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6,175 results for “Composition”
Data from: Developing a Stopover-CORT hypothesis: corticosterone predicts body composition and refueling rate in Gray Catbirds during migratory stopover
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Migratory flight is energetically challenging, requiring alternating phases of fuel catabolism and fuel accumulation, accompanied by dramatic changes in body composition and behavior. Baseline corticosterone (CORT; the primary glucocorticoid in birds) is thought to underlie transitions between fuel catabolism during flight, fuel deposition during stopover, and the initiation of migratory flight. However, studies of CORT on stopover physiology and behavior remain disparate efforts, lacking the cohesion of a general hypothesis. Here we develop a Stopover-CORT hypothesis formalizing the relationships among CORT, body condition, and refueling rate in migratory birds. First we expect body mass to increase with triglycerides (TRIG) as birds refuel. Second, based on a synthesis of previous literature, we predict a U-shaped CORT curve over the course of stopover, postulating that elevated CORT at arrival is reactive, responding to poor body condition, while CORT elevation before departure is preparative, driving changes in behavior and body condition. We tested these predictions in Gray Catbirds (<i>Dumetella carolinensis</i>) following a trans-Gulf flight during spring migration. We found baseline CORT was negatively correlated with body condition and TRIG, corresponding with our predictions for arriving and refueling—but not departing—birds. It is possible catbirds undergo regional habitat translocations rather than complete the entire stopover phase at our study site. We propose the Stopover-CORT hypothesis as a useful predictive framework for future studies of the mechanistic basis of stopover physiology. By studying the regulation of stopover refueling and departure, we may better understand physiological limitations to overall migration rate and improve assessments of habitat quality for refueling birds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
data from "The chloroplast land plant phylogeny: analyses employing better-fitting tree- and site-heterogeneous composition models"
<p>The nucleotide, codon-degenerate and protein concatenated alignments of 83 chloroplast genes, with the respective character sets, in nexus format.</p>
Cost-Effective Methods to Retrofit Metal Culverts Using Composites
<p>One of the current pressing problems for all DOTs is the corrosion-oriented deterioration of existing metal culverts. These metal culverts typically are designed for a life of 50 years. However, corrosion is making them last no longer than 30 years. A Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) pipe section has been evaluated as a fit-in GFRP profile liner for complete repair and rehabilitation of the corroded metal culvert with an expected life of 75 years. This is mainly because of the corrosion free nature of the GFRP material. A comprehensive rehabilitation methodology and laboratory scale three-point bending test was conducted to test the composite action of the steel-GFRP section. A finite element model was developed to provide inference on the mechanics of the GFRP-CMP section and the effect of corrosion on the mechanics of the retrofitted pipe. The FE model was verified with experimental observations and will be used to design GFRP section for retrofitting an existing culvert in the field. A Life Cycle Cost Analysis model was developed to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed retrofitting technique and compare it with other existing technologies.</p>
Data-base of dissolved organic matter composition and reactivity in Lake Victoria, the World's largest tropical lake
<p>Data-base of Chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition (stable carbon isotope signatures, absorption and fluorescence properties) obtained from samples collected in Lake Victoria, a large lake in East Africa. Samples were collected in 2018-2019 along a bathymetric gradient (bays to open waters), during three contrasting seasons: long rainy, short rainy and dry, which corresponded to distinctly water column mixing regimes, respectively, stratified, semi-stratified and mixed regimes. Eight DOM components from parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were identified based on three-dimensional excitation–emission matrices (EEMs), which were aggregated into three main groups of components (C1, C5 and C7 as microbial humic-like; C2, C3 and C4 as terrestrial humic-like; C6 and C8 as protein-like).</p> <p>Please note that the dataset is attached to the following paper :</p> <p>Deirmendjian, L., Lambert, T., Morana, C. <em>et al.</em> Dissolved organic matter composition and reactivity in Lake Victoria, the world’s largest tropical lake. <em>Biogeochemistry</em> <strong>150, </strong>61–83 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00687-2</p>
Coral community composition and carbonate production in an urbanized seascape
<p>Survey data in PRIMER format</p>
"Shifts in Phytoplankton Composition and Stepwise Climate Change during the Middle Miocene" - Age-depth models and calcareous nannofossil census data
<p>This is a data supplement to the paper "Shifts in Phytoplankton Composition and Stepwise Climate Change during the Middle Miocene" (Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology).</p> <p><strong>Data Set S1</strong>. Age-depth models.</p> <p>This data set includes the file SI_Tables S2-S5_Henderiks_etal.xlsx containing raw age-depth tie point compilations for each site and sample age estimates, as well as the final, site-specific input files and output (age assignments) from the <em>Undatable </em>Matlab software Version 1.1 (Lougheed and Obrochta, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003457). The age-depth models presented in this study can be reproduced by running the age-depth model input files in the <em>Undatable</em> graphical user interface (GUI), whereby the necessary settings for the specific number of Monte Carlo iterations, xfactor and bootstrapping are contained in the header of the input files. Note that input and output files are grouped in two zipped folders: a cm- and meter-depth scale version (the latter decreases computing time and produced the age-depth plots shown in Figures S1 and S2 of the paper).</p> <p><strong>Data Set S2</strong>. Calcareous nannofossil census data.</p> <p>The file SI_ds02_Henderiks_etal.xlsx consists of two separate data sheets:<br> 1. Middle Miocene nannofossil abundance estimates (N/g) and genus-level census counts (%, ±95% CI) at 5 different Atlantic deep-sea sites (Sites 982, 608, 925, 926 and 1264).<br> 2. Middle Miocene census counts (%, ±95% CI) of <em>Coccolithus</em> and <em>Reticulofenestra</em> morphospecies and size categories for Sites 982, 608, 925 and 926.</p>
