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Selected modeled output variables from ROMS 4DVAR model fits for the P1706 and P1604 CCE-LTER process cruises
Values for Kz and w were extracted from a three-dimensional physical model (9 km horizontal resolution, 42 vertical layers) developed using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) four-dimensional variational data assimilation system (4DVAR) (Moore et al., 2011), then depth-interpolated linearly to calculate values at the MLD. Initial and boundary conditions were taken from the California Current System Reanalysis product produced by the University of California, Santa Cruz. Surface forcing was taken from the 9-km resolution Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) (Doyle, Jiang, Chao, & Farrara, 2009; Hodur, 1997). We assimilated satellite remote sensing products (sea surface height from Ssalto/Duacs and sea surface temperature from AVHRR) and in situ temperature and salinity data vertical profiles collected during CTD measurements on our cruise. Assimilated data were used to update model initial conditions and surface forcing to generate a dynamically-consistent month-long model fit covering the duration of each cruise and producing 8-hr averaged outputs. For detailed descriptions of our ROMS 4DVAR approach, see (Song et al., 2012) and (Miller, Song, & Subramanian, 2015). Kz and w were interpolated to CTD cast locations from the 9-km ROMS 4DVAR solution using bilinear 2D interpolation from the four points comprising the nearest neighbors to the cast coordinates.
Heterotrophic bacterial abundance and biomass were calculated from discrete bottle samples from CCE process cruises in the California Current System, 2007 - 2017 (ongoing).
Seawater samples, fixed with glutaraldehyde, were taken from 6 depths from each mid-day CTD cast to calculate heterotrophic bacterial abundance and biomass.
Heterotrophic bacterial production using 3H-Leucine incorporation from discrete bottle samples from CCE process cruises in the California Current System, 2007 - 2017 (ongoing).
Seawater samples were taken from 6 depths from each mid-day CTD cast to estimate rates of bacterial protein synthesis using the 3H-Leucine incorporation method. Bacterial protein synthesis was converted to bacterial production estimates. These samples are used to further understanding of secondary production and sinks for primary production that can be used to monitor chages at the base of the food web over time.
Integrated daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measured aboard CCE LTER process cruises in the California current, 2006, 2007 and 2008.
Photosynthetically active radiation designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. Daily integrated values were produced for days during three CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current region in 2006, 2007 and 2008.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at depths from 0 to 100 meters, expressed as percentage of surface PAR, measured aboard CCE LTER process cruises in the California current, 2006, 2007 and 2008.
Photosynthetically active radiation designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. Daily values at depths from 0 to 100 meters, expressed as percentage of surface PAR were produced for days during three CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current region in 2006, 2007 and 2008.
N-S and E-W components of the current (averaged by cruise cycle) as measured by a shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) aboard the CCE LTER process cruise in the California Current region, 2007.
Underway measurements by the ADCP are made (about every 15 mins) on cruises to determine how fast water is moving across an entire water column, then averaged by cruise cycle. The ADCP measures the absolute speed of water currents with sound waves (Doppler effect) at multiple depths within the water column, and profile data are available immediately. For these data, the N-S and E-W components of the current were averaged by cycle.
OCO-3 Level 2 CO2 prior based on CO2 monthly flask record, global meteorology, and age of air, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO3_L2_CO2Prior) at GES DISC
Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere.OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations.The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.
BRIC-23 GeneLab Process Verification Test: Staphylococcus aureus transcriptomic proteomic and metabolomic data
Microbes interact with humans in complex ways and understanding how they respond to the spaceflight environment is important to the success of future manned spaceflight missions. The BRIC-23 mission was designed to measure the response of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus to the spaceflight environment. This experiment aimed to produce high quality omics data from B. subtilis and S. aureus grown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to allow comparison to matched ground controls. There were two primary objectives for this experiment: (1) Demonstrate all post-flight processes and operations required for successful completion of GeneLab Reference Missions conducted on ISS and (2) Generate high quality GeneLab Reference Mission omics data sets for two prokaryotic model organisms Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Freezing Control Experiment: The BRIC hardware has significant thermal inertia thus the freezing rate of samples placed at -80 C is quite slow. This could affect RNA-sequencing proteomic and metabolic data sets. In an effort to understand how slow freezing could affect these data sets a control experiment was designed in which B. subtilis and S. aureus were grown in petri plates and either slow frozen to -80 C at a rate matching the BRIC-23 spaceflight samples or processed immediately to harvest RNA and protein. B.subtilis omics data is deposited in GLDS-138.
