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180 results for “20 years”
Fig. 9 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 9. Electromyrmococcus inclusus Williams and Agosti, new species a. Adult female, dorsal aspect. b. Cephalothorax, ventral aspect.
Fig. 10. Electromyrmococcus reginae Williams, new species a in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 10. Electromyrmococcus reginae Williams, new species a. Adult female, dorsolateral aspect. Arrow points to area held by ant with mandibles. b. Posterior segment, dorsal aspect. c. Antenna.
Fig. 5. a in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 5. a. Acropyga sp. 1, gyne with mealybug between mandibles in amber from the Dominican Republic (Frankfurt collection piece, detail). b. Acropyga sp. 1, alate gyne and male in Dominican amber (Frankfurt collection piece). c. Acropyga sp. 2, dealate gyne and mealybug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Harvard collection piece, AMNH DR10228). d. Acropyga sp. 2, alate gyne and mealybug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Harvard collection piece, AMNH DR14403).
Fig. 4 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs (40–50X) of an Acropyga gyne from Saül, French Guiana, carrying a mealybug (collected by C. Johnson). a. Frontal view. b. Oblique lateral view.
Fig. 3 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 3. Alate female of a South African Acropyga carrying a Eumyrmococcus mealybug (redrawn from Prins [1982] by Williams [1993]).
Fig. 8. Electromyrmococcus abductus Williams, new species a in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 8. Electromyrmococcus abductus Williams, new species a. Adult female, ventral aspect. Arrows point to area held by ant with mandibles. b. Posterior segments, dorsal aspect. c. Posterior segments, ventral aspect. d. Anal area. e. Claw.
Fig. 1 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 1. World distribution of Acropyga subgenera (from Emery, 1925; Menozzi, 1936; Weber, 1944; Prins, 1982; Terayama, 1985; Williams, 1998).
Fig. 7 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 7. Azteca alpha Wilson workers with mealybugs in Dominican amber (Larimer piece, AMNH DR14–955). A = Azteca alpha Wilson; M = mealybug; C = Cecidomyiidae.
Climate and vegetation change in a coastal marsh: two snapshots of groundwater dynamics and tidal flooding at Piermont Marsh, NY spanning 20 years
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Association between family income to poverty ratio and nocturia in adults aged 20 years and older
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Occurrences and R code for: Dynamic distribution modeling of the Swamp Tigertail dragonfly Synthemis eustalacta (Odonata: Anisoptera: Synthemistidae) over a 20-year bushfire regime
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Tree growth (height and average basal area increment) and herbivory measurements 20 years after the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek burn
This dataset contains height, diameter at breast height, and average basal area increment of aspen and black spruce from historical sites established in the Hajdukovich Creek burn. 12 pre-established sites were used, 6 from both low and high fire severity. Sites were sampled in 2014, 20 years after the fire. Furthermore, for each individual the distance from sampling point (plotless density), levels of past herbivory, health, basal age (number of tree rings visible from basal disk), age of the tree at 3 meters height, and age and height of some collected twig clusters (evidence of past herbivory) is included.
