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9,882 results for “Scale”
Data from: Examining temporal sample scale and model choice with spatial capture-recapture models in the common leopard Panthera pardus
Many large carnivores occupy a wide geographic distribution, and face threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, prey depletion, and human wildlife-conflicts. Conservation requires robust techniques for estimating population densities and trends, but the elusive nature and low densities of many large carnivores make them difficult to detect. Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models provide a means for handling imperfect detectability, while linking population estimates to individual movement patterns to provide more accurate estimates than standard approaches. Within this framework, we investigate the effect of different sample interval lengths on density estimates, using simulations and a common leopard (Panthera pardus) model system. We apply Bayesian SCR methods to 89 simulated datasets and camera-trapping data from 22 leopards captured 82 times during winter 2010–2011 in Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan. We show that sample interval length from daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly periods did not appreciably affect median abundance or density, but did influence precision. We observed the largest gains in precision when moving from quarterly to shorter intervals. We therefore recommend daily sampling intervals for monitoring rare or elusive species where practicable, but note that monthly or quarterly sample periods can have similar informative value. We further develop a novel application of Bayes factors to select models where multiple ecological factors are integrated into density estimation. Our simulations demonstrate that these methods can help identify the "true" explanatory mechanisms underlying the data. Using this method, we found strong evidence for sex-specific movement distributions in leopards, suggesting that sexual patterns of space-use influence density. This model estimated a density of 10.0 leopards/100 km2 (95% credibility interval: 6.25–15.93), comparable to contemporary estimates in Asia. These SCR methods provide a guide to monitor and observe the effect of management interventions on leopards and other species of conservation interest.
Data from: Kicking Triturus arntzeni when it's down: large-scale nuclear genetic data confirm that newts from the type locality are genetically admixed
We collected nuclear DNA data (52 markers) with next-generation sequencing for nine Triturus newt specimens, including the holotype and two of the paratypes of T. arntzeni, from the type locality at Vrtovać in eastern Serbia. We compare these data to a reference set composed of the four crested newt species distributed in eastern Serbia namely T. cristatus, T. dobrogicus, T. ivanbureschi and T. macedonicus to determine to which of these species the newts from the type locality of T. arntzeni should be attributed. The majority of alleles in individuals from Vrtovać is derived from T. macedonicus, but a considerable number of T. ivanbureschi alleles is also present; alleles typical for T. cristatus and T. dobrogicus are found at low frequency. Accordingly, we interpret Vrtovać as a T. macedonicus – T. ivanbureschi hybrid population, albeit not composed of F1 hybrids but of genetically admixed individuals derived through multiple generations of backcrossing. The data support the notion that the name T. arntzeni should not be applied to a species newly distinguished in T. karelinii sensu lato (to which the name T. ivanbureschi has been given). We conclude that because of the hybrid nature of the individuals from Vrtovać, the name T. arntzeni should be placed not only in the synonymy of T. macedonicus but also in the synonymy of T. ivanbureschi. In this study we demonstrate that next-generation sequencing can provide high quality data for type material with degraded DNA and therefore can play an important role in taxonomy.
Data from: Characterization of the synoptic-scale diversity, biogeography and size distribution of diatoms in the North Pacific
The diversity, biogeography, and size distribution of diatoms in the North Pacific and underlying mechanisms shaping those patterns have little been characterized despite their importance in marine ecosystems. Here, we examined the community structure of diatoms in the surface and subsurface chlorophyll a maximum (SCM) layers of the North Pacific using light and scanning electron microscopy. Diatom carbon biomass in both the subarctic and temperate coastal regions was higher than that in the open subtropical and tropical waters. Species density was high in the temperate coastal region and certain open ocean stations where coastal water could be intruded. Diversity was generally higher in the SCM layer than that in the surface layer without a clear latitudinal trend. All diatom species in the open subtropical waters were observed in the temperate coastal waters, suggesting that the coastal regions act as a species bank. Certain indigenous species in the subarctic waters were considered as cryophilic species. We found that the general patterns of the size spectrum were nearly identical among different geographical regions of the North Pacific, irrespective of the species composition, environmental conditions, and seasonality. Our results provide mechanistic insights indicating that the diatom biodiversity in the species bank around the coastal region and the following current systems from the coastal to oceanic regions could principally determine biodiversity patterns in the North Pacific. The species-specific ecophysiological traits of diatoms and environmental conditions may further modify the biodiversity patterns and size distribution of diatoms.
