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178 results for “Acroporidae”
Figure 16. Acropora duncani. Lectotype, NHMW 1959 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 16. Acropora duncani. Lectotype, NHMW 1959/334/12, Gunung Selah, Ci Lanangthale, Java, Late Miocene (8.5– 11.6 Ma). A, branch fragment and detail figured in Reuss (1866, pl. 2, fig. 2a, b). B, transverse section of the branch showing axial corallite. C, lateral view of lectotype specimen showing small radial corallites and incipient secondary branches.
Figure 19 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 19. Acropora papillare. NHMUK PI AZ 6977, TF275, Kari Orang, Bengalon, East Kalimantan, Early Miocene (18–20 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in situ as seen from below, showing corymbose to caepito-corymbose growth form. B, detail of a transverse section of a branch in the field, branch diameter approx. 15 mm. C, AZ 6977a–c, three cylindrical branches showing wide-open branching pattern and incipient branches. D, AZ 6977d, electron micrograph of a branch tip. E, AZ 6977d, top view of axial corallite. F, AZ 6977e, transverse section of branch showing eight radial corallites arranged around the axial. G and H, AZ 6977b: G, electron micrograph of radial corallites near the tip – short tubular and subimmersed radials; H, detail of tubular radial corallite with thickened lower wall. I, AZ 6977d, electron micrograph of reticulate coenosteum formed of a mix of simple and laterally flattened elaborated spinules.
Figure 32 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 32. Acropora filiformis NHMUK PI AZ 7441, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, long branches of a colony in the field preserved in a clay-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of upright slender branch. C, AZ 7441a–d, four fragments of the colony, showing sparse distribution of radial corallites. D, AZ 7441a, transverse section of branch showing axial corallite. E–G, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of coenosteum between corallites formed of reticulated elaborated spinules.
Figure 8 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 8. Acropora samoensis, NHMUK PI AZ 7103, TF505, Bontang gardens sections, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in the field found within grey silt-rich sediments, showing a probably caespitocorymbose growth form. B, AZ 7103a, upper view of a branch fragment. C, three branches showing short tubular radial corallites, anticlockwise: AZ 7103a,b,c. D, AZ 7103b (up) and AZ 7103c (down), boring holes interpreted as being made by Lithophaga sp. E, AZ 7103b, electron micrograph showing the upper view of an axial corallite.
Figure 4 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 4. Examples of spinules and types of corallite wall and coenosteum recognized among the fossils of Indonesia: A, flattened spinules, reticulate coenosteum; B, simple to flattened spinules, reticulate coenosteum; C, simple spinules, reticulate coenosteum; D and E, simple flattened spinules, costate corallite wall; F, costate corallite wall, simple spinules of irregular costate coenosteum; G and H, elaborate spinules; I, meandroid elaborate spinules.
Figure 6 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 6. Stratigraphic range of Acropora and Isopora species. *Species from this study; remaining ranges were gathered from the literature review. Extension of the stratigraphic range based on the fossil material of this study is indicated as (←) for the earliest occurrence or (→) for latest occurrence. (?) Uncertain identification of Acropora lavandulina from Felix (1921). (M) Occurrence of fossil in the Miocene, 5.3–23 Ma, as no information on stratigraphic detail was available for some localities.
Figure 5 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 5. Diagram of morphometric characters used to describe Acropora and Isopora fossil specimens. A, schematics of arborescent (up) and corymbose (down) colonies showing distance between branches (character 1) and branch angle (character 6). B, single branch. C, calice from top view. D, branch tip from lateral view illustrating corallite and coenosteal measurements. E, upper view of the same branch tip illustrating an example of corallite arrangement sequence with one axial corallite and the first two series of radial corallites (r1, r2): 1–2–6. Numbers correspond to characters 1–17 listed in Table 2. Modified from Wolstenholme et al. (2003).
