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12,683 results for “tolerability”
Tolerance of Future Professionals Towards Corruption. Analysis Through the Attitues of Students of Lima's Universities Regarding Situations Related to Ethics and Morals
<p>Ponencia - IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Marketing Social</p>
Data from: Genetic basis for variation in salinity tolerance between stickleback ecotypes
Adaptation to different salinities can drive and maintain divergence between populations of aquatic organisms. Anadromous and stream ecotypes of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are an excellent model to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying osmoregulation divergence. Using a parapatric pair of anadromous and stream stickleback ecotypes, we employed an integrated genomic approach to identify candidate genes important for adaptation to different salinity environments. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of plasma sodium concentrations under a seawater challenge experiment identified a significant QTL on chromosome 16. To identify candidate genes within this QTL, we first conducted RNA-seq and microarray analysis on gill tissue to find ecotypic differences in gene expression that were associated with plasma Na+ levels. This resulted in the identification of ten candidate genes. Quantitative PCR analysis on gill tissue of additional Japanese stickleback populations revealed that the majority of the candidate genes showed parallel divergence in expression levels. Second, we conducted whole-genome sequencing and found five genes that are predicted to have functionally important amino acid substitutions. Finally, we conducted genome scan analysis and found that eight of these candidate genes were located in genomic islands of high differentiation, suggesting that they may be under divergent selection. The candidate genes included those involved in ATP synthesis and hormonal signalling, whose expression or amino acid changes may underlie the variation in salinity tolerance. Further functional molecular analysis of these genes will reveal the causative genetic and genomic changes underlying divergent adaptation.
Figure 2 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance
Figure 2: Photographs of the six Halimeda species examined at their natural growth sites.
Limitations of plant stress tolerance upon heat and CO2 exposure in black ploplar: Assessment of photosynthetic traits and stress volatile emissions
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Phenotypic and genotypic data of genomic selection study of spring frost tolerance of Norway spruce
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Raw data and analysis scripts underlying the publication "Grover's algorithm in a four-qubit silicon processor above the fault-tolerant threshold"
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Supplementary material 1 from: Lakoba VT, Welbaum GE, Seiler JR, Barney JN (2021) A perennial invader's seed and rhizome differ in cold tolerance and apparent local adaptation. NeoBiota 70: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.70.64614
Table S1
Dataset used in the paper: Photosynthetic heat tolerance in plants with different foliar water uptake strategies
<p>Dataset used in the paper "Photosynthetic heat tolerance in plants with different foliar water uptake strategies".</p>
Long term environmental stability drives reduced stress tolerance in salt lake invertebrates
<p>The capacity of species to tolerate physical stressors is critical in a world of increasing environmental instability, however, past selective environments should dramatically impact on future stress tolerance, particularly in isolated populations. Through stabilising selection, long-term environmental stasis may reduce physiological tolerance, creating an evolutionary legacy where populations are less fit if environments change. Few empirical studies have investigated this evolutionary legacy of past selection, and of particular interest whether stabilising selection in a benign environment reduces stress tolerance in natural systems. Here we use multiple populations of salt-lake invertebrates (<i>Coxiella striata, Austrochiltonia subtenuis</i>) with either stable or fluctuating environmental histories to investigate the relationship between stabilising selection and environmental stress resistance. Tolerance to both salinity and temperature stress were examined in invertebrate populations from lakes with long-term (decadal) stable environments and compared with populations from lakes with extreme salinity variations. Individuals from stable environments demonstrated significantly lower survival under both increasing salinity and temperature stresses when compared with environmentally unstable populations. Our results support the hypothesis that the evolutionary legacy from stabilising selection in constant environments leads to reduced stress tolerance. This finding demonstrates that under an increasingly variable climate, the evolutionary legacies of populations will be critical for future survival and adaptation.</p>
Range expansion, habitat use and choosiness in a butterfly under climate change: marginality and tolerance of oviposition site selection
