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107 results for “Actuators”
Data from: The ovipositor actuation mechanism of a parasitic wasp and its functional implications
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Parasitic wasps use specialized needle-like structures—ovipositors—to drill in substrates to reach hidden hosts. The external ovipositor (terebra) consists of three interconnected, sliding elements (valvulae) which are moved reciprocally during insertion. This presumably reduces the required pushing force on the terebra and limits the risk of damage whilst probing. Although this is an important mechanism, it is still not completely understood how the actuation of the valvulae is achieved, and it has only been studied with the ovipositor in rest position. Additionally, very little is known about the magnitude of the forces generated during probing. We used synchrotron X-ray microtomography to reconstruct the actuation mechanism of the parasitic wasp <i>Diachasmimorpha longicaudata</i> (Braconidae) in four distinct phases of the probing cycle. We show that only the paired first valvulae of the terebra move independently, while the second valvula moves with the metasoma ('abdomen'). The first valvula movements are initiated by rotation of one chitin plate (first valvifer) with respect to another such plate (second valvifer). This is achieved indirectly by muscles connecting the non-rotating second valvifer and the abdominal ninth tergite. Unlike previously reported, we found muscle fibres running inside the terebra, although their function remains unclear. The estimated maximal forces that can be exerted by the first valvulae are small (protraction 1.19 mN and retraction 0.874 mN), which reduces the risk of buckling but are sufficient for successful probing. The small net forces of the valvulae on the substrate may still lead to buckling of the terebra; we show that the sheaths surrounding the valvulae prevent this by effectively increasing the diameter and second moment of area of the terebra. Our findings improve the comprehension of hymenopteran probing mechanisms, the function of the associated muscles, and the forces and damage limiting mechanism that are involved in drilling a slender terebra into a substrate.</p>
Indirect actuation reduces flight power requirements in Manduca sexta via elastic energy exchange
<p>In many insects, wing movements are generated indirectly via exoskeletal deformations. Measurements of inertial and aerodynamic power suggest that elastic recovery of energy between wingstrokes might reduce power requirements of flight. We tested three questions. 1) Can the thorax itself provide significant energy return? 2) Does a simple damped elastic model describe the bulk mechanical behavior? and 3) Are different regions of the thorax specialized for elastic energy exchange? We measured deformation mechanics of the hawkmoth <em>Manduca sexta</em> thorax by recording the force required to sinusoidally deform the thorax over a wide frequency range. Elastic energy storage in the thorax is sufficient to minimize power requirements. However, we find that a structural (frequency-independent) damping model, not a viscoelastic model, best describes the thorax's mechanical properties. We next performed complementary experiments on a structurally damped homogeneous hemisphere. In contrast to the hemispherical shell, we find that mechanical coupling between different regions of the thorax improves energy exchange performance, and that local mechanical properties depend on global strain patterns. Specifically, the scutum region provides energy recovery with low dissipation, while the majority of energy loss occurred in the wing hinge region, highlighting the specificity of thorax regions for flight energetics. </p>
Dataset related to the publication E. Fasci et al., Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical 362 (2023) 114632 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114632)
<p>file <i>Allan analysis.xlsx</i>: Allan-Werle deviation analysis of the measured ring down times. From these data a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 6.5x10^-12 cm^-1 can be inferred, being the ring-down time under vacuum conditions about 127.5 us.</p><p>file <i>Water mole fraction VS time.xlsx</i> : Time development of the CRDS measured water mole fraction with a N_2 flow rate of 2 l/min. The gas pressure was set to the constant value of 2666 Pa. Each data point was retrieved from the recording of a full absorption spectrum of the H_2O 3_(2,2)→2_(2,1) transition, belonging to nu_1 + nu_3 vibrational band.</p><p>This work was done within the project PROMETH2O (EMPIR 20IND06), which received funding from the EMPIR programme cofinanced by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. </p>
