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173 results for “Alien plants”
Trade network dynamics and alien plant pest introductions: A global analysis
<p>This is a supplement to "Trade network dynamics and alien plant pest introductions: A global analysis", Diversity and Distributions (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13963">https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13963</a>). These data were partially derived from the following resources available in the public domain: <a href="http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/welcome.asp">www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/welcome.asp</a>; Seebens et al. (2017) (dataset DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.12761/sgn.2016.01.022">https://doi.org/10.12761/sgn.2016.01.022</a>); Fenn-Moltu et al. 2022 (dataset DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrrq">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8931zcrrq</a>).</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Invasive Alien plant species of Malawi.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Invasive Alien plant species of Malawi". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d">https://gbif.org/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: New records in vascular plants alien to Kyrgyzstan.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New records in vascular plants alien to Kyrgyzstan". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f7e074d-c7da-40c9-89a3-b9eef2007698">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f7e074d-c7da-40c9-89a3-b9eef2007698</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0f7e074d-c7da-40c9-89a3-b9eef2007698">https://gbif.org/dataset/0f7e074d-c7da-40c9-89a3-b9eef2007698</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: KTU Herbarium - Collection of alien plants.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "KTU Herbarium - Collection of alien plants". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2bfeaa65-e801-497b-ac03-2ecba9cbcc1a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2bfeaa65-e801-497b-ac03-2ecba9cbcc1a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2bfeaa65-e801-497b-ac03-2ecba9cbcc1a">https://gbif.org/dataset/2bfeaa65-e801-497b-ac03-2ecba9cbcc1a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Distribution of Alien Invasive Plants in Cuba.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Distribution of Alien Invasive Plants in Cuba". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409">https://bionomia.net/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409">https://gbif.org/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Alien plants of Kyrgyzstan.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Alien plants of Kyrgyzstan". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/5b2a5f78-87b9-4880-aa5b-8a8618fe9a1a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/5b2a5f78-87b9-4880-aa5b-8a8618fe9a1a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/5b2a5f78-87b9-4880-aa5b-8a8618fe9a1a">https://gbif.org/dataset/5b2a5f78-87b9-4880-aa5b-8a8618fe9a1a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Alien plant species of the Middle Volga Region (South-East of the European part of Russia).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Alien plant species of the Middle Volga Region (South-East of the European part of Russia)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0777230d-c252-4f99-9c16-cc63c09dfd52">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0777230d-c252-4f99-9c16-cc63c09dfd52</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0777230d-c252-4f99-9c16-cc63c09dfd52">https://gbif.org/dataset/0777230d-c252-4f99-9c16-cc63c09dfd52</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Cultivated alien plants with high invasion potential are more likely to be traded online in China
<p>Biological invasions have become a worldwide problem, and measures to efficiently prevent and control invasions are still being developed. Like many other parts of the world, China is undergoing a dramatic increase in plant invasions. Most of the currently 933 established (i.e., naturalized) plant species, of which 214 are categorized as invasive, have been introduced into China for cultivation. It is likely that many of those species are still being traded, particularly online, by plant nurseries. However, studies assessing whether naturalized and invasive species are currently being traded more or less than non-naturalized aliens are rare. We extracted online-trade information for 13,718 cultivated alien plant taxa on 1688.com, the largest website for domestic B2B in China. We analyzed how the presence in online-nursery catalogues, the number of online nurseries that offer the species for sale, and the product type (i.e., seeds, live plants and vegetative organs) differed among non-naturalized, naturalized non-invasive and invasive species. Compared to non-naturalized taxa, naturalized non-invasive and invasive taxa were 3.7 to 5.2 times more likely available for sale. Naturalized non-invasive and invasive taxa were more frequently offered as seeds by online nurseries, whereas non-naturalized taxa were more frequently offered as live plants. Based on these findings, we propose that, to reduce the further spread of invasive and potentially invasive plants, implementation of plant-trade regulations and a monitoring system of the online horticultural supply chain will be essential.</p>
Alien plant fitness is limited by functional trade-offs rather than a long-term increase in competitive effects of native communities