Data from: Testing scale-dependent effects of semi-natural habitats on farmland biodiversity
The effectiveness of conservation interventions for maximizing biodiversity benefits from agri-environment schemes (AESs) is expected to depend on the quantity of seminatural habitats in the surrounding landscape. To verify this hypothesis, we developed a hierarchical sampling design to assess the effects of field boundary type and cover of seminatural habitats in the landscape at two nested spatial scales. We sampled three types of field boundaries with increasing structural complexity (grass margin, simple hedgerow, complex hedgerow) in paired landscapes with the presence or absence of seminatural habitats (radius 0.5 km), that in turn, were nested within 15 areas with different proportions of seminatural habitats at a larger spatial scale (10 × 10 km). Overall, 90 field boundaries were sampled across a Mediterranean region (northeastern Italy). We considered species richness response across three different taxonomic groups: vascular plants, butterflies, and tachinid flies. No interactions between type of field boundary and surrounding landscape were found at either 0.5 and 10 km, indicating that the quality of field boundary had the same effect irrespective of the cover of seminatural habitats. At the local scale, extended-width grass margins yielded higher plant species richness, while hedgerows yielded higher species richness of butterflies and tachinids. At the 0.5-km landscape scale, the effect of the proportion of seminatural habitats was neutral for plants and tachinids, while butterflies were positively related to the proportion of forest. At the 10-km landscape scale, only butterflies responded positively to the proportion of seminatural habitats. Our study confirmed the importance of testing multiple scales when considering species from different taxa and with different mobility. We showed that the quality of field boundaries at the local scale was an important factor in enhancing farmland biodiversity. For butterflies, AESs should focus particular attention on preservation of forest patches in agricultural landscapes within 0.5 km, as well as the conservation of seminatural habitats at a wider landscape scale.
Data from: Biogeographical scenarios modulate seagrass resistance to small-scale perturbations
1. Seagrasses constitute a key coastal habitat worldwide, but are are exposed to multiple perturbations. Understanding elements affecting seagrass resistance to disturbances is critical for conservation. Distinct biogeographical scenarios are intrinsically linked with varying ecological and evolution backgrounds shaped across millennia. 2. We addressed whether the resistance (change in shoot abundances) and performance (change in leaf morphology and growth) of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to a local stressor, light reduction, varied across three regions (Southeast Iberia, the Balearic Sea and the Canaries) within the temperate northern Atlantic realm. We hypothesized that distinct biogeographical scenarios, in terms of distinct ecological/environmental conditions and genetic diversity of meadows, would affect seagrass resistance and performance, with flow-on effects on associated epifauna. The same experiments, in terms of shading intensities, timing and duration, were replicated at three seagrass meadows within each region. 3. Results demonstrated inter-regional variation in the resistance and performance of C. nodosa. Under moderate and high shading, shoot abundance was abruptly decreased, relative to controls, in the Canaries with concurrent, but less accentuated, changes in leaf morphology and no changes in growth. In the other two regions, however, moderate and high shading had a negligible effect on shoot abundance, leaf morphology and growth. Shading had no overall effect over the total abundance and assemblage structure of epifauna; these faunal attributes, however, varied between regions. Low seagrass resistance at the Canaries is linked with the peripheral distribution of the species there, favoring isolation and decreased genetic diversity. 4. Synthesis. Different biogeographical scenarios shape seagrass resistance to local perturbations. From a conservation perspective, if resistance differs among biogeographical scenarios, universal conservation rules for seagrasses are challenging.