<p>Poleward range shifts under climate change involve the colonization of new sites and hence the foundation of new populations at the expanding edge. We studied oviposition site selection in a butterfly under range expansion (<i>Lycaena dispar</i>), a key process for the establishment of new populations. We described and compared the microhabitats used by the species for egg laying with those available across the study sites both in edge and in core populations. We carried out an ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) to estimate (1) the variety of microhabitats used by the butterfly for egg laying (tolerance) and (2) the extent to which these selected microhabitats deviated from those available (marginality). Microhabitat availability was similar in edge and core populations. Ambient temperature recorded at the site level above the vegetation was on average lower at core populations. In contrast with what is often assumed, edge populations did not have narrower microhabitat use compared to core populations. Females in edge populations even showed a higher degree of generalism: they laid eggs under a wider range of microhabitats. We suggest that this pattern could be related to an overrepresentation of fast deciding personalities in edge populations. We also showed that the thermal time window for active female behaviour was reduced in edge populations, which could significantly decrease the time budget for oviposition and increase the threshold of acceptance during microhabitat selection for oviposition in recently established populations.</p>
Self Efficacy and Risk Tolerance
<p>This includes tally results for self efficacy and risk tolerance of stock investors in Baguio City</p>
Salinity Legacy: Foliar microbiome's history affects mutualist-conferred salinity tolerance
<p>The rapid human-driven changes in the environment during the Anthropocene have placed extreme stress on many plants and animals. Beneficial interactions with microorganisms may be crucial for ameliorating these stressors and facilitating the ecosystem services host organisms provide. Foliar endophytes, microorganisms that reside within leaves, are found in essentially all plants and can provide important benefits (e.g., enhanced drought tolerance or resistance to herbivory). However, it remains unclear how important the legacy effects of the abiotic stressors that select on these microbiomes are for affecting the degree of stress amelioration provided to their hosts. To elucidate foliar endophytes' role in host plant salt-tolerance, especially if salinity experienced in the field selects for endophytes that are better suited to improve salt-tolerance of their hosts, we combined field collections of 90 endophyte communities from 30 sites across the coastal Everglades with a manipulative growth experiment assessing endophyte inoculation effects on host plant performance. Specifically, we grew >350 red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings in a factorial design that manipulated the salinity environment the seedlings experienced (freshwater vs. saltwater), the introduction of field-collected endophytes (live vs. sterilized inoculum), and the legacy of salinity stress experienced by these introduced endophytes [ranging from no salt stress (0 ppt salinity) to high salt stress (40 ppt) environments]. We found that inoculation with field-collected endophytes significantly increased mangrove performance across almost all metrics examined (15-20% increase on average) and these beneficial effects typically occurred when grown in saltwater. Importantly, our study revealed the novel result that endophyte-conferred salinity tolerance depended on microbiome salinity legacy in a key coastal foundation species. Salt-stressed mangroves inoculated with endophyte microbiomes from high salinity environments performed, on average, as well as plants grown in low-stress freshwater, while endophytes from freshwater environments did not relieve host salinity stress. Given the increasing salinity stress imposed by sea level rise and the importance of foundation species like mangroves for ecosystem services, our results indicate that consideration of endophytic associations and their salinity legacy may be critical for successful restoration and management of coastal habitats.</p>
Tolerability of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome
