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48 results for “28S rDNA”
Figure 12 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 12. Chitinous venom gland and reservoir intimas. (A) Ateleute sp.; (B) Ichneumon sp.; (C) Alomya sp. (Alomyinae); (D) Osprynchotus sp. (Cryptinae); (E) Colpognathus sp. (Ichneumoninae); (F) Hoplismenus sp. (Ichneumoninae); (G) Eusterinx sp. (Orthocentrinae).
Figure 9 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 9. Chitinous venom gland and reservoir intimas. (A) Ganodes sp. (Poemeniinae); (B) Labena sp. (Labeninae); (C) Phaenolobus sp. (Acaenitinae); (D) Coleocentrus sp. (Acaenitinae); (E) Euceros sp. (Eucerotinae); (F) Euceros frigidus Cresson.
Figure 7 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 7. Drawings of transverse sections through mid-part of ovipositor valves. (A) Brachycyrtus, dorsal valve only; (B) Grotea sp. (Labeninae); (C) Pseudorhyssa sternat Merrill (Poemeniinae incertae sedis) [NB. virtually identical to Ganodes sp. (Poemeniinae), not illustrated]; (D) Podoschistus sp. (Poemeniinae); (E) Coelichneumon sp. (Ichneumoninae); (F) Peucobius sp. (Phrudinae); (G) Xenoschesis sp. (Ctenopelmatinae).
Figure 15 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 15. Strict consensus of most parsimonious trees from analysis of morphological data alone (length 1291; RI 0.507; CI 0.166).
Figure 3 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 3. Light photomicrographs of base of ovipositor sheath following maceration in KOH (aq.) and light staining with chlorazol black. (A) Odontocolon (Xoridinae); (B) Phaenolobus (Acaenitinae); (C) Nonnus (Nonninae); (D) Hymenoepimecis (Pimplinae); (E) Coleocentrus (Acaenitinae).
Figure 1 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 1. Plot of log10 number of genera sequenced versus number of currently recognized genera in each subfamily (number of recognized extant genera from Yu and Horstmann 1997; Yu et al. 2005). The point at the origin represents 15 monotypic subfamilies.
Figure 19 in A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision
Figure 19. Summary of recovery of selected ophioniformes clades as monophyletic in most parsimonious trees from analysis of combined morphological and CLUSTAL-aligned molecular data showing effects of different gap-opening and gap-extension values and treatment of gaps as informative or uninformative. Groups are coloured if they were recovered in any of the most parsimonious trees obtained from a particular combination of parameters.
Figure 17 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species
Figure 17. Summaries of selected phylogenetic relationships recovered from parsimony analysis of multiple alignments obtained using different gap opening and gap extension parameter combinations in Clustal W. Half-filled cells indicate that the given relationship was recovered in some but not all of the MPTs obtained with that parameter combination.
Figures 14–16. Female M in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species
Figures 14–16. Female M. roa sp. nov. (14) wings; (15) foretarsal claws; and (16) carapace, median tergites 2 and 3.
Figure 18 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species
Figure 18. Bootstrap consensus tree derived from analysis of elised matrix comprising all 21 individual multiple alignments.
