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29,897 results for “activism”
Figure 2 in Ethogram and time-activity budget of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae): implications for husbandry and welfare
Figure 2. Behaviours exhibited by the captive-born collared peccaries grouped into the social aggressive category. a) Stand over; b) Agonistic squabble; c) Tooth clack; d) Kneel; e) Lift with snout.
Figure 7 in Ethogram and time-activity budget of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae): implications for husbandry and welfare
Figure 7. Behaviours exhibited by captive-born collared peccaries grouped into the exploratory, antipredator and maintenance categories. a) Flehmen; b) Erect dorsal bristles; c) Escaping; d) Scratching; e) Grooming.
Figure 5 in Ethogram and time-activity budget of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae): implications for husbandry and welfare
Figure 5. Behaviours exhibited by captive-born collared peccaries grouped into the social affiliative category. a) Nose; b) Nose back; c) Nose rump; d) Nose dorsal gland; e) Nose nose; f) Nose belly.
Frankliniella fusca activity patterns in wheat
<p>Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) are an important seedling pest of many agricultural crops including, but not limited to cotton, tomato, and tobacco. This insect is mobile and completes several generations on both crop and non-crop plants each growing season in the southern United States. We do know that this insect disperses through a predictable sequence of these habitats each spring, however, it is not well known how abundant early season host crops affect population development at a landscape scale.</p> <p>To better understand how spring crops influence tobacco thrips populations, we conducted a study of tobacco thrips activity in a key early host, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To do this, we measured larval and adult thrips abundance in 69 wheat fields across 5 North Carolina counties in 2019 and 2020. We first sampled wheat heads weekly to measure how many larvae were present in the crop over approximately 10 weeks before the wheat senesced and harvest occurred. At the same time, we measured the number of tobacco thrips dispersing from the crop into the surrounding landscape using yellow sticky cards placed along the wheat field edge.</p> <p>We linked these responses to both landscape and weather factors to describe variation in abundance. We also directly related the abundance of larvae found in wheat heads at different crop maturity stages to the number of adult thrips leaving the field. We found that larval counts during the milk and dough stage of wheat maturation related to the adult dispersal patterns two weeks later. This data provides a useful assessment for crop phenology driven dispersal for an economically important pest species in the southern United States.</p>
Dataset for Exploring Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High-Resolution Community Atmosphere Model
<p>This dataset contains results from high-resolution, tropical cyclone-permitting experiments using Community Atmosphere Model version 5.</p>
Predictive utility of task-related functional connectivity vs. voxel activation - Data and code archive
<p>Functional connectivity, both in resting state and task performance, has steadily increased its share of neuroimaging research effort in the last 1.5 decades. In the current study, we investigated the predictive utility regarding behavioral performance and task information for 240 participants, aged 20-77, for both voxel activation and functional connectivity in 12 cognitive tasks, belonging to 4 cognitive reference domains (Episodic Memory, Fluid Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, and Vocabulary). We also added a model only comprising brain-structure information not specifically acquired during performance of a cognitive task. We used a simple brain-behavioral prediction technique based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and regression and studied the utility of both modalities in quasi out-of-sample predictions, using split-sample simulations (=5-fold Monte Carlo cross validation) with 1,000 iterations for which a regression model predicting a cognitive outcome was estimated in a training sample, with a subsequent assessment of prediction success in a non-overlapping test sample. The sample assignments were identical for functional connectivity, voxel activation, and brain structure, enabling apples-to-apples comparisons of predictive utility. All 3 models that were investigated included the demographic covariates age, gender, and years of education. A minimal reference model using simple linear regression with just these 3 covariates was included for comparison as well and was evaluated with the same resampling scheme as described above. Results of the comparison between voxel activation and functional connectivity were mixed and showed some dependency on cognitive outcome; however, mean differences in predictive utility between voxel activation and functional connectivity were rather small in terms of within-modality variability or predictive success. More notably, only in the case of Fluid Reasoning did concurrent functional neuroimaging provided compelling about cognitive performance beyond structural brain imaging or the minimal reference model.</p>