Forest Inventory of a Whole Tree Harvest: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 5, 2004, 20 years post-harvest
A whole-tree harvest was conducted during the dormant season of 1983-1984 in order to assess ecosystem response to whole-tree logging operations. Pre-harvest forest inventory surveys were conducted in 1982 on the whole of the watershed. Post-harvest surveys were conducted in 1990, 1994 and every 5 years thereafter. This dataset was collected in summer of 2004. Survey methods differed between years due to the variability These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Higher vascular plant abundance associated with decreased ecosystem respiration after 20 years of warming in the forest-tundra -ecotone
<p><span>The ongoing climate warming is promoting shrub abundance in high latitudes, but the effect of this phenomenon on ecosystem functioning is expected to depend on whether deciduous or evergreen species increase in response to warming. </span></p> <p><span>To explore effects of long-term warming on shrubs and further on ecosystem functioning, we analyzed vegetation and ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange after 20 years of warming in the forest-tundra ecotone in sub-arctic Sweden. A previous study conducted nine years earlier had found increased evergreen <em>Empetrum</em> <em>nigrum</em> ssp. <em>hermaphroditum</em> in the forest and increased deciduous <em>Betula</em> <em>nana</em> in the tundra. </span></p> <p><span>Following current understanding, we expected a continued increase in shrub abundance that would be stronger in tundra than in forest. We expected warming to increase ecosystem respiration (</span><span>R<sub>e</sub></span><span>) and gross primary productivity (GPP), with a greater increase in </span><span>R<sub>e </sub>in tundra due to increased deciduous shrub abundance, leading to a less negative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and reduced ecosystem C sink strength. </span></p> <p><span>As predicted, vascular plant abundances were higher in the warmed plots with a stronger response in tundra than in forest. </span><span>However, whereas <em>B. nana</em> had increased in abundance since the last survey, <em>E. hermaphroditum </em>abundance had declined due to several moth and rodent outbreaks during the past decade. </span><span>I</span><span>n contrast to predictions, </span><span>R<sub>e </sub>was significantly lower in the warmed plots irrespective of habitat, and GPP increased marginally only in the forest. The lower R<sub>e</sub> and a higher GPP under warming in the forest together led to increased net C sink. </span><span>R<sub>e </sub>was negatively associated with the total vascular plant abundance.</span></p> <p><span>Our results highlight the importance of disturbance regimes for vegetation responses to warming. </span><span>Climate warming may promote species with </span><span>both a high capacity to grow under warmer conditions and a resilience towards herbivore outbreaks. Negative correlation between R<sub>e</sub> and total vascular plant abundance further indicates that t</span><span>he </span><span>indirect impacts of increased plants on soil microclimate may become increasingly important for ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange </span><span>in the long </span><span>run</span><span>, </span><span>which adds to the different mechanisms that link warming and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in northern ecosystems.</span></p>
Ancient introgression in mouse lemurs (Microcebus:Cheirogaleidae) explains 20 years of phylogenetic uncertainty
<p>Mouse lemurs (genus <em>Microcebus</em>) are a clade of approximately 26 named species of small, nocturnal primates endemic to Madagascar. The genus radiated one and ten million years ago and is morphologically cryptic, with most species having been named within the past 20 years largely based on phylogenetic analysis of short fragments of mitochondrial data. More recent work has been focused on revisiting species designations with autosomal nuclear data using more sophisticated statistical approaches. The order of speciation events in <em>Microcebus </em>remains contentious, particularly with regard to the placement of the <em>M. ravelobensis </em>clade. We investigated support for previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on available whole-genome assemblies from six species and an outgroup. We recovered over 4,000 one-to-one orthologs from these assemblies and used concatenation and coalescent species tree methods to<em> </em>evaluate if differences between previous studies were due to methodological differences or to limitations from too few loci. Observed gene tree discordance was high with patterns inconsistent with incomplete lineage sorting alone. Therefore, we estimated phylogenetic networks to investigate ancient introgression events that may explain observed gene tree distributions and previous phylogenetic conflicts. A network model, invoking some role for introgressive hybridization in the early evolution of <em>Microcebus</em>, better characterizes phylogenetic relationships than does any binary species tree. Our results provide insights into the biogeographic history of a threatened and diverse group of primates while also highlighting an important role for phylogenetic network methods in resolving cases of phylogenetic uncertainty.</p>
Data from: Diversity of land snail tribe Helicini (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae): where do we stand after 20 years of sequencing mitochondrial markers?