Composite of sixteen Mindshow replays
<p>A 30-second video clip that shows a complete instruction sequence with 16 synchronised unique replays in a social VR game (<em>Mindshow</em>), in which players record, edit and share staged scenes with avatar puppets that are controlled by the player.</p>
Landscape composition and local floral resources influence foraging behavior but not the size of Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers
<p>Here, we assessed how the morphology, weight and foraging behavior of individual workers are affected by their surrounding landscape. We hypothesized that colonies established in landscapes showing high cover of intensive crops and low cover of flowering crops, as well as low amounts of local floral resources, would produce smaller workers, which would perform fewer foraging trips and collect pollen loads less constant in species composition. We tested these predictions with 80 colonies of commercially reared <i>Bombus impatiens</i> Cresson placed in 20 landscapes spanning a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. We estimated weekly rate at which workers entered and exited colonies and captured eight workers per colony over a period of 14 weeks during the spring and summer of 2016. Captured workers had their wing, thorax, head, tibia, and dry weight measured, as well as their pollen load extracted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. We did not detect any effect of landscape habitat composition on worker morphology or body weight, but found that foraging activity decreased with intensive crops. Moreover, higher diversity of local floral resources led to lower pollen constancy in intensively cultivated landscapes. Finally, we found a negative correlation between the size of workers and the diversity of their pollen load. Our results provide additional evidence that conservation actions regarding pollinators in arable landscapes should be made at the landscape rather than at the farm level.</p>
Composite 2D video of raw and processed video footage from an outdoor camerawork training session for qualitative data collection
<p>The video clip, in traditional 2D format, contains a short excerpt (1:43 minutes) from an outdoor camerawork training session. The raw and processed footage from the different cameras is composited in a single frame. The original composite file has 32 channels of audio so that one can switch between different microphones and combinations of microphones. This is indicated in the video clip but is not available in this file. All participants are playing particular roles in the training session, and each carries a camera. In preparation for the real data collection with a guide, one person is pretending to be a nature guide. She carries a GoPro camera on a gimbal. There is an instructor, who is carrying a single lens 360° camera on a raised extension pole with a separate ambisonic microphone. Two others are filming with a prosumer camcorder and a single lens 360° camera on a lowered extension pole respectively. And a fifth person is filming with a stereoscopic 360° camera and an independent ambisonic microphone on a monopod. In a nutshell, this is a typical team filming arrangement, in which the team needs to attentively yet silently coordinate their joint camerawork. Languages: Danish and English</p>
Composite 2D video clip of first public demonstration of an early AVA360VR prototype
<p>In this 2D video clip, which is a composite of four videos, we see an extract from the first live public demonstration of an early <em>AVA360VR </em>prototype to a workshop group at the <em>Big Video Sprint</em> conference in November 2017. The demonstration shows two analysts working on recorded camerawork training session video data, simulating collaboration at a distance. Other video inserts show the audience or the analyst from another camera angle.</p> <p><em>AVA360VR </em>(Annotate, Visualise, Analyse 360° video in VR) is a VR software tool developed by the BigSoftVideo team at Aalborg University. The aim is to support ‘inhabiting’ 360-degree video data – that is, to explore complex spatial video and audio recordings of a scene in which social interaction took place through a tangible interface in virtual reality.</p>
Data from: A quantitative inventory of yeast P body proteins reveals principles of composition and specificity
<p>P bodies are archetypal biomolecular condensates that concentrate proteins and RNA without a surrounding membrane. While dozens of P body proteins are known, the concentrations of components in the compartment have not been measured. We used live cell imaging to generate a quantitative inventory of the major proteins in yeast P bodies. Only 7 proteins are highly concentrated in P bodies (5.1-15 uM); the 24 others examined are appreciably lower (most ≤ 2.6 uM). P body concentration correlates inversely with cytoplasmic exchange rate. Sequence elements driving Dcp2 concentration into P bodies are distributed across the protein and act cooperatively. Our data indicate that P bodies, and probably other condensates, are biochemically simpler than suggested by proteomic analyses, with implications for specificity, reconstitution and evolution.</p>
Figure 3 in A preliminary study of nest structure and composition of the weaver ant Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) delecta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Panel showing the percentage of each ant life stage within each chamber of each of three nests of Polyrhachis delecta weaver ants.