Data from: The population genomic signature of environmental selection in the widespread insect-pollinated tree species Frangula alnus at different geographical scales
The evaluation of the molecular signatures of selection in species lacking an available closely related reference genome remains challenging, yet it may provide valuable fundamental insights into the capacity of populations to respond to environmental cues. We screened 25 native populations of the tree species Frangula alnus subsp. alnus (Rhamnaceae), covering three different geographical scales, for 183 annotated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Standard population genomic outlier screens were combined with individual-based and multivariate landscape genomic approaches to examine the strength of selection relative to neutral processes in shaping genomic variation, and to identify the main environmental agents driving selection. Our results demonstrate a more distinct signature of selection with increasing geographical distance, as indicated by the proportion of SNPs (i) showing exceptional patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation (outliers) and (ii) associated with climate. Both temperature and precipitation have an important role as selective agents in shaping adaptive genomic differentiation in F. alnus subsp. alnus, although their relative importance differed among spatial scales. At the 'intermediate' and 'regional' scales, where limited genetic clustering and high population diversity were observed, some indications of natural selection may suggest a major role for gene flow in safeguarding adaptability. High genetic diversity at loci under selection in particular, indicated considerable adaptive potential, which may nevertheless be compromised by the combined effects of climate change and habitat fragmentation.
Data from: Scale-dependent home range optimality for a solitary omnivore
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity are fundamental mechanisms structuring home ranges. Under optimality, an individual should structure their space use economically to maximize fitness. We evaluated support for three hypotheses related to range optimality in American black bears (Ursus americanus), predicting (1) range location on a landscape will correspond with high vegetation productivity, (2) increasing forest fragmentation will result in larger ranges, and (3) increasing proportion of forest and/or mean vegetation productivity will result in smaller ranges. We used black bear radio telemetry data from Michigan (2009-2015), Missouri (2010-2016) and Mississippi (2008-2017), USA. Annual space use excluded winter, and we separated seasonal space use into spring, summer, and fall. We collected data from 143 bears (80 females, 63 males), resulting in 97 annual and 538 seasonal ranges. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate productivity (estimated through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) selection, and range size (km2) variation between individuals. At the annual scale, black bears consistently selected areas with greater vegetation productivity than the surrounding landscape; yet selection weakened and was more variable seasonally. Opposite to our prediction, we found that increasing fragmentation consistently resulted in smaller ranges; non-forested land covers and forest edges might provide greater abundance or more diverse foods for bears. Ranges with a greater proportion of forest were smaller, likely reflecting an increase in food and cover which could reduce movements, yet there was no support for more productive ranges also being smaller as expected from an area minimizing strategy. Black bears displayed a scale-dependent space use strategy: at larger spatial and temporal scales, productivity acted as the strongest limiting factor and energy maximizing was the dominant strategy, while an area minimizing strategy was exhibited seasonally. We revealed consistent, scale-dependent responses by black bears to environmental conditions, demonstrating the intrinsic plasticity of this adaptable omnivore.
Data from: Finer-scale habitat predicts nest survival in grassland birds more than management and landscape: a multi-scale perspective
1. Birds may respond to habitat at multiple scales, ranging from microhabitat structure to landscape composition. North American grassland bird distributions predominantly reside on private lands, and populations have been consistently declining. Many of these lands are enrolled in U.S. federal conservation programmes, and properly guided management policies could alleviate declines. However, more evaluative research is needed on the effects of management policies juxtaposed with other multi-scale habitat features. Furthermore, research focused on nest survival is arguably more valuable because habitat associations with avian densities can sometimes be deceptive. 2. We investigated nest survival of a grassland facultative (red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus) an obligate species (dickcissel, Spiza americana), and two nesting communities (ground and above-ground nesters) relative to management and multi-scale habitat (nest-site characteristics, in-field microhabitat, patch metrics, and landscape context). Our study was conducted on private lands in Illinois (2011-2014) and directly linked to policy-based management (disking, herbicidal spraying, spray/interseeding) and landowner decisions. 3. Multi-scale models explained more variation in nest survival compared to single scales or management in three of four analyses (blackbirds, dickcissels, and above-ground nesters). Finer-scale habitat variables, such as nest-site characteristics, were more often in top and among the competitive models relative to landscape factors. 4. Compared with other management types, disking (i.e. tractor-pulled disc harrows removed approximately 50% of vegetation) displayed distinct effects and positively influenced nest survival in above-ground nesters. Also, greater proportions of a field managed cumulatively and yearly, regardless of type, generally improved nest survival for dickcissels and above-ground nesters. All groups except above-ground nesters had generally higher nest survival in native grass fields. 5. Synthesis and applications. Habitat practitioners can improve nest survival for certain grassland birds by directly affecting infield-microhabitat vegetation and structure. However, characteristics associated with specific nest locations often drive nest survival. We suggest habitat managers and agency staff promote native grass practices and management, such as disking, to enhance nest survival of grassland bird populations. Management will likely be most effective in favourable unfragmented grassland landscapes with less surrounding forested areas, which also promote other important responses (e.g. colonization and persistence) of target species.