<p>Sequences of mitochondrial genes revolutionized the understanding of animal diversity and continue to be an important tool in biodiversity research. In the tribe Helicini, a prominent group of the western Palaearctic land snail fauna, mitochondrial data accumulating since the 2000s helped to newly delimit genera, inform species-level taxonomy, and reconstruct past range dynamics. We combined the published data with own unpublished sequences and provide a detailed overview of what they revealed about the diversity of the group. The delimitation of <i>Helix</i> is revised by placing <i>Helix godetiana</i> back in the genus and new synonymies are suggested within the genera <i>Codringtonia</i> and<i> Helix</i>. The spatial distribution of intraspecific mitochondrial lineages of several species is shown for the first time. Comparisons between species reveal considerable variation in distribution patterns of intraspecific lineages, from broad postglacial distributions to regions with a fine-scale pattern of allopatric lineage replacement. To provide a baseline for further research and information for anyone re-using the data, we thoroughly discuss the gaps in the current dataset, focusing on both taxonomic and geographic coverage. Thanks to the wealth of data already amassed and the relative ease with which they can be obtained, mitochondrial sequences remain an important source of information on intraspecific diversity over large areas and taxa.</p>
Global Daily Surface Blue-sky Albedo Climatology and Land Cover Climatology Dataset from 20-year MODIS Products (500m)
<p>Only the first days of each month were uploaded to Zenodo due to the data storage limitation, and the full dataset is available at http://glass.umd.edu/albedo_clim/.</p> <p>Surface albedo plays a critical role in climate, hydrological, and biogeochemical modeling and weather forecasting. Therefore, precisely mapping surface albedo climatology globally is necessary to better parameterize environmental systems. We generated a new global surface blue-sky actual and snow-free albedo climatology dataset from 20-year MODIS products from the Google Earth Engine (GEE). </p> <p>The 500m global surface blue-sky daily albedo climatology dataset follows the basic MODIS product format and employed the sinusoidal projection. It includes historical and snow-free blue-sky albedo climatology data. For application convenience, the land cover climatology of MODIS product (MCD12Q1) is also generated and attached. The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and PFT classification climatology of MCD12Q1 since 2001 were also generated.</p>
MAUPP: 20 Years of Urban Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa
<p>This dataset contains 20 years of urban expansion data for 46 case studies located in Sub-Saharan Africa. For more information, see <a href="https://maupp.ulb.ac.be">the MAUPP website</a>. The dataset can also be explored from your browser in an <a href="https://maupp.ulb.ac.be/page/wp1results/">interactive web map</a>. For each case study, the following files are provided:</p> <pre>Filename: builtup_<year>.tif Format: GeoTIFF [UINT8] Description: Binary built-up data for each year. Legend: 0=Not built-up; 1=Built-up. Filename: builtup_history.tif Format: GeoTIFF [UINT8] Description: Age of the built environment. Legend: 0=Not built-up; 1=Before 1995; 2=1995-2000; 3=2000-2005; 4=2005-2010; 5=2010-2015. Filename: expansion_<year1>_<year2>.tif Format: GeoTIFF [UINT8] Description: Characterization of urban expansion between <year1> and <year2>. Legend: 1=Existing built-up; 2=Infill; 3=Expansion; 4=Leapfrog. Filename: training_samples.tif Format: GeoTIFF [UINT8] Description: Training samples extracted from OpenStreetMap. Legend: 1=Built-up; 2=Not built-up. Filename: aoi.geojson Format: GeoJSON Description: Area of interest (EPSG:4326). Filename: validation.json Format: JSON Description: Validation metrics. Filename: metadata.json Format: JSON Description: Creation date, source data, CRS, country, city.</pre>
Persistent effects of fragmentation on tropical rainforest canopy structure after 20 years of isolation
<p>Data of Ecological Application paper "Persistent effects of fragmentation on tropical rainforest canopy structure after 20 years of isolation"</p>
The effectiveness of harvest for limiting wildlife disease: insights from 20 years of chronic wasting disease in Wyoming
<p>Data and code accompanying Moss et al. "The effectiveness of harvest for limiting wildlife disease: insights from 20 years of chronic wasting disease in Wyoming" (Ecological Applications). </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.