<p><span>Alien plants experience novel abiotic conditions and interactions with native communities in the introduced area. Intra- and interspecific selection on functional traits in the new environment may lead to increased population growth with time since introduction (residence time). However, selection regimes might differ depending on the invaded habitat. Additionally, in high-competition habitats, a build-up of biotic resistance of native species due to accumulation of eco-evolutionary experience to aliens over time may limit invasion success. We tested if the effect of functional traits and the population dynamics of aliens depends on interspecific competition with native plant communities. We conducted a multi-species experiment with 40 annual Asteraceae that differ in residence time in Germany. We followed their population growth in monocultures and in interspecific competition with an experienced native community (varying co-existence times between focals and community). To more robustly test our findings, we used a naïve community that never co-existed with the focals. We found that high seed mass decreased population growth in monocultures but tended to increase population growth under high interspecific competition. We found no evidence for a build-up of competition-mediated biotic resistance by the experienced community over time. Instead, population growth of the focal species was similarly inhibited by the experienced and naïve community. By</span><span> comparing the effect of experienced and naïve communities on population dynamics over two years across a large set of species with a high variation in functional traits and residence time, </span><span>this study advances the understanding of the long-term dynamics of plant invasions. I</span><span>n our study system, population growth of alien species was not limited by</span> <span>an increase of competitive effects by native communities (one aspect of biotic resistance) over time. </span><span>Instead, invasion success of alien plants may be limited because initial spread in low-competition habitats requires different traits than establishment in high-competition habitats. </span></p>
Alien plant fitness is limited by functional trade-offs rather than a long-term increase in competitive effects of native communities
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The more microplastic types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants
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Data from: Soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasion
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Data from: Biomass responses of widely and less-widely naturalized alien plants to artificial light at night
<p>Artificial light at night has rapidly increased during the last century, and could potentially affect many ecological processes, from individuals via communities to entire ecosystems. Recent research has shown that artificial light at night may not only affect the behavior of animals but also growth of plants and vegetation composition. However, it is not known yet whether artificial light at night may also affect other global change components such as plant invasions. </p> <p>Here, we tested how naturalized alien plants respond to artificial light at night, and particularly whether widely naturalized species differ from less-widely naturalized species in their response to artificial light at night. We grew nine taxonomically related pairs of widely naturalized and less-widely naturalized species alone and in competition, with native plants with and without artificial light at night.</p> <p>We found that in the competition treatment, artificial light at night significantly increased the total biomass production per pot, but not the biomass ratio between the naturalized alien plants and the native competitors. Interestingly, although the less-widely naturalized species produced overall significantly less biomass than the widely naturalized species, there was a trend that the less-widely naturalized species increased their biomass more strongly in response to artificial light at night than the widely naturalized species did (<i>P</i> = 0.07).<b> </b></p> <p>Synthesis. Our study shows that although widely naturalized plants produce more biomass than less-widely naturalized plants across different environmental conditions, they took less advantage of artificial light at night. This suggests that artificial light at night might lead to increased spread of currently less-widely naturalized species, at least when artificial light at night continues to increase.</p>
Data from: Plant-soil feedback contributes to predicting plant invasiveness of 68 alien plant species differing in invasive status
<p>Understanding what species characteristics allow some alien plants to become invasive while others fail is critical to our understanding of community assembly processes. While many characteristics have been shown to predict plant invasiveness, the importance of plant-soil feedback (PSF) in invasions has been difficult to assess since individual studies include only a few species and use disparate methodology. We studied PSF of 68 invasive and non-invasive alien species in a single two-phase common garden experiment, and compared the relative importance of PSF, residence time, phylogenetic novelty and plant traits for plant invasiveness. Additionally, we explored relationships between PSF, residence time and phylogenetic novelty. PSF for seedling establishment, but not for biomass, was a significant predictor of invasive status, with invasive species having more positive PSF than non-invasive species. Its explanatory power was, however, much lower than that of specific leaf area, height, and residence time. Phylogenetically novel species experienced less negative PSF than species with native congeners, suggesting they benefit more from enemy release. PSF of non-invasive species, contrary to that of invasive species, was becoming more negative with increasing residence time. We demonstrated that PSF for seedling establishment plays a role in predicting plant invasiveness and is a better predictor than more commonly studied PSF for plant biomass. Other species traits, such as specific leaf area, however, predict plant invasiveness much better than the PSF.</p>
Present status, future trends, and control strategies of invasive alien plants in China affected by human activities and climate change
