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4,182 results for “universities”
Refined DNA Repair Manipulation Enables a Universal Knock-in Strategy in Mouse Embryos
GEO Series GSE297792. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Millersville University Upper Air Radiosondes IMPACTS V1
The Millersville University Upper Air Radiosondes IMPACTS dataset contains atmospheric temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, and wind direction measurements using Vaisala’s Radiosonde RS41-SGP and Sparv Embedded S1H3 Windsond during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to advance prediction capabilities significantly. Data are available from January 16, 2022, through February 28, 2023 in ASCII format.
University of Wisconsin Antarctic Soils Database, Version 1
The University of Wisconsin Antarctic Soils Database contains data collected by Dr. James G. Bockheim and his colleagues from 1975 through 1987. Data include site information, air and soil temperature measurements, soil profile features, and surface boulder weathering features for 482 sites in the McMurdo Sound area of Antarctica. Soil profile descriptions are provided for soils inside the McMurdo Dry Valleys from 23 December 1975 to 22 December 1987, and outside the Dry Valleys from 13 November 1978 to 04 January 1986. Chemical and physical properties of soils at 214 sites are also provided. The study area is confined to 77 deg 7.5 min S to 78 deg S, 160 deg E to 164 deg E. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII text format, and are available via ftp.
DISCOVER-AQ Maryland University of Maryland Cessna Aircraft Data
DISCOVERAQ_Maryland_UMDAircraft_Data contains data collected onboard the University of Maryland Cessna aircraft during NASA's DISCOVER-AQ field study. This data product contains data for only the Maryland deployment and data collection is complete.Understanding the factors that contribute to near surface pollution is difficult using only satellite-based observations. The incorporation of surface-level measurements from aircraft and ground-based platforms provides the crucial information necessary to validate and expand upon the use of satellites in understanding near surface pollution. Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) was a four-year campaign conducted in collaboration between NASA Langley Research Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Ames Research Center, and multiple universities to improve the use of satellites to monitor air quality for public health and environmental benefit. Through targeted airborne and ground-based observations, DISCOVER-AQ enabled more effective use of current and future satellites to diagnose ground level conditions influencing air quality.DISCOVER-AQ employed two NASA aircraft, the P-3B and King Air, with the P-3B completing in-situ spiral profiling of the atmosphere (aerosol properties, meteorological variables, and trace gas species). The King Air conducted both passive and active remote sensing of the atmospheric column extending below the aircraft to the surface. Data from an existing network of surface air quality monitors, AERONET sun photometers, Pandora UV/vis spectrometers and model simulations were also collected. Further, DISCOVER-AQ employed many surface monitoring sites, with measurements being made on the ground, in conjunction with the aircraft. The B200 and P-3B conducted flights in Baltimore-Washington, D.C. in 2011, Houston, TX in 2013, San Joaquin Valley, CA in 2013, and Denver, CO in 2014. These regions were targeted due to being in violation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).The first objective of DISCOVER-AQ was to determine and investigate correlations between surface measurements and satellite column observations for the trace gases ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (CH2O) to understand how satellite column observations can diagnose surface conditions. DISCOVER-AQ also had the objective of using surface-level measurements to understand how satellites measure diurnal variability and to understand what factors control diurnal variability. Lastly, DISCOVER-AQ aimed to explore horizontal scales of variability, such as regions with steep gradients and urban plumes.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) Colorado State University (CSU) Ceilometer Data (FIRE_AX_CSU_CEILOM)
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987) a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observationswith modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud system.The Belfort Laser Ceilometer was operated during FIRE ASTEX on Porto Santo, Madeira. It utilized a 20 watt near-infrared Gallium-Arsenide laser operating at a wavelength of 0.91 microns to detect cloud base height. It employed 1024 range gates which yield a vertical resolution of 25 feet up to a maximum range of 25,600 feet. The fields of view of the transmitter and receiver are approximately 1 degree.The ceilometer used a measured noise level to determine a count (-1,0,1) which is then summed for each gate. This histogram is the basic output from which the cloud base height is estimated.