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FIGURE 20 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 20. Protula cf. palliata from the Great Bitter Lake, uncini (B&T-C Pol 27-HUJ-Poly-1567). A—Part of torus of thoracic uncini from 7th chaetiger, ca. P+19 teeth in profile view, from apex: 14 teeth in single row, two rows of 3 teeth, 2–?3 rows of 4 teeth (left figure shows method of counting the teeth), B—Abdominal uncinus, profile view, left arrow shows part of uncinus inserted in body wall, right arrow designates section of uncini to the peg corresponding to Fig. D, numbering 23 teeth in profile view, length 46.7 µm, C—Two adjacent abdominal uncini from torus, left uncinus numbering 22 teeth in profile view, length 47.5 µm, D–F—Three views of enlarged peg, D—View taken under oil immersion, showing bilobed tip of peg, 4 teeth in row proximal to the peg; arrow shows part of uncinus corresponding to that designated by right arrow in Figs B, E—SEM micrograph showing frontal view of peg with 4 teeth in the two rows proximal to the peg (4,000 x magnification), peg appears abraded, F—SEM views of abdominal uncini showing markedly bilobed peg; magnification, 6,000 x, G—Part of torus of abdominal uncini from which F was taken, as indicated by arrow; the SEM micrograph of incomplete torus numbered 148 uncini (ends of torus not included on micrograph).

FIGURE 4 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 4. Opercula of Hydroides diramphus. A—Operculum of small individual from Lake Timsah (sample SBE 8, App. Table 2C), B—Specimen from the Great Bitter Lake (legit H. Brattström & J.P. Taasen, 14.I.1975, App. Table 2D). Scales: 100 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 6. The very first serpulid collected from the Suez Canal—Hydroides elegans—from a boat hull, collected by the "Pola" Expedition (Isma'iliya, 17.X.1895, coll. Mus. Vindobonensis, Vienna, Evertebr. Varia, inv. no. 2034 [alte invert. no. 17199]), det. H. Zibrowius. A—Operculum photographed in methylene-blue-glycerine; focus on spines of upper verticil, B—Same, focusing on long tooth arising from the central disk of the verticil, C—Collar chaetae showing characteristic fine teeth and proximal rasp, D, E—Aggregates of tubes on gastropod, Potamides conicus; note the slightly flattened upper surface of the tube. Scales: A, B—100 µm, C—50 µm, D, E—1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 7. Taphonomic residues of Hydroides elegans from mollusc shells collected in the Great Bitter Lake in 1950 by C. Beets. The chitinous residues "survived" more than 50 years in the dried serpulid tubes. A—Body of dried worm, B—Thoracic chaetae, C—Broken but distinctive collar chaetae, D—Residue of verticil, E—Fragment of tube with adhering fascicles of thoracic chaetae (putative identification of species based on tube), F—Thoracic uncini (putative identification to species based on tube), G—Operculum, apical view of verticil, H—Operculum, ¾ view. I. Tube with projecting verticil, lower side of tube. J. Hydroides elegans tube fragment on shell of Gafrarium pectinatum, K—Fusinus polygonoides shell (ca. 11 cm in length), bearing tubes of H. elegans. Scales: A, B, D, E, I, J—1 mm; G, H—100 µm; C, F—50 µm. Figs A, B, D–F, I, K—from Beets' Stn 4, 0.2–0.8 m, C, G —from Stn 21, 1.5–3 m, H—from Stn 1: 1–2.7 m, J—from Stn 19: 5–5.5 m (for stations, see Beets (1953), Appendix Table 2B).

FIGURE 29 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 29. Serpula hartmanae from Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba. Specimen det. as S. concharum in Amoureux et al., 1978: 143, Fig. 11, marked S.c. [TAU-NS-6188], redet. 1990, H.A. ten Hove. A—Cross-section of tube, B—Part of tube, flat surface up, shows 3 longitudinal ridges, middle ridge lower than laterals, C—Part of tube, flat upper part to the right, D—Operculum, apical view, 12 radii, E—Operculum (lateral view) and opercular lobe; arrow designates the peduncular boss proximal to the constriction (also in Fig. 28B), F—View of constriction of opercular peduncle showing characteristic asymmetric proximal boss (enhanced in glycerine mount), G—Branchial lobe, showing pseudoperculum, ca.13 radioles, H—Fascicle of thoracic chaetae (most broken), I, J—Collar chaeta (single unbroken chaeta dissected out from base of fascicle), I—Frontal view, small median tooth between large conical teeth and blade clearly seen, J—Lateral view, K—Abdominal chaetae, L—Posterior? middle abdominal uncinus frontal view (composite picture enables showing rows in focus), detailed dentition, F:1:1:1:1:2:3:3 = F+7/3 rows with maximum number of 3 teeth in the posterior rows, M— Thoracic uncinus, lateral view F+5. Scales: A–E—1 mm, K—10 µm, L, M—50 µm.

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IO Islamic 2848. A Comprehensive History of the Râjahs of Kurg

<p>IO Islamic 2848. A Comprehensive History of the Râjahs of Kurg</p>

FIGURE 32 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 32. Serpula hartmanae from the Suez Canal, Brattström & J.P. Taasen specimen no. 1. A—Tube anterior, B— Tube, 3/4 side-top view, C—Operculum, apical view, 12 radii, D—Operculum, lateral view, E—Branchial radiole showing hyaline bodies, F—Collar chaetae, with 2 conical teeth, with small median tooth visible behind large conical teeth, G—?Abdominal uncinus, lateral view, H—?Abdominal uncinus, ¾ frontal view, I—Abdominal chaetae. Scales: A, B— 1 mm, C, D—0.5 mm, E, G, H—100 µm, F, I—10 µm.