<p>Invasive alien plants (IAPs) have serious environmental and economic impacts, especially in vulnerable areas of China. However, IAP richness distribution patterns, their driving factors, and the dynamic shifts in potential distribution areas remain elusive. We assessed IAP richness distribution patterns and drivers using 402 IAPs recorded in China at 88,926 occurrence points, and then predicted their potential distribution areas. The results show that IAP hotspots were mainly located in southeastern China, especially coastal areas of the South and East and large inland cities. Population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and four climate variables associated with precipitation and temperature jointly influenced the richness distribution pattern of all IAPs. Specifically, population density and GDP impacted the richness distribution pattern of narrow-range IAPs, and population density, GDP, distance to the nearest national highway, and five climate variables affected the richness distribution pattern of widespread IAPs. Only GDP contributed significantly to the richness distribution pattern of the top 5% hotspot grid cells, whereas population density, GDP, and precipitation in the driest month (BIO14) significantly influenced the richness distribution patterns of hotspots for both the top 10% and top 20%. Prediction analysis demonstrated that southeastern China would have a particularly high invasion risk under both current and future climate scenarios. Regions with increases in predicted species richness are more common (44.83%–64.97%) than those with decreases, except under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Climate change will contribute greatly to the expansion of potential IAP distribution areas under both optimistic (RCP 2.5) and pessimistic scenarios (RCP 8.5). The results of this study provide insights into the priority management of IAPs through developing promising strategies for the control and prevention of IAP invasion.</p>
Artificial night-time lighting and nutrient enrichment synergistically favour the growth of alien ornamental plant species over co-occurring native plant species
<ol> <li>Insights into ecological drivers of alien plant invasions can be gained through comparative studies of growth and fecundity of invasive alien plants versus those of co-occurring non-invasive alien plants and native plants across environmental conditions in common garden settings. Habitats that harbour alien plant species in many ecosystems globally are presently experiencing light pollution resulting from artificial light at night (ALAN) and increased rates of nutrient enrichment of the soil. However, the potential interactive effects of ALAN and nutrient enrichment on invasiveness of alien plant species remain unknown.</li> <li>Here, we performed a common-garden experiment to test the interactive effects of ALAN and soil nutrient enrichment on the growth of a random set of 10 alien (five invasive and five naturalized) and seven co-occurring native ornamental plant species that are commonly cultivated within urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi city in Kenya. We predicted that a simultaneous increase in photoperiod via ALAN and nutrient enrichment will favor growth of invasive alien plant species over that of non-invasive alien and native plant species. We grew the 17 plant species under natural daylight (ALAN-) vs natural daylight followed by ALAN (ALAN+) and fully crossed with two levels of nutrient enrichment (low vs high) and competition (competition vs no-competition against a native plant <em>Ocimum</em> <em>gratissimum</em>) treatments.</li> <li>Under simultaneous high-nutrient and no-competition treatments, ALAN enhanced mean total biomass of invasive and naturalized alien species by 61.1% and 131.4%, respectively but decreased that of native plant species by 34%. In contrast, under simultaneous high-nutrient and competition treatments, ALAN enhanced mean total biomass of invasive alien plant species by 68.6% and that of naturalized alien species by 51.9% and native species by 35.4%. High-nutrient treatment enhanced flower formation more strongly in invasive and naturalized alien plants than in native plants. The invasive and naturalized alien species grew taller than native species across the light, nutrient, and competition treatments.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: The present findings suggest that light pollution and nutrient enrichment may jointly confer growth advantage to invasive alien plant species over that of co-occurring native plant species and enhance invasiveness of alien plant species.</li> </ol>
Alien plant species are precursors for invasion: a case study of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze in Ile-Ife (Nigeria)
<p>The impact of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> on vegetation and soil seed bank was assessed in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Ten sample plots, 10 m x 10 m each, were established in invaded plant communities with high density of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> and adjacent uninvaded plant communities where the weed species has low density. In each sample plot, twenty 1 m x 1 m quadrats were randomly laid and all rooted plant species were identified and counted. Post-dispersal soil seed bank was collected by randomly taking five core samples of top soil per sample plot to estimate the soil seed bank density and floristics of the sites. The species composition of soil seed bank was compared with that of the above-ground vegetation so as to assess the invader's impact on the vegetation using Sorensen's index of similarity. The results showed that <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> invasion significantly impacted on the species diversity (<em>t</em> = 5.27; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.0003) and evenness of species distribution (<em>t</em> = 4.50; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.00005) in the aboveground vegetation, and the species diversity (<em>t</em> = 5.37; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.00004) and evenness of species distribution (<em>t</em> = 6.19; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> < 0.0001) in the soil seed bank. This study concluded that <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> has significantly caused alterations in key parameters of the aboveground vegetation and those of the soil seed bank. It is likely that with increasing resident time, these alterations might increase more significantly to enhance the spread of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em>.</p>
Inter- and intraspecific selection in alien plants: how population growth, functional traits and climate responses change with residence time