Data from: A large 28S rDNA-based phylogeny confirms the limitations of established morphological characters for classification of proteocephalidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda)
Proteocephalidean tapeworms form a diverse group of parasites currently known from 315 valid species. Most of the diversity of adult proteocephalideans can be found in freshwater fishes (predominantly catfishes), a large proportion infects reptiles, but only a few infect amphibians, and a single species has been found to parasitize possums. Although they have a cosmopolitan distribution, a large proportion of taxa are exclusively found in South America. We analyzed the largest proteocephalidean cestode molecular dataset to date comprising more than 100 species (30 new), including representatives from 54 genera (80%) and all subfamilies, thus significantly improving upon previous works to develop a molecular phylogeny for the group. The Old World origin of proteocephalideans is confirmed, with their more recent expansion in South America. The earliest diverging lineages are composed of Acanthotaeniinae and Gangesiinae but most of the presently recognized subfamilies (and genera) appear not to be monophyletic; a deep systematic reorganization of the order is thus needed and the present subfamilial system should be abandoned. The main characters on which the classical systematics of the group has been built, such as scolex morphology or relative position of genital organs in relation to the longitudinal musculature, are of limited value, as demonstrated by the very weak support for morphologically-defined subfamilies. However, new characters, such as the pattern of uterus development, relative ovary size, and egg structure have been identified, which may be useful in defining phylogenetically well-supported subgroups. A strongly supported lineage infecting various snakes from a wide geographical distribution was found. Although several improvements over previous works regarding phylogenetic resolution and taxon coverage were achieved in this study, the major polytomy in our tree, composed largely of siluriform parasites from the Neotropics, remained unresolved and possibly reflects a rapid radiation. The genus Spasskyellina Freze, 1965 is resurrected for three species of Monticellia bearing spinitriches on the margins of their suckers.
Data from: Secondary structure models of 18S and 28S rRNAs of the true bugs based on complete rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
The sequences of 18S and 28S rDNAs have been used as molecular markers to resolve phylogenetic relationships of Heteroptera for two decades. The complete sequences of 18S rDNAs have been used in many studies, while in most studies only partial sequences of 28S rDNAs have been used due to technical difficulties of amplifying the complete lengths. In this study, we amplified the complete 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871, and reconstructed the secondary structure models of the corresponding rRNAs. In addition, and more importantly, all of the length variable regions of 18S rRNA were compared among 37 families of Heteroptera based on 140 sequences, and the D3 region of 28S rRNA was compared among 51 families based on 84 sequences. It was found that 8 length variable regions could potentially serve as molecular synapomorphies for some monophyletic groups. Therefore discoveries of more molecular synapomorphies for specific clades can be anticipated from amplification of complete 18S and 28S rDNAs of more representatives of Heteroptera.
Figure 3 from: de Chambrier A, Waeschenbach A, Fisseha M, Scholz T and Mariaux J (2015) A large 28S rDNA-based phylogeny confirms the limitations of established morphological characters for classification of proteocephalidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda). ZooKeys 500: 25-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.500.9360
Figure 3 - A–C Scoleces with rostellum-like organs and retractor muscles. A Without hooks. Ritacestus ritaii (Verma, 1926) (modified from de Chambrier et al. 2011) B With hooks. Gangesia bengalensis (Southwell, 1913) (modified from Ash et al. 2012) C Partly-invaginated. Sagittal section, ho: hooks; rm: retractor muscles; lm; longitudinal muscles. Vermaia pseudotropii (Verma, 1928) (modified from Ash et al. 2010) D–F Egg modifications D Egg cluster in a capsule. Vandiermenia beveridgei (de Chambrier & de Chambrier, 2010) (modified from de Chambrier and de Chambrier 2010) E Egg with two polar projections. Brooksiella praeputialis (Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974) (modified from de Chambrier et al. 2004a) F Eggs with two polar projections. Rudolphiella spp. from Calophysus macropterus (two eggs above) and Megalonema platanum, respectively (modified from Gil de Pertierra and de Chambrier 2000) G–H Ovary size G Relatively large ovary (16.4% proglottid surface) in Gangesia agraensis Verma, 1928 (modified from Ash et al. 2012) H Relatively small ovary in Ophiotaenia lapata Rambeloson, Ranaivoson & de Chambrier (2012) (2.8% of proglottid surface) (modified from Rambeloson et al. 2012). Scale-bars: A, B, C = 100 µm; D, E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm; G = 200 µm; H = 500 µm.