Figure 28. Acropora halmaherae, RGM125830 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 28. Acropora halmaherae, RGM125830, Gawo Valley, Nias, Sumatra, Pleistocene (0.8–2.6 Ma). A and B, RGM 125830a: A, whole specimen showing degraded tubular radial corallites; B, upper view showing the axial corallite. C and D, RGM125830b: C, whole specimen showing broken branches, probably hispidose; D, detail showing the axial corallite. E and F, RGM125830c: E, whole specimen showing tubular exsert and nariform radial corallites; F, detail of radial corallite and reticulate coenosteum.
Figure 12. Acropora grandis. RGM 41756 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 12. Acropora grandis. RGM 41756, Tarakan Island, East Kalimantan, Pliocene (2.6–5.3 Ma). A, the two branches, showing barnacle incrustations at the base of the larger one (RGM 41756a). B, RGM 41756b, detail of radial corallites of diverse shapes with calices pointing in different directions. C–E, RGM 41756a: C, detail of a short branchlet showing axial corallite. D, detail of nariform radial corallite with costate wall and tubular to subimmersed radials. E, detail of simple to lateral flattened spinules on intercorallite coenosteum.
Figure 2 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 2. Schematics of growth forms of Acropora and Isopora species used for interpretions of the fossil material: A, digitate; B, corymbose; C, arborescent; D, hispidose; E, table; F, plate. Adapted from Wallace (1999).
Figure 35. Acropora pichoni. A in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 35. Acropora pichoni. A, NHMUK PI AZ 8843, TF57, Stadion, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Middle to Late Miocene (11.6 Ma), fragments of a colony showing horizontally extended branches and anastomosis as coenosteum fills the space between primary branches and corallites. B and C, NHMUK PI AZ 6579: B, fragments of a colony showing radial corallites closely arranged on the flanks of flattened branches; C, electron micrograph of radial corallites. D, NHMUK PI AZ 8838, TF59, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (15.3–17.9 Ma), whole specimen interpreted as the main branch of a colony showing flattened shape, lateral arrangement of corallites. E–G, NHMUK PI AZ 5294, TF13, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (15.3–17.9 Ma): E, whole specimen showing arrangement of radial corallites; F, electron micrographs of appressed tubular radial corallite; G, detail of coenosteum in between corallites formed of dense elaborate spinules.
Figure 7 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 7. Acropora monticulosa, NHMUK PI AZ 7098, TF522, Kari Orang, East Kalimantan, Middle Miocene (11.3–13 Ma). A, upper view of the digitate to corymbose colony. B, lateral view, showing the broad base of the colony. C, AZ7098a, apical fragment of a branch, showing a relatively conical shape and the radial corallites arrangement. D, AZ7098b, transverse break through a polygonal branch with axial corallite. E–H, AZ7098c: E, basal part of a branch showing tubular to nariform radial corallites, evenly sized and distributed; F, lateral view of a radial corallite showing spinules aligned in costae; G, detail showing thickened outer corallite wall; H, electron micrograph detail of coenosteum in between corallites formed of flattened spinules in reticulate arrangement.
Figure 1. A in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 1. A, map of the Indo-Pacific region with localities and/or outcrops from which fossil specimens of Acropora and Isopora described in this study were collected: B, Java; C, Sumatra; D, Sulawesi; E, East Kalimantan. Coordinates and ages of each locality are listed in Table 1.
Figure 36. Acropora tenella. A–C in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 36. Acropora tenella. A–C, NHMUK PI AZ 7109, TF59, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (15.3– 17.9 Ma): A, fragment of a flattened branch, shown from its underside (left) and upperside (right), with radial corallites arranged in zig-zag pattern on the flanks; B and C, electron micrograph of the same branch. D and E, NHMUK PI AZ 7054, TF51, Stadion, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Middle to Late Miocene (11.6 Ma): D, four fragments of a colony showing thicker basal branch (left corner) and thinner and flattened primary branches; E, AZ 7054a, electron micrograph of radial corallites and incipient axial on top. F, NHMUK PI AZ 7370, TF 57, Stadion, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Middle to Late Miocene (11.6 Ma), branch with laterally arranged corallites. G–I, NHMUK PI AZ 8841, TF59, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (15.3–17.9 Ma): G, specimen showing sparse primary branches; H, electron micrograph of a primary branch with appressed tubular radial corallite with elaborated spinules relatively aligned; I, detail of coenosteum in between corallites formed of dense elaborate spinules.
