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336 results for “Amaryllidaceae”
Polytomous radiation revealed in phylogenomic analysis of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) plastid genomes
<p>Alignment of 115 <em>Allium </em>chloroplast genomes plus three outgroups with all sites with missing data masked.</p>
Evolution of chromosome number in wild onions (Allium, Amaryllidaceae)
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Data from: Evidence for diurnal bee pollination in the ancestrally hawkmoth-pollinated genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)
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Data from: Deep reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting obscure the diploid phylogeny of rain-lilies and allies (Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae)
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Data from: Range-wide population genetics and variation in morph ratio in style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)
Premise of the study: Theoretical models state that natural selection and mating patterns account for floral morph ratio in style- polymorphic plants. However, the demographic history of populations can also influence variation in morph ratios. If so, we hypothesize an association between the morph ratios and the genetic structure across populations. Methods: We used nuclear microsatellites to assess genetic variation and structure in populations of Narcissus papyraceus, a style-dimorphic plant whose floral morph ratios (L-morph to S-morph) gradually vary throughout its distribution range in the southwestern SW Mediterranean Basin. We implemented analyses to relate the genetic features of populations with their morph ratios. Key results: We found greater frequencies of the S-morph in central populations and declining frequencies toward the periphery. This geographic pattern was not associated with the genetic structure of populations. Instead, we found two distinct genetic groups, mainly separated by the Strait of Gibraltar, with a mixture of morph ratios within each one. Overall, there was a weak genetic structure. Genetic diversity was greater in central and southern dimorphic populations than in northern L-monomorphic populations. Conclusions: Altogether, our results do not support the hypothesis that the demographic history of populations can account for the observed geographical pattern of morph ratios in N. papyraceus. We suggest that adaptive processes shown in previous studies in the species are the main determinant of the existing variation in the morph composition of populations.
Data from: Long-tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)
1. In hermaphroditic flowers, reciprocal herkogamy e.g. heterostyly enhances pollen transfer between floral morphs (disassortative pollination) while avoiding self-interference between sexual organs. By contrast, disassortative pollination might be compromised in style-dimorphic flowers, which lack perfect reciprocity between the two floral morphs. This sub-optimal functioning has been considered to explain why stylar dimorphism is rare in nature. 2. Some style-polymorphic species receive a wide array of floral visitors, including long-tongued insects that feed on nectar and short-tongued insects that feed on pollen. Differences in the morphology and behaviour of these two insect types could be manifested as different pollination patterns in each floral morph. 3. By observing individual pollinators and pollen deposition and delivery in small field-based experimental arrays with emasculated and intact flowers, we studied pollination patterns mediated by different insect types (long- and short-tongued) in the two floral morphs (long- and short-styled) of the style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus. We investigated patterns of pollen transfer between and within style morphs in cross pollinations, as well as self-pollination and pollen-removal rates, for each floral morph mediated by each insect type. 4. Long-tongued insects were efficient pollinators of both floral morphs as they removed little pollen from the anthers but deposited comparatively large amounts on the stigmas. Although disassortative and assortative pollen transfer were equally high to the long-styled morph, the former prevailed in the short-styled morph. Short-tongued insects removed large amounts of pollen from the anthers but deposited only a few pollen grains on the long-styled stigmas and a negligible number of grains on short-styled stigmas regardless of the morph of the donor. 5. In this study we provide empirical support for the hypothesis that, under the action of long-tongued pollinators, pollen transfer patterns in the stylar-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus resemble in part those of heterostylous species. In addition, we found that short-tongued insects act mostly as pollen thieves, thereby limiting the male fitness of both style morphs, besides depleting the female fitness of S-morph plants. In view of these results, we propose that the differing pollination efficiencies of floral visitors, in addition to their frequency, are key in determining the morph ratio of populations in this Narcissus.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships of Iranian Allium sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS, cpDNA rps16 and trnL–F sequences
Allium is a particularly species rich (more than 800 species) and economically important genus, with numerous taxonomic problems at all levels of classification. In this study, we try to uncover the phylogenetic relationships in the common leek (A. ampeloprasum) based on selected samples of this species and its putative relatives in sect. Allium from Iran. The silica-dried leaf samples of 56 accessions representing 23 species of Allium were sequenced for this study, 53 sequences of nrDNA ITS, 35 sequences of plastid rps16 and 52 sequences of trnL-F were generated and several accessions were extracted from GenBank in order to cover all recognized main lineages in the genus. Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference generated similar trees, but the placement of A. ampeloprasum and its relatives differs slightly in the nuclear versus plastid datasets. In the nrITS tree A. ampeloprasum is retrieved in a highly supported clade with A. iranicum, while in the combined plastid tree A. ampeloprasum formed a highly supported clade with A. vineale. This supports the hypothesis of a possible hybrid origin of A. ampeloprasum. Allium iranicum formed a clade in the plastid tree, but was resolved as paraphyletic in the nrITS tree, probably due to presence of multiple non-concerted copies of nrITS. Close relationships are suggested between following species: A. aznavense and A. wendelboi with A. talyschense, A. erubescens and A. rotundum with A. scorodoprasum, and A. abbasii with A. phanerantherum.
