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1,922 results for “Acute effects”
Effects of acute exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics on the channel catfish larvae: Insights from energy metabolism and transcriptomic analysis
<p><span>Microplastics (nanoplastics) pollution has been a major ecological issue threatening global aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge of the adverse effects of nanoplastics and the effects on freshwater ecosystems is still limited. To understand the impacts of nanoplastics on freshwater ecosystems, it is essential to reveal the physiological changes caused by nanoplastics in freshwater organisms, especially at their early life-history stages. In the present study, the larval channel catfish <em>Ietalurus punetaus</em> were exposed to gradient concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/L) of 75-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) for 24 h or 48 h, and changes in contents of energy metabolites, metabolic enzyme activities and transcriptome were assessed. The results showed glucose and triglyceride contents increased after 24 h of exposure to 10 or 25 mg/L of PS-NPs but decreased with increased concentrations or prolonged exposure duration. Activities of most metabolic enzymes analyzed decreased in the larvae after 48 h of exposure, especially in 25 or 50 mg/L of PS-NPs. These suggested that PS-NPs caused huge energy consumption and disturbed the energy metabolism in larval fish. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 48 h of exposure to 50 mg/L PS-NPs affected the expression of genes involved in protein digestion and induced response of proteasomes or heat shock proteins in the larval <em>I. punetaus</em>. The genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) pathway and biosynthesis of amino acids were activated after the exposure. PS-NPs also depressed the expression of the genes involved in gonad development or muscle contraction in the larval <em>I. punetaus</em>. Overall, acute exposure to 75-nm PS-NPs disrupted the energy metabolism by consuming the energy reserves, and affected a series of molecular pathways which may further affect the development and survival of fish. This study provided the information about adverse effects of nanoplastics on the fish larvae and revealed the molecular pathways for the potential adverse outcomes.</span></p>
Figure. Experimental groups. in Effect of dual growth factor administration on oxidative markers during acute stage wound healing in rats
Figure. Experimental groups.
Figure 1 in Acute and chronic effects of thifluzamide on Daphnia magna
Figure 1. The chemical structure of thifluzamide (Fu et al., 2016).
Single species acute lethal toxicity tests are not predictive of relative population, community and ecosystem effects of two salinity types
<p>Human mediated salinity increases are occurring in freshwaters globally, with consequent negative effects on freshwater biodiversity. Salinity comprises multiple anions and cations. While total concentrations are typically used to infer effects, individual ion concentrations and ion ratios are critical in determining effects. Moreover, estimates of toxicity from single species laboratory tests, may not accurately predict relative effects on populations, communities and ecosystems. Here we compare salinity increases from synthetic marine salts (SMS) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in an outdoor mesocosm experiment in south-eastern Australia. We found different effects of salt types on stream macroinvertebrates at the population, community, and ecosystem function levels, where similar effects were predicted from single species laboratory tests. Our results caution against the use of single species laboratory derived toxicological data to predict both environmentally safe salinity levels and the relative effects of different salt sources on freshwater biodiversity.</p>
Effects of ACTH4-10Pro8-Gly9-Pro10 on anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) expression in acute spinal cord injury model (Sprague Dawley rats)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Background:</strong> Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. It's final neurological outcome determined from both primary and secondary injury process. Neuroinflammation is a key component of the secondary injury mechanisms with local and systemic consequences. </span>A neuroprotective compound, ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10 </sup>also known as Semax has <span>shown neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. </span>ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10</sup> <span>also has actively used in the treatment of brain ischemia without serious complication reported. Here we analyzed the effects of </span>ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10</sup> in regulating inflammatory cascade in SCI by looking at the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 in acute compression SCI.</p> <p><span><strong>Method: </strong>We do laminectomy in Sprague Dawley rats at the second thoracic vertebrae. After laminectomy we expose the myelum and create mild SCI model with 20gr and severe SCI with 35gr aneurysm clips. </span>ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10 </sup><span>was administered intranasally to the treatment group and 0,9% NaCl to the control group (placebo). Both group was remain alive and terminated at 3 and 6 hour. </span>The preparations tissue sample were fixed in formalin and examined for immunohistochemistry<span>. Quantitative measurement of anti-inflammatory cytokine (</span>IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) was done in posterior horn with associated anti-monoclonal antibodies.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Result:</strong> Rats with mild SCI that were given ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10</sup> shown greater expression of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 at three hour post compression but only IL-10 and IL-13 elevated significantly at six hour. Rats with severe compression in ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10</sup> group shown greater expression of IL-10, IL-13 at three hour and IL-4, IL-10 at six hour compared with the placebo group.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of ACTH<sub>4-10</sub>Pro<sup>8</sup>-Gly<sup>9</sup>-Pro<sup>10</sup> intranasal can increase anti inflammatory cytokine expression at Sprague Dawley rat model with mild and severe SCI. Expression of anti inflammatory cytokine was greater in mild compression and early hour (3 hour). Further research needs to be done to determine optimal dose and the actual clinical outcome in vivo.</p>