Hybrid dynamic model for shape memory alloy linear and unimorph actuators
<p>Shape memory alloy morphing actuators are a type of soft actuator with many attractive properties. These actuators exhibit large deformation, small form factor, self-sense ability, and physical reservoir computing potential, while also being inexpensive. These morphing actuators are composed of active shape memory alloy wires and a passive base layer that is used to magnify the overall deflection. Although morphing actuators have great potential, the modeling of shape memory alloy actuators is difficult due to both shape memory alloy characteristics and the nonlinearity of the passive layer. Here, a hybrid dynamical model is proposed that couples the phase kinetics & thermal modeling for the shape memory alloy with a dynamic Cosserat nonlinear beam model. This hybrid model is benchmarked against linear and morphing experimental actuators. The model resulted in a root mean squared error of 1.48 mm and 1.63 mm for the morphing actuator configuration for two different actuators. This model can expand the capability and design of novel morphing actuators for a designed deformation profile for use in soft robotics.</p>
Low voltage electrohydraulic actuators for untethered robotics
<p>Rigid robots can be precise but struggle in environments where compliance, robustness to disturbances, or energy efficiency are crucial. This has led researchers to develop biomimetic robots incorporating soft artificial muscles. Electrohydraulic actuators are promising artificial muscles that perform comparably to mammalian muscles in speed and power density. However, their operation requires several thousand volts. The high voltage leads to bulky and inefficient driving electronics. Here, we present hydraulically amplified low-voltage electrostatic (HALVE) actuators that match mammalian skeletal muscles in average power density (50.5 W kg<sup>−1</sup>) and peak strain rate (971 % s<sup>−1</sup>) at a 4.9 times lower driving voltage (1100 V) compared to the state-of-the-art. HALVE actuators are safe to touch, waterproof, and exhibit self-clearing properties. We characterize, model, and validate key performance metrics of our actuator. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of HALVE actuators on a robotic gripper and a soft robotic swimmer.</p>
Data for: Melt electrowriting enabled 3D liquid crystal elastomer structures for cross-scale actuators and temperature field sensors
<p>Liquid crystal elastomers have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable capability to undergo reversible strains and shape transformations under various stimuli. Early studies on LCE primarily focused on limited shape changes of macrostructures or quasi-3D microstructures. However, fabricating complex cross-scale LCE-based 3D structures still remains challenging. Here, we report a compatible method, the Melt-Electrohydrodynamic (Melt-EHD) 3D printing, to create LCE-based microfiber actuators and various 3D actuators across micrometer to centimeter scales, showcasing their actuation to thermal airflow stimulus. By controlling printing parameters, microfiber actuators with different diameters (5 μm~70 μm), and tunable properties including actuation strain (10%~55%), actuation stress (0~0.6 MPa), and large work density (~160J/kg) have been demonstrated. Under dynamic thermal airflow stimulus at 15 Hz, the microfiber actuators lift weights over 3500 times heavier than themselves. These 3D structures were obtained by depositing LCE microfibers along pre-programmed paths, including various gradient-responsive elementary structural units, 1 mm-sized microgripper, and various large area 3D lattice structures. In addition, by integrating a Deep Learning model, we have demonstrated, for the first time, large area (≥ centimeter scale), real-time (24 Hz sampling frequency), high-precision (~95%) LCE grid based spatial temperature field sensors with a spatial resolution of only 4 mm.</p>
Tunable rebound of millimeter-sized rigid balls by magnetic actuation of elastomer-based surface microstructures
<p>This is the data used to plot Figures 7-10 of our paper "Tunable rebound of millimeter-sized rigid balls by magnetic actuation of elastomer-based surface microstructures".</p>
Data of the publication "An insight into the capability of the actuator line method to resolve tip vortices"
<p>This repository contains the data presented in "An insight into the capability of the actuator line method to resolve tip vortices", published by Melani et al. on the Wind Energy Science journal. More in detail, it contains all the data post-processed from BR-CFD, Frozen ALM, and Standard ALM simulations. </p>
Dandelion pappus morphing is actuated by radially patterned material swelling
