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9,671 results for “Leaf”
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - twig - close-up winter leaf scar/bud
Image of Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - twig - close-up winter leaf scar/bud
Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Image of Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Quercus lobata (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Image of Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Image of Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - whole upper surface
Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Image of Quercus acutissima (Fagaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae) - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae) - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Data from: Genetic variation in growth and leaf traits associated with local adaptation to climate in yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton)
<p>Understanding patterns of variation in functional traits of hardwood trees is crucial for conserving and managing North American temperate forests under climate change. This study examined provenance variation of yellow birch (<em>Betula alleghaniensis</em> Britton) in growth, biomass allocation, leaf morphology, and stable carbon isotope composition. Trees were grown from ten seed sources originating from across Canada and the northern USA. Height and diameter were not significantly related to climate at seed origin, suggesting that variation may be better explained by site factors, such as soil pH and soil moisture. In contrast, carbon isotope composition and leaf morphological traits were significantly correlated to climate variables including temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. Provenances from warmer, drier localities tended to have higher stable carbon isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C), greater specific leaf area, and narrower leaf width than their counterparts from cooler, wetter climates. Thus, variation in leaf morphological traits appears to be involved in adaptation of yellow birch to variation in temperature and moisture availability across the species' range. Our results suggest that there may exist potential for selection and breeding of drought resistant yellow birch genotypes to aid in reforestation under climate change. </p>
Data from: Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: Constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth
<p>Hypoallometric (slope<1) scaling between metabolic rate and body mass is often regarded as near-universal across organisms. However, there are compelling reasons to question hypoallometric scaling in woody plants, where metabolic rate=leaf area. This leaf area must provide carbon to the metabolically active sapwood volume (VMASW). Within populations of a species, variants in which VMASW increases per unit leaf area with height growth (e.g. ⅔ or ¾ scaling) would have proportionally less carbon for growth and reproduction as they grow taller. Therefore, selection should favor individuals in which, as they grow taller, leaf area scales isometrically with shoot VMASW (slope=1). Using tetrazolium staining, we measured total VMASW and total leaf area (LAtot) across 22 individuals of Ricinus communis and confirmed that leaf area scales isometrically with VMASW, and that VMASW is much smaller than total sapwood volume. With the potential of the LAtot-VMASW relationship to shape factors as diverse as the crown area-stem diameter relationship, conduit diameter scaling, reproductive output, and drought-induced mortality, our work suggests that the notion that sapwood increases per unit leaf area with height growth requires revision.</p>
Genetic architecture of heritable leaf microbes
<p><em>Background</em></p> <p>Host-associated microbiomes are shaped by both their environment and host genetics, and often impact host performance. The scale of host genetic variation important to microbes is largely unknown, yet fundamental to the community assembly of host-associated microbiomes, and with implications for the eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbes and hosts. Using <em>Ipomoea hederacea</em>, Ivy-leaved morning glory, we generated matrilines differing in quantitative genetic variation and leaf shape, which is controlled by a single Mendelian locus. We then investigated the relative roles of Mendelian and quantitative genetic variation in structuring the leaf microbiome, and how these two sources of genetic variation contributed to microbe heritability.</p> <p><em>Results</em></p> <p>We found that despite large effects of the environment, both Mendelian and quantitative genetic host variation were important in contributing to microbe heritability, and that the cumulative small effect genomic differences due to matriline explained as much or more microbial variation than a single large effect locus. Furthermore, our results are the first to suggest that leaf shape itself contributes to variation in the abundances of some microbes in the leaf microbiome.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>The genetic architecture of plant-associated microbiomes depends on both quantitative genetic variation and Mendelian traits, with similar contributions to microbe heritability. Our results demonstrate the roles of different scales of host genetic variation in the assembly of a natural microbiome. The genetic basis and heritability of a host's microbial phenotype is important for host evolution and ecology because microbes can affect host fitness, and because it can influence reciprocal selection between hosts and microbiomes. Additionally, when host-associated microbiomes have heritability, then this suggests they have the capacity to evolve as other host traits might, with potentially adaptive functions.</p>
Data from: Drought and heat-induced mortality of conifer trees is explained by leaf and growth legacies
<p>An increased frequency and severity of droughts and heatwaves have resulted in increased tree mortality and forest dieback across the world but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a common garden experiment with 20 conifer tree species to quantify mortality after three consecutive hot, dry summers and tested whether mortality could be explained by putative underlying mechanisms, such as stem hydraulics and legacies affected by leaf lifespan and stem growth responses to previous droughts. Mortality varied from 0-79% across species and was, surprisingly, not affected by hydraulic traits. Mortality increased with the species' leaf lifespan, probably because leaf damage caused crown dieback and contributed to carbon depletion and sensitivity to bark beetle damage. Mortality also increased with lower growth resilience, which may exacerbate the contribution of carbon depletion and bark beetle sensitivity to tree mortality. Our study highlights how ecological legacies at different time scales can explain tree mortality in response to hot, dry periods and climate change.</p>
Code for data analysis - intra-community variability of leaf-out in temperate tree canopies
<p>The code and data were used for producing the results of "Phenology across scales: an intercontinental analysis of leaf-out dates in temperate deciduous tree communities", by Delpierre et al.</p>
Hemispherical photographs and calculated Leaf Area Index for study sites in Central Mongolia
<p>Hemispherical photographs taken at grazed and ungrazed plots at two study sites in Central Mongolia during the summers 2022 and 2023.</p>
Data from: Leaf morphological traits show greater responses to changes in climate than leaf physiological traits and gas exchange variables
<p>Adaptation to changing conditions is one of the strategies plants use to survive climate change. Here, we ask whether plants' leaf morphological and physiological traits/gas exchange variables have changed in response to recent, anthropogenic climate change. We grew seedlings from resurrected historic seeds from <em>ex-situ </em>seed banks and paired modern seeds in a common-garden experiment. Species pairs were collected from regions that had undergone differing levels of climate change using an emerging framework – Climate Contrast Resurrection Ecology, allowing us to hypothesise that regions with greater changes in climate (including temperature, precipitation, climate variability and climatic extremes) there would be greater trait responses in leaf morphology and physiology over time. Our found that in regions where there were greater changes in climate, there were greater changes in average leaf area, leaf margin complexity, leaf thickness and leaf intrinsic water use efficiency. Changes in leaf roundness, photosynthetic rate, stomatal density and the leaf economic strategy of our species were not correlated with changes in the climate. Our results show that leaves do have the ability to respond to changes in climate, however, there are greater inherited responses in morphological leaf traits than in physiological traits/variables, and greater responses to extreme measures of climate than gradual changes in climatic means. It is vital for accurate predictions of species' responses to impending climate change to ensure that future climate change ecology studies utilise knowledge about the difference in both leaf trait and gas exchange responses, and the climate variables that they respond to.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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