<div class="article-abstract article-page-general-text-mobile research-layout"> <div class="abstract-text is-expanded js-article-abstract">Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a form of autonomic dysregulation. There is increasing evidence that the etiology may be immune-mediated in a subgroup of patients. Patients with POTS often experience an exacerbation of their symptoms associated with infections and often fear the same symptom aggravation after vaccination. With this data we conducted a study to describe the tolerability of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and the consequences of a COVID-19 infection on POTS symptoms in our cohort of patients with neuropathic POTS.<br><br>We conducted a standardized, checklist-based interview with 23 patients and recorded the acute side effects of mRNA vaccination, acute symptoms of COVID-19 infection as well as the effects of vaccination and COVID-19 infection on POTS symptoms. The following side effects were assessed in their presence (yes/no) and duration (days): fever, shivering, fatigue, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, nausea, emesis, diarrhea, and reaction at injection site (pain, swelling and cutaneous reaction). For COVID-19 infection, the following additional symptoms were queried: coughing, sore throat, rhinorrhea, breathlessness, loss of taste, loss of smell and chest pain. For each symptom, the presence (yes/no), severity (mild, moderate, severe) and duration (in days) were evaluated. Furthermore, the duration of the infection, need for hospitalization and incapacity for work were assessed. To assess possible exacerbation of POTS symptoms, the presence (yes/no), severity (mild, moderate, severe; for COVID-19 infection only) and duration of symptom exacerbation (in days) for the following symptoms were evaluated: dizziness, nausea, weakness, palpitations, lightheadedness, tremulousness, blurred vision, concentration difficulties, memory difficulties, orthostatic leg and/or arm pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep disturbances, restless legs syndrome and orthostatic headache. <br><br>Our observations suggest that mRNA vaccines are not associated with a higher frequency of acute side effects in patients with POTS. Symptom exacerbation as a consequence of mRNA vaccination seems to be less frequent and of shorter duration compared to patients who suffered a COVID-19 infection.</div> <div class="abstract-text is-expanded js-article-abstract"> </div> <div class="abstract-text is-expanded js-article-abstract">This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the local ethics committee (Kantonale Ethikkommission Bern, Switzerland, project-ID: 2021-02115; 02.11.2021).</div> </div>
Urban rooftop-nesting Common Nighthawk chicks tolerate high temperatures by hyperthermia with relatively low rates of evaporative water loss
<p class="western"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Heat tolerance for many birds under climate and land use change scenarios could be compromised in the future. Common Nighthawks (</span><span><i>Chordeiles minor</i></span><span>) belong to the Caprimulgiformes, a generally heat-tolerant order, but few studies have assessed heat tolerance in Caprimulgiform chicks, which might be particularly susceptible to heat stress. In the Midwestern U.S., nighthawks primarily nest on flat graveled rooftops in urban areas, as natural nesting habitats are limited. Urban rooftop-nesting nighthawks are likely exposed to higher environmental temperatures than birds nesting at more thermally buffered natural sites and evaporative cooling might be impeded by the typically high summer humidity in their Midwest breeding range. This combination of heat and humidity might negatively impact heat tolerance of nighthawk chicks. We exposed </span>7 to 14 day-old <span>nighthawk chicks (n = 15) from rooftop nests to ambient temperatures up to 51</span>° C <span>at typical summer dew points. </span>Chicks initiated gular flutter at a mean air temperature of 42.4 ± 3.4 (SE) °C. <span>Evaporative water loss (EWL) rates increased significantly with increasing temperature above </span>44.0 ± 1.5 (SE) °C. Chicks showed little evidence of lower and upper bounds of the thermal neutral zone over the range of temperatures (30-44 °C) for which we measured oxygen consumption. Body mass loss was significantly positively correlated with temperature during heat exposure trials. Chicks tolerated ambient temperatures up to 51 °C and body temperatures up to 48 °C, which, along with the high temperatures at which gular flutter and high rates of EWL were initiated, suggest that nighthawk chicks are tolerant of high air temperatures, even with relatively high humidity. Given the high rates of mass loss and high body temperatures at hot air temperatures, chick heat tolerance mechanisms could be detrimental for rooftop-nesting nighthawks given projected increasing trends for both heat and humidity in the Midwestern U.S.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Glucose tolerance predicts survival in old zebra finches
<p><span>This data set complies information on meassurements of glucose tolerance obtained from a sample of 122 zebra finches. We tested for a link between the capacity to regulate glucose levels and survival. We also investigated for the effects of ambient factors, age, sex, and manipulated developmental and adult conditions (i.e. natal brood size and foraging cost, in a full factorial design) on glucose tolerance. Glucose tolerance was quantified using the incremental 'area under the curve' (AUC), with lower values indicating higher tolerance: a lower depart from baseline levels and faster return to them, after exogenous administration of glucose. Glucose tolerance predicted survival probability in old birds, above the median age, with individuals with higher glucose tolerance showing better survival than individuals with low or intermediate glucose tolerance. In young birds there was no association between glucose tolerance and survival. Experimentally induced adverse developmental conditions did not affect glucose tolerance, but low ambient temperature at sampling and hard foraging conditions during adulthood induced a fast return to baseline levels (i.e. high glucose tolerance). These findings can be interpreted as an efficient return to baseline glucose levels when energy requirements are high, with glucose presumably being used for energy metabolism or storage. Glucose tolerance was independent of sex. Our main finding that old birds with higher glucose tolerance had better survival supports the hypothesis that the capacity to efficiently cope with a physiological challenge predicts lifespan, at least in old birds. </span></p>