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase I University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 24 Hertz Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The University of North Dakota owns and operates a Cessna Citation II aircraft (N77ND) for the purpose of atmospheric research. This aircraft type has a number of design and performance characteristics which make it an ideal platform for a wide range of atmospheric studies. A series of structural modifications have been made to the basic airplane. These include the following: pylons under the wing tips for a variety of probes in the undisturbed air flow away from the fuselage; a nose boom for wind measurement; a heated radome to prevent ice accumulation on the nose area; special mounts for upward and downward looking radiometers; side-facing camera mounts for time-lapse cameras; optically-flat glass windows for photography; and an air inlet port for air sampling inside the pressurized cabin. The research instrumentation available on the Citation for the second Cirrus IFO is described below.For more information about the UND Citation see http://cumulus.atmos.und.edu/The data contained in the following file is 24 hertz data from the UND Citation II Weather Research Aircraft. Each record has 24 values of sixteen variables.The data order is:Number Variable Units24 values Date yymmdd24 values Time seconds from midnight24 values Pitotpressure, Nose millibars24 values Pitotpressure, Wing millibars24 values Vertical acceleration meters/second/second24 values Vertical wind meters/second24 values Static pressure millibars24 values Air temperature, Rosemount Celcius24 values True heading degrees24 values Wind direction degrees24 values Wind velocity meters/second24 values Angle of attack degrees24 values Angle of sideslip degrees24 values Replicator film speed24 values Replicator frame count24 values Replicator event mark
NARSTO EPA Supersite (SS) Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) LIDAR Backscatter and Mixing Height Data
The NARSTO_EPA_SS_BALTIMORE_JHU_MET_DATA is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) LIDAR Backscatter and Mixing Height Data product. This product contains measurements that were taken from May 2001 to September 2002 during the Baltimore Experiment of the EPA Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites Program by the JHU, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering. A miniature elastic backscatter LIDAR was operated at several Baltimore locations in the vertical mode with typical resolution range of 3 m, typical time steps of 5 seconds, and ranges of 4.5-8 km. All vertical profile measurements of aerosol backscatter were taken during daytime with continuous sampling and can be used to describe composition, dynamics, and extent of the mixing layer and the air aloft. Mixing heights were determined from profile data under cloud-free conditions. Included in this data set are the large ASCII files of the aerosol backscatter data, the calculated mixing height data, and a companion HTML application with color images of the LIDAR profiles of the backscatter signals from aerosols. The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program from 1999-2004 designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods.NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.
NARSTO EPA Supersite (SS) Atlanta 1999 University of Alabama-Huntsville (UAH) Mobile Integrated Profiling System (MIPS) Wind Data
NARSTO_EPA_SS_ATLANTA_1999_UAH_MIPS_DATA is the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Supersite (SS) Atlanta 1999 University of Alabama-Huntsville (UAH) Mobile Integrated Profiling System (MIPS) Wind Data product. Files for this data product were obtained from July to September 1999 during the Atlanta Experiment of the EPA Particulate Matter Supersites Program. The UAH MIPS Doppler profiler (915 MHz radar) was used to estimate the vertical distribution of horizontal wind speed and wind direction. Radial velocity along six beams was used to obtain the horizontal wind speed and wind direction. The consensus averaging time was 55 minutes, the number of beams is 6, and the number of range gates was 41. For beam 1, the number of records required to make consensus was 16, the total number of records was 26, and the consensus window size was 4 m/s. For beams 2 and 3, the number of records required to make consensus was 13, the total number of records was 26, and the consensus window size was 3 m/s. There was no data for beams 4 and 5. For beam 6, the number of records required to make consensus was 16, the total number of records was 26 and the consensus window size was 3 m/s. The azimuth and elevation for beams 1 to 6 were: 358 and 90; 88 and 66.4; 178 and 66.4; none; none; 88 and 90.The EPA selected Atlanta as one of the first Supersites Programs dedicated to the study of fine particles (or Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5). The Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) in conjunction with the Georgia Institute of Technology, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department developed and implemented the scientific research plan for this initial Supersites Program effort. The Atlanta field experiment was a 4-week long campaign aimed at comprehensively addressing issues related to the measurement and characterization of fine particles in the polluted or urban atmosphere. The experiment took place during the August 1999 and deployed a wide array of instrumentation at a measurement site located on Jefferson Street in Midtown Atlanta. Goals of the Atlanta Supersite Program were twofold: first, to provide a platform for testing and contrasting some of the newer particle measurement techniques; and second, to provide data to advance our scientific understanding of atmospheric processes regarding atmospheric particles. Specific objectives were: (1) to characterize the performance of emerging and/or state-of-the-science