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Sawgrass above ground biomass from the Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 1999 - ongoing

Sawgrass biomass is measured for TS/Ph-1, 2, 3, & 6 since 1999; TS/Ph-4 & 5 since 1997 to 2006; SRS-1b, 2, & 3 since 2000; SRS1c for 2005 to 2006, and SRS1d since 2006. Three 1 m2 plots are placed on each site. The sites are measured every two months. The number of sawgrass plants is counted for each 1 m2 plot and one third or a minimum of fifteen plants is measured. For each measured plant, measurements of the total number of live leaves, length of the live leaves, and culm diameter at the base are taken. From these measurements we calculate the average leaf length, and the sum of the length of the leaves. We created a model for biomass using a stepwise regression to see which of the variables measured and calculated are more correlated to explain plant biomass. Obtaining the mean biomass for the plants within the plot and multiplying it by the number of plants counted in the plot calculates biomass for each plot. The total biomass for each plot is summed with the other two plots in the same site, and they are averaged to obtain one biomass number per site. To validate our model, plant clippings are obtained in which four plants are clipped (small, medium, large, inflorescence) from each site. The same measurements are applied to the clipped plants as those applied to the measured plants in the plots. The plant clippings are oven dried at 70 degrees C and weighed.

Water Depths and Water Temperatures near Soil Surface from Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 1999 - ongoing

Water depth (from August 1999 to present) and water temperature (from May 2021 to present) are recorded hourly at TS/Ph1a, TS/Ph2 and TS/Ph3 and every 30 minutes at TS/Ph6a and TS/Ph7a. Water depth is measured with pressure water level loggers (Infinities USA or HOBO) that record water height relative to the local soil surface. Water temperature near soil surface is measured with HOBO loggers. Note by IM (2021): The water meters at some of the TS sites have been moved over the years as boardwalks have been reconstructed. There is no set survey datum for these sites, so it is impossible to correct the data to an actual datum. For hydrologic applications, it may be better to use water level data from USGS stations.

Landscape Position Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Fish 1998 - 1999

As part of the Landscape Position Project, we conducted fish sampling on each of 26 lakes using a variety of gear types. Sampling was conducted beginning in the 3rd week in June and running through the endof July in 1998. In 1999, sampling was conducted from early July through August. We used vertical gillnets of various mesh sizes (19, 32, 51, 64, 89-mm stretch mesh) to sample pelagic fishes. The nets were fished in the deep basin of each lake for one diel cycle. We used fyke nets to sample fishes in the shallow near shore areas. Three nets were set, one each at differing locations defined by substrate type (muck, sand and cobble) for one diel cycle. Three crayfish traps were set along side each of the fyke nets. We performed electrofishing over two, 30 minute transects along the near shore area between 0.3 and 1.5-m in depth. Our goal was to capture, identify and measure as many game and non-game fish species as possible Sampling Frequency: one survey on each lake in late June through August of 1998 or 1999 Number of sites: 26

Landscape Position Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Aquatic Macrophytesn 1998 - 1999

Submersed and floating macrophytes were surveyed along transects running perpendicular to shore at two sites representative of muck (organic) and sand substrate macrophyte communities. Data were collected by Karen A. Wilson as part of her PhD work in Northern Wisconsin, (Vilas and Onieda Counties) during July and August of 1998 and 1999. Details of field collections can be found in Wilson, K.A. 2002. Impacts of the invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) in northern Wisconsin lakes. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Number of sites: 30 lakes; 2 sites per lake

Landscape Position Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Vertical Lake Profiles 1998 - 1999

Parameters characterizing the chemical limnology and spatial attributes of 45 lakes were surveyed as part of the Landscape Position Project. Parameters are measured at or close to the deepest part of the lake. A vertical profile of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity are collected at 1 meter increments Sampling Frequency: generally monthly for one summer; for some lakes, one or two samples in one summer Number of sites: 45

Landscape Position Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Benthic Invertebrate Abundance 1998 - 1999