Figure 2. Photographs detailing a in A preliminary study of nest structure and composition of the weaver ant Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) delecta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 2. Photographs detailing a silk support structure ('girder') spanning a chamber within a nest (A), a cross-section of the 'girder' (B), a view of the outside of Nest 1 showing workers on sections of the folded leaf with an area of visible carton in the bottom right (C), examples of an alate queen (top), male (middle) and worker (bottom) of Polyrhachis delecta weaver ants (D), and examples of the various brood stages including a pupa (left) and variously sized larvae (middle to right) (E).
Figure 1 in A preliminary study of nest structure and composition of the weaver ant Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) delecta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 1. Lateral view schematic illustrations of the internal chamber arrangement of three nests of Polyrhachis delecta weaver ants. Chambers are labelled 1–7. Nests were suspended from vegetation at the top and thick black lines show the core arrangement of leaves, which were divided into chambers through construction with larval silk (thin lines). Sections with wavy outlines in grey on the outer surface of the nest indicate areas constructed from carton. Internal structures with dashed lines indicate the position of internal 'girders'. Nest openings are portrayed oriented towards the lower right of each nest.
FIGURE 1 in Quantifying vertebrate zoogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in the species composition of mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial amphibians
FIGURE 1. Map of Australia with major clusters retrieved from the analysis.
FIGURE 8 in Quantifying vertebrate zoogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in the species composition of mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial amphibians
FIGURE 8. The interim zoogeographic provinces of Australia.
Figure 2 in Assessing high compositional differences of beetle assemblages across vertical woodland strata in the New Forest, Hampshire, England
Figure 2. Species accumulation curves created by rarefaction for each sampling method. Vertical bars = 95% confidence limits around the species richness estimate.
Composite amine mixed matrix membranes for highpressure CO2-CH4 separation: synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation
<p>The key challenge in composite mixed matrix membrane (MMMs) synthesis is the incompatible membrane fabrication using porous support in the dry-wet phase inversion technique. The key objective of this research to synthesis thin composite ternary (amine) mixed matrix membranes on microporous support by incorporating 10 wt. % of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) and 5-15 wt. % of diethanolamine (DEA) in polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution for the separation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). The developed membranes were evaluated for their morphological structure, thermal and mechanical stabilities, functional groups, as well as the CO<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>4</sub> separation performance at high pressure (10-30 bar). The results showed that the developed membranes have asymmetric structure, and mechanically strong at 30 bar. A new class of PES/CMS/DEA composite MMMs exhibited improved gas permeance compared to pure PES composite polymeric membrane. The permselectivty of CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> enhanced from 8.15 to 16.04 at 15 wt.% of DEA at 30 bar pressure. The performance of amine composite MMMs is theoretically predicted using a modified Maxwell model. The predictions were in good agreement with experimental data after applying the optimized values with AARE % = ~ less 2 % and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99.</p>
Figure 4 in Composition and distribution patterns of chewing lice of two neotropical species of Turdus
Figure 4. Influence of body length variation of Turdus amaurochalinus (n = 36) and Turdus rufiventris (n = 53) on the abundance of chewing lice in three areas of Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil, between July 2009 and June 2010.
Figure 2 in Composition and distribution patterns of chewing lice of two neotropical species of Turdus
Figure 2. Infrapopulation size of Myrsidea sp. on Turdus amaurochalinus (n = 36) and Turdus rufiventris (n = 53), in three areas of Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil, between July 2009 and June 2010.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.