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>When alien species are introduced to new ranges, climate or trait mismatches may initially constrain their population growth. However, inter- and intraspecific selection in the new environment should cause population growth rates to increase with residence time. Using a species-for-time approach, we test whether with increasing residence time (a) negative effects of climatic mismatches between the species' new and native range on population growth weaken, and (b) functional traits converge towards values that maximize population growth in the new range.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Germany.</p> <p><strong>Time period: </strong>12,000 years BP to present.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied: </strong>46 plant species of the Asteraceae family.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We set up a common-garden mesocosm-experiment using annual plant species with a wide range of residence times (7-12,000 years) and followed their population dynamics over two years. We calculated climatic distance between the common garden and the species' native range. We also measured key functional traits of each species to analyse trait-demography relationships and test trait convergence with increasing residence time.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no support for the hypothesis that negative effects of climatic mismatches on population growth weaken with residence time. However, seed mass had a clear negative effect on population growth. As expected under such strong directional selection between or within species, increasing residence time led seed mass to converge to low values that increase population growth. Accordingly, population growth tended to increase with residence time.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>We identify trait but not climatic mismatches as important constraints on population growth of invaders. Understanding how inter- and intraspecific selection shapes functional traits of alien species should improve the predictability of future invasions and help understanding limits to the population growth and spread of invaders already present. In a broader context, this study contributes to the conceptual integration of invasion biology with community, functional, and population ecology.</p>
Floral visitation to alien plants is non-linearly related to their phylogenetic and floral similarity to native plants
<p>Biological invasions are key to understanding ecological processes that determine the formation of novel interactions. Alien species can negatively impact floral visitation to native species, but native species may also facilitate early establishment of closely related alien species by providing a preadapted pollinator community. We tested whether floral visitation to alien species depended on phylogenetic relatedness and floral similarity to native species. In a field experiment, we simulated the early stages of an invasion by adding potted alien plants into co-flowering native communities. We paired each alien plant with a host native plant, and recorded floral visitation to them for 3,068 hours (totalling 84,814 visits). We used 34 alien and 20 native species in 151 species combinations. We tested whether the number of floral visits to alien plants, the proportion of visits to alien plant relative to visits to both alien and native plants, and the similarity in flower visitor compositions of alien and native plants depended on phylogenetic and floral trait distances between alien and native species. Floral visitation to alien species was highest when they had intermediate floral trait distances to native species, and either low or high phylogenetic distances. Alien species received more similar flower-visitor groups to natives when they had low phylogenetic and either low or high floral trait distances to native species. Co-flowering native species may facilitate floral visitation to closely related alien species, and distantly related alien plants seem to avoid competition for flower visitors with native plants. Alien species with similar floral traits to natives compete with them for flower visitors, and alien species with dissimilar floral traits may not share flower visitors with native species. Alien species with intermediate floral trait distances to natives are most likely to receive flower visitors, as they are not too dissimilar and may still share flower visitors with native species, but not too similar to compete for flower visitors with them. The non-linear patterns between floral visitation and similarity of the alien and native species suggest that an interplay of facilitation and competition simultaneously drives the formation of novel plant-pollinator interactions.</p>
Clonal functional traits favor the invasive success of alien plants into native communities
<p><span>Functional traits are frequently proposed to determine the invasiveness of alien species. However, few empirical studies have directly manipulated functional traits and tested their importance in the invasion success of alien species into native plant communities, particularly under global change. We manipulated clonal integration (a key clonal functional trait) of four alien clonal plants by severing inter-ramet connections or keeping them intact, and simulated their invasion into native plant communities with two levels of species diversity, population density and nutrient availability</span><span>. High community diversity and density impeded the invasion success of the alien clonal plants. Clonal integration of the alien plants promoted their invasion success, particularly in the low-density communities associated with low species diversity or nutrient addition, which resulted in a negative correlation between performance of alien plants and native communities, as expected under global change. Thus, clonal integration can favor the invasion success of alien clonal plants into degraded resident communities with </span><span>a high degree of disturbance</span><span> and eutrophication. Our findings confirm the role of clonal</span><span> functional traits in facilitating alien plant invasions into native plant communities, and suggest that </span><span>clonal functional traits should be considered to efficiently restore degraded communities heavily invaded by alien clonal plants.</span></p>
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