PM Measurements; (2) to compare and contrast similar and dissimilar PM Measurements; (3) to evaluate the precision, accuracy, and completeness of information that can be gained from the planned EPA PM mass and chemical composition networks; (4) to evaluate the scientific information gained by combining various independent and complementary PM Measurements; and (5) to address various scientific issues and their ozone- and PM-related policy implications with this data base.The EPA PM Supersites Program was an ambient air monitoring research program from 1999-2004 designed to provide information of value to the atmospheric sciences, and human health and exposure research communities. Eight geographically diverse projects were chosen to specifically address the following EPA research priorities: (1) to characterize PM, its constituents, precursors, co-pollutants, atmospheric transport, and its source categories that affect the PM in any region; (2) to address the research questions and scientific uncertainties about PM source-receptor and exposure-health effects relationships; and (3) to compare and evaluate different methods of characterizing PM including testing new and emerging measurement methods.NARSTO, which has since disbanded, was a public/private partnership, whose membership spanned across government, utilities, industry, and academe throughout Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The primary mission was to coordinate and enhance policy-relevant scientific research and assessment of tropospheric pollution behavior; activities provide input for science-based decision-making and determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional air-pollution management. Data products from local, regional, and international monitoring and research programs are still available.
Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation Brazil (SCAR-B) University of Washington C131A Data
SCAR_B_UWC131A data are Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation Experiment in Brazil data from instruments on board the University of Washington C131A aircraft in Native format.Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation - Brazil (SCAR-B) data include physical and chemical components of the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and the radiation field collected in Brazil with an emphasis in biomass burning.The objectives for the SCAR mission are: to advance our knowledge of how the physical, chemical and radiative processes in our atmosphere are affected by sulfate aerosol and smoke from biomass burning; to improve our expertise at remotely sensing smoke, water vapor, clouds, vegetation and fires; and to assess the effects of deforestation and biomass burning on tropical landscapes.From 17 August to 20 September 1995, the University of Washington's (UW) Cloud and Aerosol Research Group, with its Convair C-131A research aircraft, participated in an intensive field study of smoke emissions from various types of biomass burning over a large area of Brazil. This included 29 flights to collect measurements and photographs.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) University of Washington C-131A Aircraft Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments (FIRE) have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To date, four intensive field observation (IFO) periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The development of parameterizations requires an understanding of the processes that generate, maintain, and dissipate boundary layer clouds. This development is currently impeded by lack of understanding of the transition from stratocumulus clouds to trade cumulus clouds and the factors that control cloud type and amount in the boundary layer. The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition EXperiment (ASTEX) was designed to address key issues related to stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition and mode selection. ASTEX involved intensive measurements from several platforms operating from 1-28 June 1992 in the area of the Azores and Madeira Islands. The purpose was to study how the transition and mode selection are effected by 1) cloud-top entrainment instability, 2) diurnal decoupling and clearing due to solar absorption, 3) patchy drizzle and a transition to horizontally inhomogeneous clouds through decoupling, 4) mesoscale variability in cloud thickness and associated mesoscale circulations, and 5) episodic strong subsidence lowering the inversion below the LCL. Detailed descriptions of the scientific goals of ASTEX are in the FIRE Phase II: Research plan (1989) and in the ASTEX Operations Plan (1992). The University of Washington Convair data are best considered raw at this point and should be validated by comparing with data collected from other platforms where possible if high accuracy is desired. Of the three measures of liquid water content available from the Convair, the Johnson-Williams (JW) hot-wire probe is considered the most readily usable, although there is a significant drift in the output that should be accounted for. The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) measured the liquid water content using optical scattering principles.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment - Arctic Cloud Experiment Utrecht University Tethered Balloon
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments (FIRE) have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. First ISCCP Regional Experiment - Arctic Cloud Experiment Utrecht University Tethered Balloon.
