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opennotspecifiedSep 2014View details →

Figs. 13–17. 13 in New Host Records and Other Notes on North American Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)

Figs. 13–17. 13) Young Sumitrosis inaequalis larva mining in white wood aster (Eurybia divaricata) leaf; egg at upper right; 14) Mine of Sumitrosis rosea in leaf of Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus); 15) Detail of presumed Dibolia chelones mine in leaf of white turtlehead (Chelone glabra), showing squiggly strings of frass; 16) Leaf of climbing false buckwheat (Fallopia scandens) mined by four Mantura floridana larvae; 17) Mines of Monoxia angularis in Atriplex prostrata leaf.

opennotspecifiedSep 2014View details →

Figs. 7–12. 7 in New Host Records and Other Notes on North American Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)

Figs. 7–12. 7) Presumed mine of Microrhopala rubrolineata in Brickellia betonicifolia leaf; 8) Brickellia betonicifolia leaf with skeletonizing by adult Octotoma marginicollis. The mine along the leaf margin was possibly made by a larva of this species; 9) Hog-peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata) leaf with mine of Odontota mundula overlapping mine of Leucanthiza amphicarpeaefoliella. The latter is visible as an indistinct band of frass in the lower left; 10) Mine of Odontota scapularis in groundnut leaf, with excrement-covered egg mass at right edge of photo; 11) Odontota scapularis egg mass containing pupae of parasitoid wasps; 12) Mine of Stenopodius texanus in Abutilon leaf.

opennotspecifiedSep 2014View details →

Figs. 1–6. 1 in New Host Records and Other Notes on North American Leaf-Mining Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)

Figs. 1–6. 1) Baliosus californicus mine in Ceanothus velutinus leaf; 2) Leaf mine in black oak (Quercus velutina) with section of upper epidermis removed to reveal two Baliosus nervosus adults and larval frass pattern; 3) Detail of Baliosus nervosus mine in black birch (Betula lenta) leaf, with ragged hole at lower right; 4) Chalepus bicolor larva mining in deertongue grass (Dichanthelium clandestinum), with frass expelled along the leaf margin; 5) Feeding sign of Chalepus walshii adults; 6) Glyphuroplata pluto larva mining in Panicum leaf, with frass in long strands.

opennotspecifiedMar 2008View details →

Fig. 2 in New Host Record for Megacerus flabelliger Fåhraeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) and Some Notes about its Life History

Fig. 2. Adults of the most numerous morphotype of Eulophidae that emerged from seeds of Merremia macrocalyx a) lateral view; b) dorsal view; c) adult wasp emerging from the seed.

opennotspecifiedJun 2015View details →

Figs. 1–9 in Oenothera pilosellaRaf. (Onagraceae): First Larval Host Record ForDietzella zimmermanni(Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) andAltica pedipallidaLesage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)

Figs. 1–9. Altica pedipallida: 1) Mature larva; 2) Larval feeding damage and frass (Dietzella zimmermanni larva feeding in upper right); 3) Adult. Dietzella zimmermanni: 4) Larva, lateral view; 5) Larval feeding damage; 6) Mature larva, dorsal view, with fecal covering partially removed; 7) Pupa; 8) Abandoned cocoon; 9) Adult.

opennotspecifiedJun 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Cycloneda sanguinea(L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a Host forHomalotylus hemipterinus(De Stefani) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Brazil

Fig. 1. Pre-pupae of Cycloneda sanguinea killed by Homalotylus hemipterinus. Arrows indicate emergence holes of the adult parasitoid.

opennotspecifiedJun 2015View details →

Figs. 1–2 in Agrilus cuprescens(Ménétries) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), the Rose Stem Girdler, Discovered in the State of Washington, with Comments on Host Plant Associations

Figs. 1–2. Agrilus cuprescens, adults on garden rose. 1) Olympia, Washington, 3 June 2014, photograph by Megan Asche; 2) Davenport, Washington, 11 June 2014, photograph by Jeanne Dammerall.