Autumn larval cold tolerance does not predict the northern range limit of a widespread butterfly species
Climate change is driving range shifts, and a lack of cold tolerance is hypothesized to constrain insect range expansion at poleward latitudes. However, few, if any, studies have tested this hypothesis during autumn when organisms are subjected to sporadic low temperature exposure but may not have become cold tolerant yet. In this study, we integrated organismal thermal tolerance measures into species distribution models for larvae of the Giant Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio cresphontes, living at the northern edge of its actively expanding range. Cold hardiness of field-collected larvae was determined using three common metrics of cold-induced physiological thresholds: the supercooling point (SCP), critical thermal minimum (CTmin), and survival following cold exposure. P. cresphontes larvae in autumn have a CTmin of 2.14°C, and were determined to be tolerant of chilling. These larvae have a SCP of -6.6°C and can survive prolonged exposure to -2°C. They generally die, however, at temperatures below their SCP (-8°C), suggesting they are chill tolerant or modestly freeze avoidant. Using this information, we examined the importance of low temperatures at a broad scale, by comparing species distribution models of P. cresphontes based only on environmental data derived from other sources to models that also included the cold tolerance parameters generated experimentally. Our modelling revealed that growing degree-days and precipitation best predicted the distribution of P. cresphontes, while the cold tolerance variables did not explain much variation in habitat suitability. As such, the modelling results were consistent with our experimental results: low temperatures in autumn are unlikely to limit the distribution of P. cresphontes. Further investigation into the ecological relevance of the physiological thresholds determined here will help determine how climate limits the distribution of P. cresphontes. Understanding the factors that limit species distributions is key to predicting how climate change will drive species range shifts.
Dataset and reference: Marine gastropods at higher trophic level show stronger tolerance to ocean acidification
<p><span>Climate change and anthropogenic activities are producing a range of new selection pressures, both abiotic and biotic, on marine organisms. Although it is known that climate change can differentially affect fitness-related traits at different trophic levels of the food web, it is not clear if different trophic levels will respond via phenotypic plasticity </span><span>in the form of maintenance of phenotypes in the face of abiotic and biotic environmental stress </span><span>similarly. To answer this question, we combined a mesocosm experiment (120 days) using a food web comprising three gastropod species from two trophic levels (grazers and meso-predators) and a meta-analysis including 38 studies to address whether different trophic levels exhibit similar phenotypic responses to abiotic and biotic variables. Abiotic (ocean acidification) and biotic (predation) stress significantly influenced body mass, shell mass, shell thickness, and shell strength in both grazers and meso-predators in the mesocosm experiment, with the magnitude of OA effects greater on the meso-predator than the grazers; a result supported by the meta-analysis. In contrast, both mesocosm experiment and meta-analysis found that predation risk induced stronger responses in shell morphology for grazers compared to meso-predators. Together, our findings indicate that higher trophic level species are better able to maintain aspects of their phenotype under OA, suggesting that they may show greater tolerance to climate change effects in general, while lower trophic levels express higher levels of plastic inducible defences to maintain function when under threat of predation. By using marine snails as a model, our study provides new knowledge for understanding how changing environmental conditions may alter biological interactions, and increases our understanding of how climate change may affect ecological communities in which gastropods play a key role.</span></p>
Data and code for "The restriction factor pastrel is associated with host vigor, viral titer, and variation in disease tolerance during Drosophila C Virus infection"