OWLETS-2 University of Maryland Cessna Aircraft Data
OWLETS2_UMDAircraft_Data_1 is the Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS-2) data collected onboard the University of Maryland Cessna Aircraft. Data include trace gas measurements, greenhouse gases, aerosols, and aircraft navigational and housekeeping data collected via remote sensing and in-situ instrumentation. This collection features data from the GeoTASO instrument, a pre-cursor to the TEMPO satellite. OWLETS and OWLETS-2 were supported by the NASA Science Innovation Fund (SIF). Data collection is complete.Note: The GeoTASO data included in this collection was collected onboard the HU-25A aircraft.Coastal regions have typically posed a challenge for air quality researchers due to a lack of measurements available over water and water-land boundary transitions. Supported by NASA’s Science Innovation Fund (SIF), the Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS) field campaign examined ozone concentrations and gradients over the Chesapeake Bay from July 5, 2017 – August 3, 2017, with twelve intensive measurement days occurring during this time period. OWLETS utilized a unique combination of instrumentation, including aircraft, TOLNet ozone lidars (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Tropospheric Ozone Differential Absorption Lidar and NASA Langley Research Center Mobile Ozone Lidar), UAV/drones, ozonesondes, AERONET sun photometers, and mobile and ship-based measurements, to characterize the land-water differences in ozone and other pollutants. Two main research sites were established as part of the campaign: an over-land site at NASA LaRC, and an over-water site at the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel. These two research sites were established to provide synchronous vertical measurements of meteorology and pollutants over water and over land. In combination with mobile observations between the two sites, pollutant gradients were able to be observed and used to better understand the fundamental processes occurring at the land-water interface. OWLETS-2 was completed from June 6, 2018 – July 6, 2018 in the upper Chesapeake Bay region. Research sites were established at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Hart Miller Island (HMI), and Howard University Beltsville (HUBV), with HMI representing the over-water location and UMBC and HUBV representing the over-land sites. Similar measurements were carried out to further characterize water-land gradients in the upper Chesapeake Bay. The measurements completed during OWLETS are of importance in enhancing air quality models, and improving future satellite retrievals, particularly, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution, which is scheduled to launch in 2022.