OCO-2 Level 2 bias-corrected solar-induced fluorescence and other select fields from the IMAP-DOAS algorithm aggregated as daily files, Retrospective processing V11r (OCO2_L2_Lite_SIF) at GES DISC
Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r. The OCO-2 SIF Lite files contain bias-corrected solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence along with other select fields aggregated as daily files. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers.This collection encompass the output from the IMAP-DOAS preprocessor, which is used for both screening of the official XCO2 product as well as for the retrieval of Solar-Induced Fluorescence from the 0.76 micrometer O2 A-band. The IMAP-DOAS preprocessor, just as the ABO2 cloud screen, is implemented in the operational OCO-2 processing pipeline.
OCO-2 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated science spectra Retrospective Processing V11.2r (OCO2_L1B_Science) at GES DISC
Version 11.2r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the output from the Level 1B process. It converts the raw instrument data numbers into calibrated radiances. This conversion is based upon files of instrument characteristics and algorithm parameters that may vary over time. In addition to calibrated radiances, the Level 1B output products have geolocation information recorded for each measurement for use in higher-level processes.
OCO-2 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated science spectra, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO2_L1B_Science) at GES DISC
Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the output from the Level 1B process. It converts the raw instrument data numbers into calibrated radiances. This conversion is based upon files of instrument characteristics and algorithm parameters that may vary over time. In addition to calibrated radiances, the Level 1B output products have geolocation information recorded for each measurement for use in higher-level processes.This is the retrospective processing where the calibration data is estimated from the full timeseries of data (before, during, and after the measurements), and is expected to be of slightly higher quality.
OCO-2 Level 2 spatially ordered geolocated retrievals screened using the A-band Preprocessor, Retrospective Processing V10r (OCO2_L2_ABand) at GES DISC
Version 10r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10r.In early 2021, the OCO Team identified an issue with OCO-2 level 2 products processed since January 28, 2020. The Ancillary Geometric Product (AGAP) file, a static file used in OCO-2 Geolocation processing, was inadvertently replaced with an obsolete version. This AGAP file included a ~300 m pointing error. As a result, all OCO-2 Level 2, version 10r, data files for the period January 28 - December 31, 2020, were corrected and replaced. The replacement process was completed by the end of June, 2021. The significance of this error has been described in Kiel et al. (2019; doi:10.5194/amt-12-2241-2019).The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers.
OCO-3 Level 2 meteorological parameters interpolated from global assimilation model for each sounding, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO3_L2_Met) at GES DISC
Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere.OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations.The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.
OCO-3 Level 2 meteorological parameters interpolated from global assimilation model for each sounding, Retrospective Processing V10r (OCO3_L2_Met) at GES DISC
Version 10r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere.OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations.The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.
OCO-2 Level 2 bias-corrected solar-induced fluorescence and other select fields from the IMAP-DOAS algorithm aggregated as daily files, Retrospective processing V11.2r (OCO2_L2_Lite_SIF) at GES DISC
Version 11.2r is the current version of the data set. The OCO-2 SIF Lite files contain bias-corrected solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence along with other select fields aggregated as daily files. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers.This collection encompass the output from the IMAP-DOAS preprocessor, which is used for both screening of the official XCO2 product as well as for the retrieval of Solar-Induced Fluorescence from the 0.76 micrometer O2 A-band. The IMAP-DOAS preprocessor, just as the ABO2 cloud screen, is implemented in the operational OCO-2 processing pipeline.
MERRA-2 tavg3_3d_mst_Np: 3d,3-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Pressure-Level,Assimilation,Moist Processes Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T3NPMST) at GES DISC
M2T3NPMST (or tavg3_3d_mst_Np) is a 3-dimensional 3-hourly time averaged data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilations of moist processes diagnostics on the 42 pressure levels, such as convective rainwater source, 3D flux of ice convective (or nonconvective) precipitation, and 3D flux of liquid convective (or nonconvective) precipitation. The data field is available every three hour starting from 01:30 UTC, e.g.: 01:30, 04:30, … , 22:30 UTC. The information on the pressure levels can be found in the section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).
OCO-3 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated science spectra, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO3_L1B_Science) at GES DISC
Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere.OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations.The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.
OCO-3 Level 2 geolocated XCO2 retrievals results, physical model, Retrospective Processing V10r (OCO3_L2_Standard) at GES DISC
Version 10r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere.OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations.The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.
OCO-3 Level 2 geolocated XCO2 retrieval results and algorithm diagnostic information, Retrospective Processing V10r (OCO3_L2_Diagnostic) at GES DISC
Version 10r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere.OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations.The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.
OCO-2 Level 2 geolocated XCO2 retrievals results, physical model Retrospective Processing V11.2r (OCO2_L2_Standard) at GES DISC
Version 11.2r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. This collection is the output from the algorithm retrieving the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction XCO2 and other quantities from the spectra collected by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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