Data from: Multiplex preamplification PCR and microsatellite validation allows accurate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of historical fish scales
Incorporating historical tissues into the study of ecological, conservation, and management questions can broaden the scope of population genetic research by enhancing our understanding of evolutionary processes and anthropogenic influences on natural populations. Genotyping historical and low-quality samples has been plagued by challenges associated with low amounts of template DNA and the potential for preexisting DNA contamination among samples. We describe a two-step process designed to (i) accurately genotype large numbers of historical low-quality scale samples in a high-throughput format and (ii) screen samples for preexisting DNA contamination. First, we describe how an efficient multiplex preamplification PCR of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can generate highly accurate genotypes with low failure and error rates in subsequent SNP genotyping reactions of individual historical scales from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Second, we demonstrate how the method can be modified for the amplification of microsatellite loci to detect preexisting DNA contamination. A total of 760 individual historical scale and 182 contemporary fin clip samples were genotyped and screened for contamination. Genotyping failure and error rates were exceedingly low and similar for both historical and contemporary samples. Preexisting contamination in 21% of the historical samples was successfully identified by screening the amplified microsatellite loci. The potential for automation, low failure and error rates, and ability to multiplex both the preamplification and subsequent genotyping reactions combine to make the protocol ideally suited for efficiently genotyping large numbers of potentially contaminated low-quality sources of DNA.
Dynamism, urgency, and scale dataset
<p>Dataset used in Rinde R.S. van Lon and Tom Holvoet, <em>Towards systematic evaluation of multi-agent systems in large scale and dynamic logistics</em>. PRIMA 2015: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, (2015).</p>
Data Processing for a Small-Scale Long-Term Coastal Ocean Observing System Near Mobile Bay, Alabama: A Geoscience Papers of the Future (GPF) Data Set
<p>The Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) has been operating a permanent moored oceanographic station at 30 05.410'N, 88 12.694'W, 25 km southwest of the entrance to Mobile Bay, Alabama, since 2004. It collects hydrographic and current velocity data.</p> <p>This set of data files was collected between 27 Jan and 18 May 2011. It includes the raw data at initial download from the instruments, several intermediate processing steps, and final processed files ready for initial scientific analysis.</p> <p>The files have been prepared as supplementary material for a Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) in prep for publication at Earth and Space Science, as part of the OntoSoft GPF Initiative.</p> <p> </p>
POPC @ 310K, 450 mM of CaCl_2. Charmm36 with ECC-scaled ions
<p>Simulations of a POPC bilayer with 450 mM of CaCl_2. <br> The goal was to study the effect of salt on the order <br> parameters of the lipid head group and the glycerol <br> backbone for the NMRlipids project, see <br> http://nmrlipids.blogspot.fi for more information.</p> <p>A POPC bilayer consisting of 200 lipids (100 per leaflet) <br> is simulated in the presence of 450 mM CaCl_2. The Charmm36 <br> model is employed for lipids, the Charmm compatible variant <br> of the tip3p model for water, and the recent ion parameters <br> by Kohagen et al. [2] for CaCl_2.