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13,864 results for “staging”
Optimal Stopover Model: a state dependent habitat selection model for staging passerines during migration
<p>1. During their seasonal migration, birds stage in areas comprising stopover sites of varying quality. Given that migrating birds have a limited information about their environments, they may land at a low-quality stopover site in which their fuel deposition rate (FDR) is low. Birds landing at such sites, should decide either to extend their stopover duration or to quickly depart in search for a better site. These decisions, however, strongly depend on their body condition upon landing.</p> <p>2. To understand the decision-making process of passerines within a stopover area, comprising stopover sites of varying quality, prior to the crossing of a large ecological barrier, we constructed a state-dependent habitat selection model. The model assumes that even if migrating birds have an expectation of encountered area quality, they cannot control for their initial landing site. Once landing, movement between a low to high quality stopover site will occur only if the body condition of these birds is high to the extent that they can entail the energetic cost of movement. Birds in the model aim to maximize their fuel load at the end of the stopover period, to suffice for successfully crossing a large ecological barrier.</p> <p>3. The model is based on empirical data on autumn migrating Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), collected at two important stopover sites in the Negev desert of Israel. Migrating passerines staging at these two sites differ in their fuel deposition rate and body condition. The model shows that the optimal behavior when arriving at a low-quality stopover site is to abandon it quickly. However, as lean individuals cannot entail the costs of searching for an alternative site, they have no other choice but to stay there even if their chances to successfully cross the Sahara Desert ahead are low.</p> <p>4. Our model can be applied to other ecological systems. Proper use of this model may allow good assessment of stopover site quality, as indicated by the bird's fuel deposition rate, regardless of specific site characteristics. Hence it can help applying targeted management decisions regarding the maintenance of stopover sites or establishment of new ones.</p>
FIGURE 15 in Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
FIGURE 15. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous male, terminal abdomen, ventral view. 15a. form one, 15b. form two. Scale 0.15 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
FIGURE 12. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous female, terminal abdomen truncate. 12a, dorsal view, 12b. lateral view. Scale 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 5–7. 5 in Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
FIGURES 5–7. 5. Potamobates anchicaya, third instar, dorsal view, without appendages. Scale 0.5 mm. 6, 7. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous female, dorsal view, without appendages. 6. fourth instar, 7. fifth instar. Scale 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 11 in Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
FIGURE 11. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous male, terminal abdomen ventral view. 11a. fourth instar, 11b. fifth instar. Scale 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 8–10. 8, 9 in Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
FIGURES 8–10. 8, 9. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous male, dorsal view, without appendages. 8. fourth instar, 9. fifth instar. Scale 0.5 mm. 10. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous female of fifth instar, terminal abdomen ventral view. Scale 0.10 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
FIGURE 13. Potamobates anchicaya, apterous female, terminal abdomen with caudal projection. 13a. dorsal view, 13b. ventral view, 13c. lateral view, shape one, 13d. lateral view, shape two. Scale 0.10 mm.
FIGURE 2. Xanthodius denticulatus. Zoea I. A in First zoeal stage of?Cataleptodius parvulus (Fabricius, 1793) and Xanthodius denticulatus (White, 1848) (Decapoda: Brachyura): larval evidences and systematic position
FIGURE 2. Xanthodius denticulatus. Zoea I. A, whole larva, lateral view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandible; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G. first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I. abdomen.
FIGURE 8 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 8. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), first juvenile: A, first maxilliped; B, second maxilliped; C, third maxilliped; D, first pereiopod; E magnification of chela; F, third pereiopod; G, third pleopod; H, uropod; I, telson. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 7. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), first juvenile: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, antenna; D, antennule; E, mandible; F, maxillule; G, maxilla. Scale bars= 1 mm (A,B), 0.1 mm (C–G).
FIGURE 6 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 6. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), telson: A, zoea I; B, zoea II; C, decapodid; third pleopod: D, zoea I; E, zoea II; F, decapodid. Scale bar = 0.5 mm (A–C), 0.25 mm (D–F).
FIGURE 5 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 5. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), pereiopods first to fifth: A–E, zoea I; F–J, zoea II; K–O, decapodid. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 3. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), mandible: A, zoea I; B, zoea II; C, decapodid; maxillule: D, zoea I; E, zoea II; F, decapodid; maxilla: G, zoea I; H, zoea II; I, decapodid. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 4. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), first maxilliped: A, zoea I; B, zoea II; C, decapodid; second maxilliped: D, zoea I; E, zoea II; F, decapodid; third maxilliped: G, zoea I; H, zoea II; I, decapodid. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 2. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), antennule: A, zoea I; B, zoea II; C, decapodid; antenna: D, zoea I; E, zoea II; F, decapodid. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Morphology of larval and first juvenile stages of the kangaroo shrimp Dugastella valentina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea), a freshwater atyid with abbreviated development and parental care
FIGURE 1. Dugastella valentina (Ferrer Galdiano, 1924), lateral view: A, zoea I; B, zoea II; C, decapodid; dorsal view: D, zoea I; E, zoea II; F, decapodid. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in The hydroid and early medusa stages of the deep sea jellyfish Earleria purpurea (Hydrozoa: Mitrocomidae) from the Monterey Bay Submarine Canyon, USA
FIGURE 3. Medusa stages of Earleria purpurea; a newly released medusa, b 8-tentacle stage medusa, c 16-tentacle stage medusa, d 32-tentacle stage medusa; scale bar = 2mm.
FIGURE 1 in The hydroid and early medusa stages of the deep sea jellyfish Earleria purpurea (Hydrozoa: Mitrocomidae) from the Monterey Bay Submarine Canyon, USA
FIGURE 1. Early life history of Earleria purpurea; a planula, b pre-settlement primary hydranth; scale bar a, b = 0.5mm, c primary hydranth; scale bar c = 1mm.
FIGURES 9–14. Third instar. 9. Pseudocephalic segment, ventral view. 10 in Morphology of preimaginal stages of Minettia longipennis Fabricius (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)
FIGURES 9–14. Third instar. 9. Pseudocephalic segment, ventral view. 10. Pseudocephalic and first thoracic segment, lateral view. 11. Maxillary palpus. 12. Detail of cirri, ventral organ and tip of mouth hook. 13. Abdominal segments, ventral view, anterior end on the top. 14. Abdominal segments, dorsal view, anterior end on the top. AN, antenna; AS, anterior spiracle; A3, A6, third and sixth abdominal segment, C, cirri; CR, crevice; DCW, dorsal creeping welt; DT, dorsal tubercle; LL, labial lobe; MH, mouth hook; MP, maxillary palpus; NS1, NS2, first and second additional sensilla; SB1-4, first to fourth sensillum basiconicum; SC1-3, first to third sensillum ceoloconicum; T1, first thoracic segment; VCW, ventral creeping welt; VO, ventral organ.
FIGURES 22–24 in Morphology of preimaginal stages of Minettia longipennis Fabricius (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)
FIGURES 22–24. Cephalopharyngeal skeletons of individual instars, from the left: dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 22. First instar. 23. Second instar. 24. Third instar. db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornu; ds, dental sclerite; es, epistomal sclerite; hmh, hook part of mouth hook; is, intermediate sclerite; lb, labrum; ls, labial sclerite; mh, mouth hook; pb, parastomal bar; ph, pharynx; r, rami; vb, ventral bridge; vc, ventral cornu; shs, subhypostomal sclerite; smh, stalked part of mouth hook.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.