<p>Raw data and R code for:</p> <p>Kutzer M, Gupta V, Neophytou K, Doublet V, Monteith KM, Vale PF. The restriction factor pastrel is associated with host vigor, viral titer, and variation in disease tolerance during Drosophila C Virus infection. bioRxiv. 2022; 2022.06.09.495537. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.09.495537">10.1101/2022.06.09.495537</a></p> <p>Data files are:</p> <p>titre.csv. -viral titre for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, 6 doses of DCV, measured 3 days post-infection<br> survival.csv -survival for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, 6 doses of DCV.<br> fecundity.csv - number of offspring produced by females of 10 DGRP lines when infected with 6 doses of DCV.<br> expression_MK. Baseline and infected expression of G9a and Upd3 for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, following exposure to 10e7 DCV IU/ml.</p>
Drivers of intraspecific differentiation of the alpine cold tolerant herb Notopterygium oviforme: the roles of isolation by distance and ecological factors
<p>Determining the driver mechanisms of phenotypic and genetic divergence of species have long been the central topic in evolutionary biology. However, the relative roles of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment factors in contributing to species divergence is largely undetermined in perennial herbs in East Asia. In this study, we collected population genetic samples of a cold-tolerant perennial herb <i>Notopterygium oviforme</i> in central China. We integrated the population transcriptomes, whole chloroplast genomes, genotyping-by-sequencing, microsatellite markers and ecological environment factors to determine the relative contributions of geography, climatic and soil factors on genetic, chemical and phenotypic trait divergence. The clearly genetic distinction was identified between the west Qinling (WQ) and east Qinling Mountains (EQ) geographical groups within<i> N. oviforme</i>. Interestingly, the two groups have existed the obviously niche conservatism, which might have caused the similarity of most leaf functional traits. Multiple matrix regression with randomization analysis showed that the spatial pattern of intraspecific divergence mainly resulted from effect of IBD, not isolation by environment. Meanwhile, transcriptomic expression divergence and some ecological factors have played the key roles in differentiation of intraspecific lineage. Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that both lineages have experienced the historically population expansion, and the recent range contraction. Molecular dating suggested that the intraspecific divergence was closely associated with the dramatically uplifts of the Qinling Mountains in East Asia. These results demonstrated that the geography, geological and environmental factors together shaped the cryptic intraspecific diversification and population dynamics shifts of<i> </i>perennial cold tolerant herb.</p>
Antibiotic tolerance indicative for persistence is pervasive among clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and shows strong condition dependence - dataset
<p>The dataset is linked to the article entitled 'Antibiotic tolerance indicative for persistence is pervasive among clinical <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> isolates and shows strong condition dependence' with following abstract. </p> <p><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> is an important human pathogen, being one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia and otitis media. Antibiotic resistance in <em>S. pneumoniae</em> is an emerging problem as it depletes our arsenal of effective drugs. In addition, persistence also contributes to the antibiotic crisis in many other pathogens, yet, in <em>S. pneumonia</em>e little is known about antibiotic-tolerant persisters and robust experimental means are lacking. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that exist as a subpopulation within a clonal culture. Being tolerant to lethal antibiotics, they underly the chronic nature of a variety of infections and even help in acquiring genetic resistance. Here, we set out to identify and characterize persistence in <em>S. pneumoniae. </em>Specifically, we followed different strategies to overcome the self-limiting nature of<em> S. pneumoniae </em>as confounding factor in the prolonged monitoring of antibiotic survival needed to study persistence. In optimized conditions, we identified genuine persisters in various growth phases and for four relevant antibiotics through biphasic survival dynamics and heritability assays. Finally, we detected a high variety in antibiotic survival levels across a diverse collection of <em>S. pneumoniae</em> clinical isolates, which assumes that a high natural diversity in persistence is widely present in <em>S. pneumoniae</em>. Collectively, this proof-of-concept significantly progresses the understanding of the importance of antibiotic persistence in<em> S. pneumoniae</em> infections which will set stage for characterizing its relevance to clinical outcomes and advocates for increased attention to the phenotype in both fundamental and clinical research.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.