LISTOS University of Maryland Cessna Aircraft In-Situ Data
LISTOS_AircraftInSitu_UMDAircraft_Data is the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) in-situ data collected onboard the University of Maryland Cessna Aircraft during the LISTOS field campaign. This product is a result of a joint effort across multiple agencies, including NASA, NOAA, the EPA Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Maine Department of Environmental Protection, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and several research groups at universities. Data collection is complete.The New York City (NYC) metropolitan area (comprised of portions of New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut in and around NYC) is home to over 20 million people, but also millions of people living downwind in neighboring states. This area continues to persistently have challenges meeting past and recently revised federal health-based air quality standards for ground-level ozone, which impacts the health and well-being of residents living in the area. A unique feature of this chronic ozone problem is the pollution transported in a northeast direction out of NYC over Long Island Sound. The relatively cool waters of Long Island Sound confine the pollutants in a shallow and stable marine boundary layer. Afternoon heating over coastal land creates a sea breeze that carries the air pollution inland from the confined marine layer, resulting in high ozone concentrations in Connecticut and, at times, farther east into Rhode Island and Massachusetts. To investigate the evolving nature of ozone formation and transport in the NYC region and downwind, Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) launched the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). LISTOS was a multi-agency collaborative study focusing on Long Island Sound and the surrounding coastlines that continually suffer from poor air quality exacerbated by land/water circulation. The primary measurement observations took place between June-September 2018 and include in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation that were integrated aboard three aircraft, a network of ground sites, mobile vehicles, boat measurements, and ozonesondes. The goal of LISTOS was to improve the understanding of ozone chemistry and sea breeze transported pollution over Long Island Sound and its coastlines. LISTOS also provided NASA the opportunity to test air quality remote sensing retrievals with the use of its airborne simulators (GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator (GCAS), and Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensory Optimization (GeoTASO)) for the preparation of the Tropospheric Emissions; Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) observations for monitoring air quality from space. LISTOS also helped collaborators in the validation of Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) science products, with use of airborne- and ground-based measurements of ozone, NO2, and HCHO.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Marine Stratocumulus Colorado State University (CSU) Surface Radiation Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The Colorado State University surface radiation data set was collected from the radiometric ground station on San Nicolas Island, California. These data were collected during the FIRE marine stratocumulus IFO. The data consists of ten minute averages of wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity and shortwave (.3 - 2.8 microns), near IR (.7 - 2.8 microns), and longwave (4 - 50 microns) radiation.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) University of Washington C-131A Discrete Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The development of parameterizations requires an understanding of the processes that generate, maintain, and dissipate boundary layer clouds. This development is currently impeded by lack of understanding of the transition from stratocumulus clouds to trade cumulus clouds and the factors that control cloud type and amount in the boundary layer. The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition EXperiment (ASTEX) was designed to address key issues related to stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition and mode selection. ASTEX involved intensive measurements from several platforms operating from 1-28 June 1992 in the area of the Azores and Madeira Islands. The purpose was to study how the transition and mode selection are effected by 1) cloud-top entrainment instability, 2) diurnal decoupling and clearing due to solar absorption, 3) patchy drizzle and a transition to horizontally inhomogeneous clouds through decoupling, 4) mesoscale variability in cloud thickness and associated mesoscale circulations, and 5) episodic strong subsidence lowering the inversion below the LCL. Detailed descriptions of the scientific goals of ASTEX are in the FIRE Phase II: Research plan (1989) and in the ASTEX Operations Plan (1992).This ASCII formatted data set includes data collected aboard the University of Washington's Corsair 131A airplane. Several different probes were used to gather data on the liquid water content of clouds, the droplet radius/diameter, and condensation nuclei measurements. All sulfur parameter measurements were made using filter methods.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE) University of Washington CV580 Aircraft
This data set consists of measurements provided by the University of Washington instruments flown onboard their CV580 aircraft during the FIR ACE/SHEBA field campaign.The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.