Fig. 4 in Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Fig. 4. Collection and emergence dates for each of the 27 clades (putative species) of Synergus in this study. Dots indicate individual Synergus emergences; left-most margins of boxes demarcate the earliest gall collection that produced Synergus in each clade. In three cases, boxes with different border styles are used to indicate collection events from galls that occur at different times during the year, and which may indicate the use of temporally distributed gall hosts. Though galls were sometimes collected in different years, each collection was standardized to the year in which the gall first formed. Dates span>1 yr because some insects did not emerge from galls until more than a year after galls were collected.

Fig. 5 in Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Fig. 5. Collection dates, emergence dates, and gall morphologies of three species previously collected under the name Synergus laeviventris.The relationships (as implied by mtCOI) among the three species are shown in the tree at left. Red triangles denote collection dates for galls from which at least one S. laeviventris (black dots) later emerged, such that this figure allows for assessment of when S. laeviventris emerged relative to when their host galls were collected. Boxes are used to isolate distinct collection/eclosion relationships from one another, which we interpret as evidence for discrete generations. Gall wasp species are labeled above the photos of their respective galls (* indicates the photo is a cross-section). Dates are organized to reflect emergence of Synergus relative to when focal galls were formed by gall wasps, such that some Synergus emerge up to 1 yr after gall formation. Dates of eclosion are combined across the 3 yr of collection.

Fig. 1 in Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Fig. 1. Map of gall collections that yielded Synergus samples used in this study. For a list of samples, locations, and tree and gall associations, see SuppTable 2 (online only).

Fig. 3 in Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Fig. 3. Summary phylogenetic tree of Nearctic Synergus mtCOI sequences from this study (shown here collapsed into two clades) combined with Palearctic mtCOI sequences from Synergus and other inquilinous cynipids previously published in Ács et al. (2010). Values above the branches represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and the values below the branch are maximum likelihood bootstrap values. See Supp Figs. 48 and 49 (online only) for full trees.

Fig. 2 in Diversity, Host Ranges, and Potential Drivers of Speciation the Inquiline Enemies of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Fig. 2. Overview of all data used in inferring Synergus species hypotheses for this study.Left: simplified mtCOI phylogeny of Synergus included in this study (see Supp Fig. 47 [online only] for full tree). Bold branches indicate support ≥0.9. 'Clade' describes putative species assignments based on the sum of information to the right of this column. Gray bars in ABGD (conservative ['C'] and liberal ['L'] partitions) and bPTP columns indicate assignments of individuals into groups by these respective algorithms. 'Morphological ID' refers to each collection's similarity (or lack of similarity) to previously described species. 'Gall host', 'oak section', 'plant tissue(s)', and 'Host gall morphology' refer to ecological characters for Synergus in each clade, and example photos of galls are shown in Fig. 6.

opennotspecifiedSep 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in Jumping to new hosts: the diversification of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini) in the context of their host plant associations

Fig. 1. Tree reconstruction results of the 113 taxa mitogenome data set. a) Maximum likelihood tree inferred from nucleotide data set using IQ-TREE. Node numbers show bootstrap support values. b) Bayesian tree inferred from the amino acid taxa data using PhyloBayes under the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR model. Node numbers show the posterior probability values. Alticini representatives (from top to bottom): Blepharida sacra, Altica bicarinata, Chaetocnema angustula, Oedionychis cincta, Dibolia alpestris, and Longitarsus gruevi. Picture copyright: Lech Borowiec,Wroclaw, Poland, used with permission.

opennotspecifiedSep 2023View details →

Fig. 2 in Jumping to new hosts: the diversification of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini) in the context of their host plant associations

Fig. 2. Results of diversification rate analyses. a) Results of the branch-specific diversification rate analyses as inferred in BAMM, based on a uniform sampling strategy. Colors indicate relative speciation rates along each branch on the chronogram (increasing from blue to red).The red circles on the branches indicate regime shifts in the maximum shift credibility (MSC) configuration. b) Results of the branch-specific diversification rates as indicated by the LSBDS model in RevBayes. Colors indicate relative speciation rates along each branch on the chronogram (increasing from violet to yellow). c) Net diversification rates as indicated by the best BayesRate model. Alticini representatives (right to left): Psylliodes chalcomera, Phyllotreta armoraciae, Oedionychis cincta, Longitarsus gruevi, and Altica bicarinata. Picture copyright: Lech Borowiec,Wroclaw, Poland, used with permission.