Benthic invertebrate assemblages of 32 lakes were surveyed as part of the Landscape Position Project. We used modified Hester-Dendy colonization substrates to sample benthic invertebrate communities. Each sampling device consisted of a 3"x3" top plate, alternating layers of course and fine mesh, a ''choreboy'' commercial scrubbing puff, alternating layers of coarse (6.35 mm) and fine (3.18 mm) black plastic mesh, and a 3"x3" bottom plate. Two Hester-Dendy samplers were set at a depth of one meter on each of three substrate types (cobble, sand and silt) within each lake for four weeks in late June through late July in either 1998 or 1999. Within each lake, areas of different substrate types were identified using WI-DNR depth contour lake maps, and substrate type was verified by direct observation. Different substrates were sampled to account for invertebrate associations with specific substrate characteristics. Lake order was determined using a modification of the method of Riera et al. (2000). Lake order is a numerical surrogate for groundwater influx and hydrological position along a drainage network, with the highest number indicating the lake lowest in a watershed. Riera, Joan L., John J. Magnuson, Tim K. Kratz, and Katherine E. Webster. 2000. A geomorphic template for the analysis of lake districts applied to Northern Highland Lake District, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Freshwater Biology 43:301-18. Sampling Frequency: one survey on each lake in late June through late July of 1998 or 1999 Number of sites: 32

Landscape Position Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Fish Growth and Mercury Contaminant Data 1998 - 1999

As part of the Landscape Position Project, yellow perch were collected for mercury and isotope analysis by a combination of angling, beach seining, vertical gill net, fyke net and electrofishing in the summers of 1998 and 1999. A total of 86 yellow perch from 25 lakes were analyzed. Scales were used to determine age and length at ages 1 to 3 years. The nitrogen stable isotope signature indicates the relative food-web position of the fish relative to cladocerans collected from the same lake. The N_SIGNATURE value divided by 3.2 gives trophic position relative to cladoceran Sampling Frequency: one survey on each lake in late June through late July of 1998 or 1999 Number of sites: 25

Landscape Position Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Fish Mercury Level 1998 - 1999

Annual primary productivity of Spartina alterniflora in control and fertilized plots at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA, 1999-2025.

Annual productivity is estimated from aboveground biomass in Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh plots on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site. Aboveground biomass is determined non-destructively.

Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S.patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA (1999-2025).

Porewater samples from five marsh locations in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site were collected and analyzed for salinity as well as ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations throughout the growing season. Three sites (a Typha-dominated brackish marsh, a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and a S. patens-dominated salt marsh) are part of a long term study, and include fertilized and non-fertilized sample plots. Two additional, non-fertilized marsh sites, are located on Nelson Island, near Stackyard Road within the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge.

Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S.patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (1999-2025).

A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh surface at three long term marsh control and fertilization experimental research sites. The sites include one Typha-dominated brackish marsh, one Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and one S. patens-dominated salt marsh. Sites are located on the Rowley and upper Parker Rivers in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER.

Surface Elevation Table (SET) data (pin heights) from control and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S. patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (1999-2025).

A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh surface at three long term marsh fertilization experimental research sites. The sites include one Typha-dominated brackish marsh, one Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and one S. patens-dominated salt marsh. Sites are located on the Rowley and upper Parker Rivers in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site.

Plant heights at control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh, Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA (1999-2025).

Plant heights are measured during the growing season in permanent plots at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site. Plant heights are converted to plant weight using an algorithm to generate a non-destructive estimate of aboveground plant biomass.

Aboveground plant biomass and density in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA (1999-2025).

Aboveground plant biomass and density is determined non-destructively during the growing season in permanent control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Laws Point on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site.

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SBC LTER: Ocean: Currents and Biogeochemistry: Moored CTD and ADCP data from Alegria Reef Mooring (ALE), 1999-2021

ADCP (Currents), CTD (Hydrography) and Optics data (Fluorescence, Beam Attenuation and Volume Scattering Function) were collected at Alegria in the Santa Barbara Channel (site ID: ALE). Data have been interpolated to a 20 minute interval. ADCP data are binned at a 1.0 meter interval, measured as height from the bottom to a maximum of 16 bins. All bins may not be filled, and in some cases, data from bins technically above the surface are included. VSF data are available at angles, 100, 125 and 150 degrees. CTD parameters include Pressure, Temperature, Conductivity, Salinity, Density and Fluorescence. The CTD array is located approximately 4.5 meters from the surface, and there are additional temperature thermistors near the CTD array, at the bottom, and mid way between these two. The mooring data collection was terminated in 2021.