A code implementing the unified activities-centered approach to the modelling of viral epidemics
<p>A new approach to formulating mathematical models of increasing complexity to describe the dynamics of viral epidemics is proposed. Unifying the compartmental and stochastic approaches, it focuses on daily communicative activities of different groups of population (commuting, work, shopping, socializing) viewing them as the channels through which infection spreads. In order to describe these activities, we introduce a map of social interactions characterizing the structure of the population to which the model is applied and the patterns of behaviour typical to the social groups it is made of. By employing the mathematics of difference equations, the new approach makes it possible to incorporate the clinical picture of a particular viral infection and the complications it causes directly, in the way this picture is reported by medical professionals. As an illustration of the new approach, we consider the simplest model formulated in its framework and apply it to the ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), using the UK as a representative country, to assess the impact of non-pharmaceutical measures of social distancing imposed to control its course. Although the purpose of this application is merely to illustrate the approach which is open to further development, the simplest model nevertheless allows one to make some predictions and an a posteriori assessment of the measures already taken.</p>
Characterization of Site-Specific Vegetation Activity in Alaskan Wet and Dry Tundra as Related to Climate and Soil State DATA
<p>We present discrete (2-hour resolution) multi-year (2008 – 2017) <em>in situ </em>measurements of seasonal vegetation growth and soil biophysical properties from two sites on Alaska’s North Slope, USA, representing dry and wet sedge tundra. We examine measurements of vertical active soil layer temperature and soil moisture profiles (freeze/thaw status), woody shrub vegetation physiological activity, and meteorological site data to assess interrelationships within (and between) these two study sites.</p> <p>Vegetation phenophases (cold de-hardening start, physiological function start, stem growth start, stem growth end, physiological function end, cold hardening completion) were found to have greater inter-annual Day-Of-Year (DOY) occurrence variability at the dry site compared to the wet site. At the dry site, vegetation activity begins on average ~ 7 days earlier and ends ~ 11 days earlier. The mean active stem growth window lasts ~ 54 days for the dry site and ~51 days for the wet site. Vegetation, in both tundra environments, began cold de-hardening functions (warm season prep) prior to atmospheric temperatures warming above 0°C. Similar results were found related to the critical soil freeze/thaw/transition dates; the dry site had a DOY phenophase occurrence range that was 8 days larger than that of the wet site. A longer continuous summer thaw period was captured at the wet site by ~ 26 days throughout the active layer. In addition, the dry site was measured to have longer spring and fall soil isothermal conditions than the wet site by ~ 9 and 5 days throughout the active layer. These results show that the dry site’s willow shrub vegetation physiology and soil condition phenology is more variable than the wet site.</p> <p>Alongside the <em>in situ</em> data, a remote sensing product from NASA’s MEaSUREs program was utilized; our research indicates that the AMSR derived satellite product is more precise over the wet tundra site with critical date alignment between remote sensing observations and <em>in situ</em> measurements ranging from ~ 4 to 11 days. Furthermore, the AMSR product was shown to preemptively estimate land surface condition change during the spring transition for both tundra types while lagging during the fall transition and freeze-up periods.</p>
Datasets from the publication "Delineating the geographic context of physical activities: A systematic search and scoping review of the methodological approaches used in social ecological research over two decades"
<p>Data from research article Rinne, T., Kajosaari, A., Söderholm, M., Berg, B., Pesola, A.J., Smith, M., Kyttä, M. (2022). Delineating the geographic context of physical activities: A systematic search and scoping review of the methodological approaches used in social ecological research over two decades, <em>Health and Place</em>.</p> <p>This data includes supplementary materials 1, 2, 3 and 4, PRISMA checklist and a translated research protocol.</p>
Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: fMRI: Rats
<p>Rat fMRI activation images supplementing for Fig. 3d and Suppl. Fig. 5.</p>
Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: fMRI: Human