Figure 18. Acropora borneoensis. A in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 18. Acropora borneoensis. A, fragments in the field of probably the same collapsed colony, NHMUK PI AZ 9061- AZ 9062, TF505, Bontang gardens sections, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). B, NHMUK PI AZ 9062, one of the fragments showing the best preservation. C, NHMUK PI AZ 9061, fragments collected in the sample with lot AZ 9062, showing signs of primary branching. D and E, NHMW 1959/334/13, Gunung Selah, Ci Lanangthale, Java, Late Miocene (8.5–11.6 Ma), specimen presented by Reuss (1866) re-identified here as A. borneoensis: D, upper view showing axial corallite and round branch;E, same specimen in lateral view, showing cylindrical branch shape and incipient branch. F, NHMUK PI AZ 7087, TF154, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma), electron micrograph of branch tip, upper view, showing axial corallite. G, NHMUK PI AZ 6352, TF154, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4– 9.8 Ma), electron micrograph of branch tip, lateral view, showing reticular coenosteum and slightly lipped radial corallites. H and I, NHMUK PI AZ 9062: H, lateral view of small branch, showing axial and radial corallite arrangement; I, detail of free simple spinules.
Figure 9 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 9. Acropora laurae sp. nov. A–C, holotype, NHMUK PI AZ 8666, Sabah, Malaysia, Oligocene (27.8–28.6 Ma): A, whole specimen. B, detail showing axial corallite. C, detail showing radial corallites and incipient branch. D–F, paratype NHMUK PI AZ 7724, Sabah, Malaysia, Oligocene (27.8–28.6 Ma): D, whole specimen; E, polished cross section showing axial corallite; F, polished lateral surface showing radial corallites in mixed sizes.
Figure 3 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 3. Corallite shapes commonly used to describe radial corallites of Acropora and Isopora: A, tubular; B and C appressed tubular; D, nariform; E, rounded tubular; F, conical; G, subimmersed; H, immersed; I, labellate flaring lip; J, labellate rounded lip; K, labellate straight lip. Adapted from Wallace (1999).
Figure 31. Acropora aff. derawanensis RGM299682 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 31. Acropora aff. derawanensis RGM299682, Muzay Valley, Nias, Sumatra, Pleistocene (0.8–2.6 Ma). A, branch showing radial corallites with opposite to alternate arrangement. B, detail of appressed tubular radial corallite. C, detail of costate coenosteum throughout.
Figure 34 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 34. Acropora darrellae sp. nov. Holotype, NHMUK PI AZ 7105, TF56, Badak, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (14.8–17.9 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in the field showing two main branches horizontally preserved. B, composite reconstruction of the same branches. C, AZ 7105a, detail of main branch showing the arrangement of primary branches, their broken bases and axial corallite in transverse section. D, AZ 7105b, detail of a branch showing the arrangement of appressed tubular radial corallites. E, AZ 7105c, electron micrograph of a tubular axial corallite with incipient radial. F, AZ 7105d, electron micrograph of a primary branch showing tubular appressed radial corallites. G, AZ 7105d, detail of coenosteum with aligned and reticular elaborate spinules.
Figure 30 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia
Figure 30. Acropora emanuelae sp. nov. A–C, E and F, holotype, NHMUK PI AZ 8871, TF56, Badak, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (14.8–17.9 Ma). D, G and H, paratype, NHMUK PI AZ 8894. TF518, Kampung Narut, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (5–8 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in situ, showing arborescent to hipidose– arborescent corallum, white triangle indicates the figured specimen AZ 8871a. B, AZ 8871a, b, detail of branches showing robust main axis and short branchlets throughout. C, AZ 8871a, detail of branchlet and arrangement of appressed tubular corallites. D, AZ 8894a, electron micrograph showing branchlet variation. E, AZ 8871c, branch tip showing appressed tubular corallites. F, AZ 8871d, basal branch with immersed corallites. G and H, AZ 8894a: G, electron micrograph of immersed corallites; H, electron micrograph of reticulate elaborated spinules on coenosteum.
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