Old Dominion University (ODU) - Chesapeake Bay Mouth (CBM) measurements
Measurements made of the Chesapeake Bay Mouth (CBM) by Old Dominion University (ODU) between 2004 and 2006.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II Colorado State University (CSU) Station 2 Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The CSU Station 2 surface radiation data set was collected every 2 minutes for the period from Nov. 13, 1991 through Dec. 8, 1991 at the Tri-City Airport, Parsons, Kansas (37 deg. 20 min. N, 95 deg. 30 min. 30 sec. W.) NOTE: the 2 minute values were instantaneous readings.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 5 Second Data
FIRE_CI2_CITATN_5SEC data are First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus 2 University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 5 Second Data in Native format. The First ISCCP Regional Experiments were designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE were to: improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles; and investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. Four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus Intensive Field Observation (IFO) (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The University of North Dakota owns and operates a Cessna Citation II aircraft (N77ND) for the purpose of atmospheric research. This aircraft type has a number of design and performance characteristics which make it an ideal platform for a wide range of atmospheric studies. A series of structural modifications have been made to the basic airplane. These include the following: pylons under the wing tips for a variety of probes in the undisturbed air flow away from the fuselage; a nose boom for wind measurement; a heated radome to prevent ice accumulation on the nose area; special mounts for upward and downward looking radiometers; side-facing camera mounts for time-lapse cameras; optically-flat glass windows for photography; and an air inlet port for air sampling inside the pressurized cabin. The research instrumentation available on the Citation for the second Cirrus IFO is described below. The data contained in the following file is 1/5 hertz data from the UND Citation II Weather Research Aircraft. Each record has one value of one hundred and thirteen variables. The data order is Number Variable Units:1. Date yymmdd; 2. True Air Speed meters/sec; 3. INS Ground Speed meters/sec; 4. INS Wind velocity meters/second; 5. Calculated Wind velocity meters/second; 6. INS Wind direction degrees; 7. Calculated Wind direction degrees; 8. INS True heading degrees; 9. Magnetic heading degrees; 10. Drift angle degrees; 11. Pitch angle degrees; 12. Roll angle degrees; 13. Static pressure millibars; 14. INS Altitude meters; 15. Pressure Altitude meters; 16. Vertical acceleration meters/second/second; 17. Air temperature, Rosemount Celsius; 18. Air temperature, Reverse Flow Celsius; 19. Dew Point Celsius; 20. Attack millibars; 21. SideSlip millibars; 22. J. W. Liquid Water grams/cubic-meter; 23. Pitotpressure, Nose millibars; 24. Pitotpressure, Wing millibars; 25. Ice detector volts; 26. Ice detector Liquid WAter grams/cubic-meter; 27. Angle of attack degrees; 28. INS Latitude degrees; 29. INS Longitude degrees; 30. Vertical velocity meters/second; 31. Vertical wind meters/second; 32. Angle of sideslip degrees; 33. Vapor Pressure millibars; 34. Mixing Ratio grams/kilogram; 35. Temperature, Reverse Flow (uncorrected) Celsius; 36. Equivalent Potential Temperature kelvin; 37. Potential Temperature kelvin; 38. Virtual Potential Temperature kelvin; 39. Total Mixing Ratio grams/kilogram; 40. Wet Equivalent Potential Temperature kelvin; 41. Vertical Wind Angle degrees; 42. VOR degrees; 43. DME Nautical Miles; 44. Heater Flag Volts; 45. Engine RPM Per Cent; 46. INS Track Angle degrees; 47. Mach Number; 48. Time Seconds from midnight; 49. Cabin Altitude meters; 50. Virtual Temperature kelvin; 51. Ozone ppbv; 52. Film Speed Number; 53. Frame Count meters; 54. Event Marker Volts; 55. NO2. ppbv; 56. Condensation Nucle; 57. Relative Humidity Per Cent; 58. Condensation Nuclei Temperature Celsius; 59. GPS Time Seconds from midnight; 60. GPS Latitude degrees; 61. GPS Longitude degrees; 62. GPS Altitude meters; 63. GPS Velocity North meters/second; 64. GPS Velocity East meters/second; 65. GPS Ground Speed meters/second; 66. GPS Track Angle degrees; 67. Condensation Nuclei Flow Rate liters/minute; 68. FSSP Counts Number; 69. FSSP Concentration Number/ml; 70. FSSP Liquid Water grams/cubic-meter; 71. FSSP Mean Diameter microns; 72. FSSP Mean Volume Diameter microns; 73. FSSP Median Diameter microns; 74. FSSP Median Volume Diameter microns; 75. FSSP Mode microns; 76. FSSP Skew microns; 77. FSSP Standard Deviation, Mean Diameter microns; 78. FSSP Standard Deviation, Mean Volume Diameter microns; 79. OneDC Counts Num
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL) measurements near the island of Kauai in 1993
Measurements made by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL) near the island of Kauai in 1993.
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