia.

Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic signal and major ecological shifts in the ecomorphological structure of stream fish in two river basins in Brazil

Fig. 3. Projection of the first three PCA axes based on 14 ecomorphological attributes for the following fish species from the upper São Francisco River, Brazil: Apaibi, Apareiodon ibitiensis; Astriv, Astyanax rivularis; Cetihe, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi; Chafas, Characidium fasciatum; Crevar, Creagrutus aff. varii; Harnov, Harttia cf. novalimensis; Micsp, Microlepidogaster sp.; Neofra, Neoplecostomus franciscoensis; Piaarg, Piabina argentea; Tribra, Trichomycterus brasiliensis; Trirei, Trichomycterus reinhardti and Trivar, Trichomycterus variegatus. The figures in black indicate the most representative ecomorphotypes.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic signal and major ecological shifts in the ecomorphological structure of stream fish in two river basins in Brazil

Fig. 2. Projection of the first two PCA axes based on 14 ecomorphological attributes for the following fish species from the upper Paraguai River, Brazil: Ancsp, Ancistrus sp.; Astasu, Astyanax asuncionensis; Astlin, A. lineatus; Astsp, Astyanax sp.; Chafas, Characidium fasciatum; Chazeb, C. zebra; Cremer, Creagrutus meridionalis; Farpar, Farlowella paraguayensis; Hyplue, Hyphessobrycon luetkenii; Hypbou, Hypostomus boulengeri; Hypcoc, Hypostomus cochliodon; Hypsp, Hypostomus sp.; Jupaca, Jupiaba acanthogaster; Moebon, Moenkhausia bonita; Moesan, M. sanctaefilomenae; Odopeq, Odontostilbe pequira; Parnas, Parodon nasus; Piator, Piabarchus torrenticola; Pimgra, Pimelodella gracilis; Rhaque, Rhamdia quelen; Rinlan, Rineloricaria lanceolata; and Sercal, Serrapinnus calliurus. The figures in black indicate the most representative ecomorphotypes.

Fig. 5 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 5. Most important ecomorphological attributes for Prochilodus lineatus in the morphological differentiation among treatments, according to the ANOVA and the DCA, concomitantly. Treatments with a different letter above their ranges differed significantly.

Fig. 7 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 7. The log of the distance from the centroid plus 1 [log (DC+1)] for Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. The ANOVA was significant for both species (p <0.0001), demonstrating significant differences among the treatments. The results of the Tukey tests, specifying which DCs were different from each other, are demonstrated by the letters A, B, and C. Different letters indicate significant differences among the treatments.

Fig. 4 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 4. Projection of the four treatments [C = control; L = logs; M = macrophytes; and B = both (logs+macrophytes)] in the first two axes of the Principal Component Analysis for Prochilodus lineatus and for Brycon orbignyanus.

Fig. 1 in Phylogenetic signal and major ecological shifts in the ecomorphological structure of stream fish in two river basins in Brazil

Fig. 1. Study area with the sampling sites at the upper Paraguai and upper São Francisco River basins. BOD: Serra da Bodoquena National Park; CAN: Serra da Canastra National Park; MG: Minas Gerais State; MS: Mato Grosso do Sul State; PG 1-6: sampling locations in the upper Paraguai River basin; SF 1-6: sampling locations in the upper São Francisco River basin.

Fig. 3 in Two new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from northeastern Brazilian coastal drainages

Fig. 3. Map of distribution of Characidium kamakan (black and white symbols) and C. deludens (red symbols) in middle and lower rio Pardo basin and upper rio Paraguaçu basin, respectively, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil; type localities indicated by stars.

Fig. 6 in Two new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from northeastern Brazilian coastal drainages

Fig. 6. Pelvic and anal fins of Characidium deludens, parat y pes, U FBA 3850: (a) male, 35.3 mm SL, and (b) female, 36.1 mm SL.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from northeastern Brazilian coastal drainages

Fig. 2. Pseudotympanum of (a) Characidium kamakan, paratype, UFBA 5679, 45.7 mm SL, and (b) C. deludens, parat y pe, U FBA 3850, 41.9 m m SL. Number corresponds to the pleural rib of the 5th vertebra. Lef t side, anterior to left. Overlying skin, adipose tissue, and lateral-line nerve removed.

Fig. 5 in Two new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from northeastern Brazilian coastal drainages

Fig. 5. Characidium deludens, holotype, MZUSP 115009, 48.3 mm SL, female, Brazil, Bahia, Piatã, rio Cochó, tributary of upper rio Paraguaçu basin: (a) lateral and (b) dorsal views.

Fig. 1 in Two new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from northeastern Brazilian coastal drainages

Fig. 1. Characidium kamakan, holotype, MZUSP 115000, 51.9 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, rio Panelão, tributary of lower rio Pardo basin.