Figure 2 from: de Chambrier A, Waeschenbach A, Fisseha M, Scholz T and Mariaux J (2015) A large 28S rDNA-based phylogeny confirms the limitations of established morphological characters for classification of proteocephalidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda). ZooKeys 500: 25-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.500.9360
Figure 2 - Schematic representation of proteocephalidean uterus development (a–c). The uterus observed in early immature, premature, mature, pregravid and gravid proglottids is represented from left to right. The major differences are observed in premature and mature proglottids (dotted line): a and c Development of Type 1 and 2, respectively (de Chambrier et al. 2004c) b Development of an "intermediate type" as observed in Pangasiocestus and Australotaenia (this paper) d Typical "intermediate type" uterus in a mature proglottid of Australotaenia bunthangi de Chambrier & Scholz, 2012 (holotype, MHNG-PLAT-75447). Scale in micrometers.
Figures 7–11 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species
Figures 7–11. Photomicrographs of Minanga phoebea sp.n. features of the wings, claw and metasoma.
Figures 1–6 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species
Figures 1–6. Photomicrographs of Minanga phoebea sp.n. features of the head and mesosoma.
Figures 12–13 in A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the Sigalphinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including Pselaphanus Szépligeti, based on 28S rDNA, with descriptions of new Afrotropical and Madagascan Minanga and Malasigalphus species
Figures 12–13. Dorsal habitus. (12) Male M. petiolaris; (13) female M. roa sp. nov.
Figure 3 from: Xie Q, Yu S, Wang Y, Rédei D, Bu W (2013) Secondary structure models of 18S and 28S rRNAs of the true bugs based on complete rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). ZooKeys 319: 363-377. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4178
Figure 3 - The 3'-half part of secondary structure model of 28S rRNA of Eurydema maracandica. The numbers D8 to D11 represent four LVRs.
Figure 4 from: Xie Q, Yu S, Wang Y, Rédei D, Bu W (2013) Secondary structure models of 18S and 28S rRNAs of the true bugs based on complete rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). ZooKeys 319: 363-377. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4178
Figure 4 - Secondary structure models of LVR W of Naboidea and Cimicoidea. These sequences are from 15 genera, 19 species of Naboidea and Cimicoidea. The species names and GenBank Accession numbers are as follow: Nabidae (a) Nabis ferus EF487300 (b) Nabis flavomarginatus GQ258424 (c) Himacerus apterus GQ258425; Lyctocoridae (d) Lyctocoris beneficus EF487298; Anthocoridae (e) Anthocoris sp. AY252319 (f) Anthocoris confusus EF487297 (g) Anthocoris montanus EF487307 (h) Tetraphleps aterrimus EF487295 (i) Amphiareus obscuriceps EF487301 (j) Orius agilis EF487296 (k) Physopleurella armata EF487308 (l) Montandoniola moraguesi EF487310 (m) Xylocoris cerealis GQ258395 (n) Bilia sp. GQ258406 (o) Buchananiella crassicornis GQ258407 (p) Lasiochilus japonicus GQ258410 (q) Lasiochilus luceonotatus GQ258411; Cimicidae (r) Cimex lectularius GQ258396; Curaliidae (s) Curalium cronini EU683128.
Figure 1 from: Xie Q, Yu S, Wang Y, Rédei D, Bu W (2013) Secondary structure models of 18S and 28S rRNAs of the true bugs based on complete rDNA sequences of Eurydema maracandica Oshanin, 1871 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). ZooKeys 319: 363-377. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.319.4178
Figure 1 - Secondary structure model of 18S rRNA of Eurydema maracandica. The bases marked in black represent length-conservative regions, and the bases labeled as capital letters B to W in red represent 13 LVRs. CP and NC represent monophyletic groups Cimicomorpha+Pentatomomorpha and Naboidea+Cimicoidea, respectively. Base pairing is indicated as follows: standard canonical pairs by lines (G–C, A–U), wobble G:U pairs by dots (G·U), A:G or A:C pairs by open circles (A○G, A○C), and other non-canonical pairs by filled circles (e.g., A●A).
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