<p>The dandelion pappus opens and closes reversibly to tune seed dispersal according to environmental moisture levels.</p> <p>In the Nature Communications paper "<em>Madeleine Seale, Annamaria Kiss, Simone Bovio, Ignazio Maria Viola, Enrico Mastropaolo, Arezki Boudaoud, Naomi Nakayama</em>, <strong>Dandelion pappus morphing is actuated by radially patterned material swelling</strong>, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30245-3 the authors combined experiments with a computational model to show that pappus closure is coordinated by radially-patterned tissue swelling at the base of floral organs.</p> <p>This repository contains the source data for the paper.</p>
An Empirical Model of Soft Bellows Actuator
<p>The dataset includes:</p> <p>(1) bellows CAD files</p> <p>(2) experimental videos of output force estimation of gripper 1</p> <p>(3) experimental videos of handling products</p> <p> </p>
Stiff stabilisation and position control of suspended loads with aerodynamic actuators
<p>The video presents the work done in the project 'Position control of suspended loads via aerodynamic thrust for sling load rescue operations', financed by the Spark SNF programme.</p>
UAV-FD: a dataset for actuator fault detection in multirotor drones
<p>This dataset collects real flight data from a hexarotor under the effects of a chipped blade. A conventional ArduPilot based controller is employed, where the ArduPilot firmware is customized to increase the signal logging rate of the IMU variables, thus capturing enough information at higher frequencies. Additional variables are available, including on-board measurements, commands, estimations, and parameters; in particular, the actual speed of each motor is measured as well.</p> <p>The purpose of the UAV-FD dataset is to accelerate the research on actuator fault diagnosis for multirotor vehicles.</p>
Data for: Nanotopography modulates intracellular excitable systems through cytoskeleton actuation
<p>Cellular sensing of most environmental cues involves receptors that affect a signal-transduction excitable network (STEN), which is coupled to a cytoskeletal excitable network (CEN). In this work, we monitored the dynamics of intracellular cytoskeleton and signaling transduction molecules in Dictyostelium discoideum plated on various nano-topographies. We show that the mechanism of sensing of nanoridges is fundamentally different. CEN activity occurs preferentially on nanoridges, whereas STEN activity is constrained between nanoridges. In the absence of STEN, waves disappear, but long-lasting F-actin puncta persist along the ridges. When CEN is suppressed, wave propagation is no longer constrained by nanoridges. A computational model reproduces these experimental observations. Our findings indicate that nanotopography is sensed directly by CEN, whereas STEN is only indirectly affected due to a CEN-STEN feedback loop. These results explain why texture sensing is robust, and acts cooperatively with multiple other guidance cues in complex microenvironments.</p>
Finite Element Analysis-Based Soft Robotic Modeling: Simulating a Soft Actuator in SOFA
<p>This document represent a step by step guide for a simulation in SOFA framework of a cable driven soft robot.</p>
A Safety and Efficacy Study of Beclomethasone Dipropionate Delivered Via Breath-Actuated Inhaler (BAI) or Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) in Participants Ages 4-11 Years Old With Persistent Asthma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02040766. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 5. Publications: 1.
New Breath Actuated MDI Symbicort Compared to Symbicort pMDI and Budesonide pMDI for 12 Weeks Twice a Day
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01360021. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
A 12-week Safety and Efficacy Study of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (80 and 160 mcg/Day) Delivered Via Breath-Actuated Inhaler (BAI) in Patients >=12 Years Old With Persistent Asthma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02040779. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Safety and Efficacy Study of Beclomethasone Dipropionate Delivered Via Breath-Actuated Inhaler (BAI) or Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) in Participants >=12 Years Old With Persistent Asthma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02031640. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
Data for: Melt electrowriting enabled 3D liquid crystal elastomer structures for cross-scale actuators and temperature field sensors
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Hybrid dynamic model for shape memory alloy linear and unimorph actuators
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.