<p>Human fMRI activation images supplementing for Fig. 8 and Suppl. Fig. 11.</p>
1. A natural fusion between a flavodiiron protein, rubredoxin and NADH:rubredoxin oxidoreductase is responsible for the H2O-forming oxidase activity in Trichomonas vaginalis
<p>Homology models fit to a 6.8Å cryo-EM map of <em>T. vaginalis</em> FDPF3.</p>
Copernicus EMS flood activations delimitations (2012 - 2020) rasterised at 30m and aggregated per year and season
<p>This dataset was created as part of the <a href="https://opendatascience.eu/">Geo-harmonizer project</a>, with the scope of making open data easier to access. It contains all the flood activations mapped by the <a href="https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-activations-rapid">Copernicus Emergency Rapid Mapping Service</a> between 2012 and 2020. To obtain these GeoTIFFs, the vector data packages from CEMS were individual downloaded, rasterized and mosaicked per year and season, resampled at 30-m and reprojected to <a href="https://epsg.io/3035">EPSG 3035: ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe</a>. If no CEMS flood activation was identified in a specific year and season, the raster was not created. The rasters are provided as COG files, type=16Int, the flooded area pixels have value 100, nodata value is 255.</p> <p>To allow an easier and faster search through all 2012 - 2020 CEMS flood activations, we have prepared a point vector layer (geojson) containing one point for each flood activation area of interest with the following attributes attached: CEMS identification number <ems_id>, area of interest defined by CEMS <ems_aoi>, URL link to the CEMS activation <ems_link>, year of the event <year_start>, <year_end> , <season> and the name of the <geo_harmonizer_raster> where the 30m rasterised delimitations of the flooded areas of the corresponding flood activation can be found. </p> <p>For any additional questions regarding the data, please contact the author at codrina.ilie[at]terrasigna.com.</p> <p>The Copernicus Emergency Rapid Mapping Service data access policy is available <a href="https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/sites/default/files/files/CopernicusEMS-Data_and_Dissemination_Policy.pdf">here</a>.</p>
Population structure and dynamics, breeding activity and phenology of the blue-sided treefrog (Agalychnis annae)
<p>Agalychnis annae is a species endemic to Costa Rica and Panama with populations shrinking or disappearing from several locations. We studied the reproduction of a relict population of A. annae in a 1,300 m2 natural pond in Costa Rica during 2007–2008. We marked adults with a visible implant alphanumeric tag injected in the thigh. We measured reproductive effort considering calling males per night and per hour, number of pairs in amplexus, and number of egg masses. We summed 366 individual observations: 57% juveniles, 39% adult males and 4% adult females. Average SVL was 29 mm (juveniles), 63 mm (males) and 78 mm (females). Sex ratio (males:females) was 4.85:1, while operational sex ratio varied between 1–6 males per female when both sexes were present at the pond. Maximum estimated census population size varied between 27 and 59 individuals, with a Ne = 43.11. Calling activity occurred mostly from 1800 h – 2000 h, and we counted 65 egg masses. Number of adults and calling males were positively correlated with accumulated rainfall and average temperature. Number of egg masses was positively correlated with the number of adults, accumulated rainfall, and average temperature. The causes of the long-term population decline must be identified to conserve A. annae and similar species, as well as establishing long-term monitoring programs. Required conservation actions include: translocation individuals from risky areas, creation of artificial ponds to increase ecological connectivity, elimination of introduced species, particularly in small habitat remnants, and establishment of ex situ conservation programs.</p>
Data from: The active mouse rests within: Energy management among and within individuals
<p>1. The relationship between daily energy expenditure (DEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) provides insight into how organisms allocate energy to maintenance <i>versus</i> energetically expensive activities such as locomotor activity.</p> <p>2. Three models have been devised to describe energy management: the allocation, independent, and performance models, which respectively predict a DEE-RMR slope of <i>b</i><1, <i>b</i>=1, and <i>b</i>>1.</p> <p>3. Here, we took paired repeated metabolic and behavioural measurements in 51 female white-footed mice to 1) evaluate which energy management models apply at the among- and within-individual levels, and to 2) quantify the relationship between metabolic traits and two energetically expensive behaviours.</p> <p>4. The DEE-RMR slope was different at the among- <i>versus</i> within-individual levels, with values supporting the performance and allocation models at the among- and within-individual levels, respectively. Accordingly, the relationship between voluntary wheel running and RMR was positive at the among-individual level (<i>r</i><sub> </sub>= 0.40±0.21), but negative at the within-individual level (<i>r </i>= -0.23±0.10).</p> <p>5. To our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously partition the relationship between RMR and behaviour at the among- <i>versus</i> within-individuals levels while determining which energy management models apply at each of these levels. In doing so, we have identified a mechanism through which compensation occurs at the within-individual level.</p>