</p> <p>The Charmm36 force field parameters were obtained from<br> CHARMM-GUI [3] at http://www.charmm-gui.org</p> <p>The ion parameters are available at<br> https://bitbucket.org/hseara/ions/</p> <p>––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––</p> <p>The files are in GROMACS format. Trajectory (.xtc) is <br> 100 ns long with data saved every 100 ps. These data<br> were collected once the adsorption and desorption of <br> CaCl_2 to the surface has reached equilibrium, namely<br> after 700 ns of simulation. Additionally, the initial <br> structure (.gro), topology (.top), index file (.ndx), <br> simulation paremeter file (.mdp), binary run input file <br> for GROMACS v. 5.0–> (.tpr) and the energy output file <br> (.edr) are provided. </p> <p>––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––</p> <p>[1] Update of the CHARMM All-Atom Additive Force Field <br> for Lipids: Validation on Six Lipid Types<br> Jeffery B. Klauda, Richard M. Venable, J. Alfredo Freites, <br> Joseph W. O’Connor, Douglas J. Tobias, Carlos Mondragon-Ramirez, <br> Igor Vorobyov, Alexander D. MacKerell, Jr., and Richard W. Pastor<br> The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2010 114 (23), 7830-7843<br> DOI: 10.1021/jp101759q</p> <p>[2] Accurate Description of Calcium Solvation in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions<br> Miriam Kohagen, Philip E. Mason, and Pavel Jungwirth<br> The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2014 118 (28), 7902-7909<br> DOI: 10.1021/jp5005693</p> <p>[3] CHARMM-GUI Input Generator for NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, OpenMM, <br> and CHARMM/OpenMM Simulations Using the CHARMM36 Additive Force Field<br> Jumin Lee, Xi Cheng, Jason M. Swails, Min Sun Yeom, Peter K. Eastman, <br> Justin A. Lemkul, Shuai Wei, Joshua Buckner, Jong Cheol Jeong, Yifei Qi, <br> Sunhwan Jo, Vijay S. Pande, David A. Case, Charles L. Brooks, III, <br> Alexander D. MacKerell, Jr., Jeffery B. Klauda, and Wonpil Im<br> Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2016 12 (1), 405-413<br> DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00935</p>
POPC @ 310K, 450 mM of CaCl_2. Slipids with ECC-scaled ions
<p>Simulations of a POPC bilayer with 450 mM of CaCl_2. <br> The goal was to study the effect of salt on the order <br> parameters of the lipid head group and the glycerol <br> backbone for the NMRlipids project, see <br> http://nmrlipids.blogspot.fi for more information.</p> <p>A POPC bilayer consisting of 200 lipids (100 per leaflet) <br> is simulated in the presence of 450 mM CaCl_2. The Slipids <br> model [1–3] is employed for lipids, tip3p model for water, <br> and the recent ion parameters by Kohagen et al. [4] for <br> CaCl_2.</p> <p>The Slipids force field parameters were downloaded from<br> http://mmkluster.fos.su.se/slipids/</p> <p>The ion parameters are available at<br> https://bitbucket.org/hseara/ions/</p> <p>––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––</p> <p>The files are in GROMACS format. Trajectory (.xtc) is <br> 100 ns long with data saved every 100 ps. These data<br> were collected once the adsorption and desorption of <br> CaCl_2 to the surface has reached equilibrium, namely<br> after 500 ns of simulation. Additionally, the initial <br> structure (.gro), topology (.top), index file (.ndx), <br> simulation paremeter file (.mdp), binary run input file <br> for GROMACS v. 4.6–> (.tpr) and the energy output file <br> (.edr) are provided. </p> <p>––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––</p> <p>[1] Derivation and Systematic Validation of a Refined <br> All-Atom Force Field for Phosphatidylcholine Lipids<br> Joakim P. M. Jämbeck and Alexander P. Lyubartsev<br> The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2012 116 (10), 3164-3179<br> DOI: 10.1021/jp212503e</p> <p>[2] An Extension and Further Validation of an All-Atomistic <br> Force Field for Biological Membranes<br> Joakim P. M. Jämbeck and Alexander P. Lyubartsev<br> Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2012 8 (8), 2938-2948<br> DOI: 10.1021/ct300342n</p> <p>[3] Another Piece of the Membrane Puzzle: Extending Slipids Further<br> Joakim P. M. Jämbeck and Alexander P. Lyubartsev<br> Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2013 9 (1), 774-784<br> DOI: 10.1021/ct300777p</p> <p>[4] Accurate Description of Calcium Solvation in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions<br> Miriam Kohagen, Philip E. Mason, and Pavel Jungwirth<br> The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2014 118 (28), 7902-7909<br> DOI: 10.1021/jp5005693</p>