Figure 7. A in Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts

Figure 7. A, ASV richness (Shannon index) using rarefied counts for all the samples in this study. Samples are differentiated by species, tissue type and replicate. B, ASV richness (Shannon index) using rarefied counts for Chondrocladia robertballardi. Samples are differentiated by tissue type and replicate. C, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination of microbiome similarity among samples in this study. D, nMDS ordination of microbiome similarity among samples of C. robertballardi, after data correction for sampling site effect.

Figure 2. A–F in Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts

Figure 2. A–F, faecal pellet analysis of Neopolynoe chondrocladiae from station CS-BT6 (specimen ID CS-BT6-602-B2, light microscopy). A, general view of the polynoid; white arrow indicates the faecal pellet. B, general view of the pellet. C, detail of a pereipod fragment (possibly from the isopod genus Astacilla) within the pellet. D, detail of an appendage of an unidentified crustacean within the pellet. E, aggregation of microsclere isochaelae (white arrow) and scattered anchorate isochaelae (black arrow) within the pellet. F, detail of anchorate isochaela (black arrow in E). G, H, SEM micrographs of a fragment of Chondrocladia robertballardi (specimen ID CS-ECOMARG). G, calanoid copepod (possibly genus Calanus) attached to the anterior part to the axis of C. robertballardi. H, detail of one of the appendages of the copepod surrounded by isochaelae (white arrows).

Figure 1. A in Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts

Figure 1. A, map of the sampling sites in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. B, map of the sampling sites in the Cantabrian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). See Table 1 for details on sampling sites.

Figure 4. A in Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts

Figure 4. A, histological section of an elytron of Neopolynoe chondrocladiae from station CS-BT6 (specimen ID CS-BT6- 602-B2) presenting some microtubercles externally. B, detail of the mid-part of the elytron showing internally calixshaped photocytes (arrowed) arranged along the ventral side of the elytron. C, confocal microscopy picture of an elytron of N. chondrocladiae, ventral view. Brighter autofluorescent cells surrounding the elytrophore scar correspond to photocytes. Absorption spectrum showing a peak at 530 nm. D, confocal microscopy picture of an elytron of Neopolynoe acanellae, ventral view. Brighter autofluorescent cells to the right of the elytrophore scar correspond to photocytes. Absorption spectrum showing a peak at 530 nm. E, confocal microscopy picture of an elytron of Robertianella synopththalma, ventral view. Brighter autofluorescent cells around the elytrophore scar correspond to photocytes. Absorption spectrum showing a peak at 530 nm.

Figure 6. Heatmap showing the top 200 in Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts

Figure 6. Heatmap showing the top 200 most abundant ASVs for each sample. The colour range (0 to 4) represents the log10 transformation of the rarefied counts.

Figure 3. A in Sleeping with the enemy: unravelling the symbiotic relationships between the scale worm Neopolynoe chondrocladiae (Annelida: Polynoidae) and its carnivorous sponge hosts

Figure 3. A, microCT scan capture of C. virgata (NHMUK 1890.4.10.6) and its symbiont Neopolynoe chondrocladiae. Full video of the scan available at https://youtu.be/I7woszSZHEk B, average angle of the parapodia with respect to the body axis of N. chondrocladiae along its body. Measurements were grouped in anterior, mid-anterior, mid-posterior and posterior regions. Inset showing an example of how angles were measured using virtual sections at every chaetiger.