Supplemental files for Clinical outcome after endovascular treatment in patients with active cancer and ischemic stroke: a MR CLEAN Registry substudy
<p>Supplemental files for Clinical outcome after endovascular treatment in patients with active cancer and ischemic stroke: a MR CLEAN Registry substudy</p>
Active neural coordination of motor behaviors with internal states
<p>The brain must continuously coordinate skeletomuscular movements with internal physiological states like arousal, but how is this coordination achieved? One possibility is that brain simply reacts to changes in external and/or internal signals. Another possibility is that it is actively coordinating both external and internal activities. We used functional ultrasound imaging to capture a large medial section of the brain, including multiple cortical and subcortical areas, in marmoset monkeys while monitoring their spontaneous movements and cardiac activity. By analyzing the causal ordering of these different time-series, we found that information flowing from the brain to movements and heart rate fluctuations were significantly greater than in the opposite direction. The brain areas involved in this external versus internal coordination were spatially distinct but also extensively interconnected. Temporally, the brain alternated between network states for this regulation. These findings suggest that the brain's dynamics actively and efficiently coordinate motor behavior with internal physiology.</p>
Data from: Dynamics in brain activation and behaviour in acute and repeated social defensive behaviour
<p>In nature, confrontations between conspecifics are recurrent and related, in general, due to the lack of resources such as food and territory. Adequate defences against a conspecific aggressor are essential for the individual's survival and the group integrity. However, repeated social defeat is a significant stressor promoting several behavioural changes including social defence per se. What would be the neural basis of these behavioural changes? To build new hypotheses about this, we here investigate the effects of repeated social stress on the neural circuitry underlying motivated social defence behaviour in male mice. We observed that animals re-exposed to the aggressor three times spent more time in passive defence during the last exposure than in the first one. These animals also show less activation of the amygdalar and hypothalamic nuclei related to the processing of conspecific cues. In turn, we found no changes in the activation of the hypothalamic dorsal pre-mammillary nucleus (PMD) that is essential for passive defence. Therefore, our data suggest that the balance between the activity of circuits related to conspecific processing and the PMD determines the pattern of social defence behaviour. Changes in this balance may be the basis of the adaptations in social defence after repeated social defeat.</p>
Supplementary files of "The Improved Micropropagation of Red-fleshed Pitaya (Hylo-cereus polyrhizus) 'Da Hong' with/without Combinations of Activated Charcoal, Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and Benzyla-minopurine"
<p>Supplementary files of "The Improved Micropropagation of Red-fleshed Pitaya (Hylo-cereus polyrhizus) 'Da Hong' with/without Combinations of Activated Charcoal, Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and Benzyla-minopurine"<br> <br> Figure captions</p> <p>Figure S1. In vitro shoot regeneration and root induction of Hylocereus polyrhizus ‘Da Hong’ from Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.05–0.20 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Treatments: CS, control; TS01, 0.05 mg/L NAA; TS02, 0.10 mg/L NAA; TS03, 0.20 mg/L NAA. Bar = 5 cm.</p> <p>Figure S2. Plantlet weight, including shoots and roots, and root:shoot ratio of Hylocereus polyrhizus 'Da Hong' grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone. Treatment: CS, control; TS01, 0.05 mg/L NAA; TS02, 0.10 mg/L NAA; TS03, 0.20 mg/L NAA. Mean ± SE (n = 3, 5 segments per replicate). Means followed by different letters near the column and circle are significantly different at P = 0.05 using Fisher's protected LSD test.<br> </p>
Human recreation impacts seasonal activity and occupancy of American black bears (Ursus americanus) across the urban-wildlife interface
<p>The datasets used for all analyses throughout the study that are downloaded from the Yooper Wildlife Watch Project found on Zooniverse. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.