Data Processing for a Small-Scale Long-Term Coastal Ocean Observing System Near Mobile Bay, Alabama: A Geoscience Papers of the Future (GPF) Workflow Diagram
<p>The Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) has been operating a permanent moored oceanographic station at 30 05.410'N, 88 12.694'W, 25 km southwest of the entrance to Mobile Bay, Alabama, since 2004. It collects hydrographic and current velocity data.</p> <p>This diagram shows the processing steps for data from the instruments at this mooring, from initial download to initial scientific analysis. The accompanying text explains how to apply the workflow to the example dataset (10.5281/zenodo.18943) using the provided software (10.5281/zenodo.32741). </p> <p>The files have been prepared as supplementary material for a Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) in prep for publication at Earth and Space Science, as part of the OntoSoft GPF Initiative.</p>
DRR-scaled Individual Binaural Room Impulse Responses
<p>Dataset of recorded individual binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs). The BRIRs are scaled their Direct-to-Reverberant-Energy-Ratio (DRR). The DRR is changed by an amplification or damping of the reverberant part relative to the direct sound of a measured BRIR. The change of the BRIR is conducted 3 ms after the direct sound, avoiding effects on the head-related part. The DRRs are calculated for 70 steps with 46 damping steps at normalized amplitude from zero to one, 23 amplification steps at normalized amplitude from one to 1.3, and the original DRR.</p>
Large scale expression and purification of full length huntingtin Q46 from baculovirus expression system (2016/09/04)
<p>Open lab notebook huntingtin structure function project.<br> </p>
FIGURE 6. Bathytanais fragilis, female paratype scale bars AB 1 in A new tanaidacean subfamily, Bathytanaidinae (Crustacea: Paratanaididae), from the Australian continental shelf and slope
FIGURE 6. Bathytanais fragilis, female paratype scale bars AB 1 mm, EI 0.02 mm, J 0.5 mm. A) Antennule. B) Antenna. C) Labrum. D, Labium. E) Left mandible. F) Right mandible. G) Maxillule. H) Maxilla. I) Maxilliped. J) Cheliped. K) Cheliped propodus.
FIGURES 1–5. Trichodes aulicus. FIGURE 1. Aedeagus ventrally. FIGURE 2. Aedeagus laterally. FIGURE 3. Male sternum VIII. FIGURE 4. Pygidium. Scale 1 in Revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Trichodes HERBST, 1792 (Coleoptera, Cleridae)
FIGURES 1–5. Trichodes aulicus. FIGURE 1. Aedeagus ventrally. FIGURE 2. Aedeagus laterally. FIGURE 3. Male sternum VIII. FIGURE 4. Pygidium. Scale 1 mm. FIGURE 5. Distribution
FIGURES 16–20. Trichodes lepidus. FIGURE 16. Aedeagus ventrally. FIGURE 17. Aedeagus laterally. FIGURE 18. Male sternum VIII. FIGURE 19. Pygidium. Scale 1 in Revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Trichodes HERBST, 1792 (Coleoptera, Cleridae)
FIGURES 16–20. Trichodes lepidus. FIGURE 16. Aedeagus ventrally. FIGURE 17. Aedeagus laterally. FIGURE 18. Male sternum VIII. FIGURE 19. Pygidium. Scale 1 mm. FIGURE 20. Distribution.
FIGURES 11–15. Trichodes gemma. FIGURE 11. Aedeagus ventrally. FIGURE 12. Aedeagus laterally. FIGURE 13. Male sternum VIII. FIGURE 14. Pygidium. Scale 1 in Revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Trichodes HERBST, 1792 (Coleoptera, Cleridae)
FIGURES 11–15. Trichodes gemma. FIGURE 11. Aedeagus ventrally. FIGURE 12. Aedeagus laterally. FIGURE 13. Male sternum VIII. FIGURE 14. Pygidium. Scale 1 mm. FIGURE 15. Distribu
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.