Persisting effects in Daphnia magna following an acute exposure to flowback and produced waters from the Montney Formation
<p>Hydraulic fracturing extracts oil and gas through the injection of water and proppants into subterranean formations. These injected fluids mix with the host rock formation and return to the surface as a complex wastewater containing salts, metals, and organic compounds, termed flowback and produced water (FPW). Previous research indicates that FPW is toxic to <em>Daphnia magna </em>(<em>D. magna</em>), impairing reproduction, molting, and maturation time; however, recovery from FPW has not been extensively studied. Species unable to recover have drastic impacts on populations on the ecological scale; thus, this study sought to understand if recovery from an acute 48 h FPW exposure was possible in the freshwater invertebrate, <em>D. magna</em> by using a combination of physiological and molecular analyses. FPW (0.75%) reduced reproduction by 30% and survivorship to 32% compared to controls. System-level quantitative proteomic analyses demonstrate extensive perturbation of metabolism and protein transport in both 0.25 and 0.75% FPW treatments after a 48 h FPW exposure. Collectively, our data indicate that <em>D. magna</em> are unable to recover from acute 48 h exposures to ≥0.25% FPW, as evidence of toxicity persists for at least 19 days post-exposure. This study highlights the importance of considering persisting effects following FPW remediation when modeling potential spill scenarios.</p>
Effects of acute and chronic corticosterone treatments in the American Bullfrog wound healing
<p>Glucocorticoid (GC) release is triggered by adverse stimuli that activate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis. Glucocorticoids may enhance or suppress immune functions depending on the level of elevation. In this study, we investigated the effects of transient and chronic increases of CORT on the wound healing of the American bullfrog. Frogs were submitted to a daily transdermal hormonal application that acutely elevated CORT plasma levels, or vehicle as a control. Other frogs were surgically implanted with a silastic tube filled with CORT that resulted in chronic elevation of CORT plasma levels or received empty implants as a control. A dermal biopsy was performed to create a wound and was photographed every 3 days. Individuals treated with transdermal CORT started healing faster than their control 32 days after the biopsy. Frogs that received CORT implants tended to heal slower than control subjects. Plasma bacterial killing ability (BKA) was not affected by treatment, which reinforces the constitutive nature of this innate immune trait. By the end of the experiment, frogs from the acute CORT treatment had smaller wounds compared to those receiving the CORT-filled implants, highlighting the differential effects of acute (immunoenhancing) and chronic (immunosuppressive) elevation of CORT plasma levels.</p>
Supplemental data to "Acute and persistent effects of oral glutamine supplementation on growth, cellular proliferation, and tight junction protein transcript abundance in jejunal tissue of low and normal birthweight pre-weaning piglets"
<p>Supplementary data to "Acute and persistent effects of oral glutamine supplementation on growth, cellular proliferation, and tight junction protein transcript abundance in jejunal tissue of low and normal birthweight pre-weaning piglets"</p>
Formica fusca ants use aphid supplemented foods to alleviate effects during the acute phase of a fungal infection
<p>The modulation of nutritional intake by animals to combat pathogens is a behaviour which is getting increasing attention. Ant studies using isolated compounds or nutrients in artificial diets have revealed a lot of the dynamics of the behaviour, but natural sources of medicine are yet to be confirmed. Here we explored whether Formica fusca ants exposed to a fungal pathogen can use an artificial diet containing foods spiked with different concentrations of crushed aphids for a medicinal benefit. We show that pathogen exposed colonies adjusted their diet to include more aphid supplemented foods during the acute phase of the infection, reducing the mortality caused by the disease. However, the benefit was only attained when having access to a varied diet, suggesting that while aphids contain nutrients or compounds beneficial against infection, it is a part of a complex nutritional system where costs and benefits of compounds and nutrients need to be moderated.</p>
Acute and Residual Effects of Caffeinated Beer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00515294. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Zyban as an Effective Smoking Cessation Aid for Patients Following an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The ZESCA Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00689611. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 7. Publications: 5.
Effects of Nasal-spraying LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05164692. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 34.
The Effectiveness of Pleuran in Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03988257. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Evaluation of Effect of Alirocumab on Coronary Atheroma Volume in Japanese Patients Hospitalized for Acute Coronary Syndrome With Hypercholesterolemia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02984982. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
A Study to Determine Acute (After First Dose) and Chronic (After 28 Days) Effects of Empagliflozin (BI 10773) on Pre and Postprandial Glucose Homeostasis in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance an
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01248364. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 3.
Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin on Platelet Function in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00367991. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Acute Effects of Exogenous Ketone Ester Administration in Heart Failure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04633460. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Intraoperative Fluid Therapy on Acute Kidney Injury After Thoracoscopic Lobectomy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04302467. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Acute Metabolic Effects of Tirzepatide in Type 1 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06820281. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Sildenafil in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01060020. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.