FIGURE 11 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 11. Large spiralled serpulid tube. The tube was present in the test-tube labelled "Serpula vermicularis" by F.A. Potts but should rather be attributed to Hydroides heterocerus (The nominal "Serpula vermicularis" specimen collected by the Cambridge Expedition in the Gulf of Suez that was described in detail by Potts 1928 was no longer present [CUZM]). The abdominal uncini and chaetae shown below were found on skin still attached to the lumen of the tube. A—Upper view of tube (note spirorbid tubes encrusted on outer surface of the tube), B—Ventral view of tube, C—3/4 frontal view of tube, D—Abdominal uncinus, lateral view, F+5, E—Same, frontal view, left, F+10, F—Abdominal chaetae. Scales: A, B—5 mm, C—1 mm, D, F—10 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 3. Serpulid tubeworms encrusted on bivalve molluscs from the biofouling aggregation on the "Yellow Fleet" ships trapped in the Great Bitter Lake. The aggregation on the ships was sampled in January 1975 by H. Brattström & J.P. Taasen before the reopening of the Suez Canal to traffic. A—Spirobranchus tetraceros and spirorbids on Brachidontes pharaonis; note Spirobranchus operculum projecting from upper left tube (see Fig. 33 of S. tetraceros), B—Aggregate of Salmacina incrustans and barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, on Brachidontes pharaonis, C—Minute Josephella marenzelleri tubes at base of spines of Spondylus spinosus shell (from subsample Biv 11 [see App. Table 2D]). Scales: 1 cm.

FIGURE 2 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 2. Biofouling on a ship that was trapped in the Suez Canal for 8 years when the canal was shut down due to the June 1967 war (adapted from Barracca & Thomas 1975). Scale: 1 m.

FIGURE 1 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 1. Map of Suez Canal showing salinity and temperature relations in the areas joined by the canal compiled from various sources. 1—Ben-Eliahu 1977: 70, Table 21, salinity ‰—seasonality, the extreme range of monthly means of sea surface salinity based on daily 00:08 recordings taken by the Nahariyya hydrographic station, northern Israel, 1968–1972 and the Elat hydrographic station, northern Gulf of Aqaba, 1962–1973, 2—Ben-Eliahu et al. 1988: 263, seasonality of sea surface temperature, Mediterranean coast of Israel and Elat, Gulf of Aqaba in °C (data from hydrographic stations listed above), 3—Por 1978: 118–119, fig. 32, southern Cyprus, summer surface isotherm 25°C; summer upwelling; 22°C, 4—Por 1978: 61, depressed salinity in Port Said due to Nile flood, 23.1‰ in autumn, 1872, 5—Ben-Tuvia 1970: 183, depressed surface salinity in Port Said due to Nile flood, autumn peak, IX & X.1960, 6—Thorson 1971: 842– 843, initial salinity at Great Bitter Lake, bottom, 8 m: 68–80‰; surface: 50–52‰, 7—Ghobashy & el-Komi 1981a: 169, 171, seasonality of Lake Timsah salinity and temperature between II.1977–I.1979; Ghobashy & el-Komi 1981b: 180, southern canal, seasonality of salinity and temperature at the Little Bitter Lake (Kabrit) and Suez between II.1977– I.1979, 8—Por 1972: 113–114. Gulf of Suez coast of Sinai, Ras el Missala and Ras es Sudr, 15 and 50 kms south of Suez, respectively, X.1970, Ras el Missalla along the shore, 44.25‰ and 25 m offshore 43.93‰; Ras es Sudr high VIII.1970, 44.25‰; X.1970, 41.69‰ and I.1971, 42‰, 9—Oren 1970: 226 reported 18°C temperature for the Gulf of Suez; however, Por 1972: 114, 1978: 83 noted even lower winter temperatures, particularly inshore, and found that the temperature decrease from south to north of Gulf of Suez corresponds with the depletion of the tropical fauna (i.e., of corals and associated taxa), from the south to the north of the Gulf, 10—Ben-Tuvia 1966: 255, mean monthly sea surface temperatures at Massawa, Eritrea, 11—Oren 1964: 12, table 3, III.1962, profile of Stn 7, surface to 110 m (low to high value, respectively) taken in the south Red Sea off Eritrea, off Entedebir and Dahlak Kebir Islands, 12—Brit 2000 (E. Spanier, pers. comm.): High peak temperature (9 m) prevailing off Haifa, northern Israel during August, 2000.

FIGURE 14 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 14. First record of Hydroides steinitzi in the Suez Canal from a taphonomic residue of the operculum. Operculum, collected in 1950, was within tube inside Chama asperella valve (Beets' Stn 15, 10.4 m, see App. Table 2B). A— Tube in situ, B—Tube removed from valve; note upper surface somewhat encrusted with granular layer, C—Dried opercular residue (verticil) found within the tube had "lasted" 50 years (compare with those in Fig. 13). Scales: B—1 mm, C—100 µm.