FIGURE 2. Hippeastrum euryphyllum. A–B in Hippeastrum euryphyllum (Amaryllidaceae), a microendemic species from northeastern Argentina: new combination, description, taxonomic identity and distribution
FIGURE 2. Hippeastrum euryphyllum. A–B. Habitat; C. Habit; D. Flower in frontal view; E. Flower in lateral view; F. Infructescence; G. Detail of dehiscent fruits and seed. Photos by W. Medina.
FIGURE 6 in Allium beypazariense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from middle Anatolia (Türkiye)
FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of seed testa of the new species and its closest related taxa. (A,B) Allium beypazariense; (C,D) A. opacum.
FIGURE 2 in Allium beypazariense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from middle Anatolia (Türkiye)
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Allium beypazariense from type locality. A) Habit, B) Inflorescence, C) Pedicels with bracts, D) Perigone, E) Leaf sheathing, F) Bulb.
FIGURE 5 in Allium beypazariense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from middle Anatolia (Türkiye)
FIGURE 5. Leaf cross-section of Allium beypazariense (ISTE 117222!) (A–C) and A. opacum (ISTE 87769!) (D–F).
FIGURE 7 in Allium beypazariense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from middle Anatolia (Türkiye)
FIGURE 7. Flower details of Allium beypazariense (A and B: Perigone, C: Tepals and filaments, D: Ovary, E: Capsule) and A. opacum (F and G: Perigone, H: Tepals and filaments, I: Ovary, J: Capsule).
FIGURE 1 in Allium beypazariense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from middle Anatolia (Türkiye)
FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Allium beypazariense (star) and its closest allied A. opacum (square).
Fig. 2 in The Crinum flaccidum (Amaryllidaceae) species complex in Australia
Fig. 2. Dendrogram of the morpho-logical data using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and a Gower similarity based on 24 morphological characters. All characters were independent and weighted equally. The Crinum flaccidum species complex has been separated into three clusters, namely, New South Wales, South Australia and C. luteolum. Within C. luteo-lum, the northern morphotype is red and the southern morphotype orange. The letter(s) and numbers at the start of C. flaccidum and C. luteolum samples indicate the population (Table S1).
Fig. 1 in The Crinum flaccidum (Amaryllidaceae) species complex in Australia
Fig. 1. Cladogram of MrBayes and maximum-Likelihood analysis of Crinum flaccidum species complex with respective branch support values; inferred using K3Pu + F + I + G4 best-fit model. MrBayes/UFBoot2. For the C. flaccidum–luteolum complex, nodes have been collapsed to indicate the main well supported groupings. There is an inset phylogram to show inter-species differences.
Fig. 3 in The Crinum flaccidum (Amaryllidaceae) species complex in Australia
Fig. 3. Three-dimensional NMDS of Crinum flac-cidum and C. luteolum with biplot analysis of the morphological data using Gower similarity. The vectors are the biplot analysis of the 16 variable morphological characters (Table S3), where direc-tion and length are the extent to which the char-acters are affecting the species complex in the dendrogram (Fig. 2). Group 1 (light blue) consists of all New South Wales Crinum flaccidum samples; Group 2 (dark blue) comprises all South Australian C. flaccdium; and Group 3 was formed using all C. luteolum. The ordination plot has a STRESS score of 11.84%. The polygons represent the area covered by each group. Sample and character codes can be found in Tables S1 and S3 respectively.
FIGURE 3 in Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata (Amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Beauverdia hirtella subsp. hirtella (A–C) and B. hirtella subsp. lorentzii (D–E). A. Habit. B. Flower, upper view. C. Flower, lateral view. D. Flower, upper view. E. Flower, inclined view (A–C from L. P. Deble et al. 18851, D–E from L.P. Deble & F.S. Alves14739).
FIGURE 2. Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata. A in Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata (Amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata. A. Habitat of B. hirtella subsp. glabrata, growing with Beauverdia vittata, Oxalis perdicaria and O. sellowiana and several others delicate Poaceae and Cyperaceae. B. Habit. C. Flower, upper view. D. Flower, inclined view. E. Flower, lateral view. F. Capsule (A–E from L. P. Deble & B.P. Moreira 19451; F, from L. P. Deble & B.P. Moreira 19245).
FIGURE 1. Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata. A–B. Habit. C. Flower, upper view. D in Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata (Amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata. A–B. Habit. C. Flower, upper view. D. Flower, lateral view, evidencing bracts and scape. E. Flower, showing the pistil and stamens. F. Capsule. G. seed. H. Pistil. I. Ovary, cross-section. J. Leaf, proximal part, evidencing the apex of the leaf-sheaths. K. Leaf, distal part. L. Leaf, cross-section of the proximal part. M. Leaf, cross-section of the distal part. N. Ovules, removed of the locule (A, C–E, H–N, from L. P. Deble & B.P. Moreira 19451; B, F–G, from L. P. Deble & B.P. Moreira 19245).
FIGURE 4 in Allium elaounii: a new species of A. sect. Pseudoscorodon (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae, Allieae) from Kroumirian mountains, Tunisia
FIGURE 4. Distribution map and main localities of Allium species with yellow/yellowish/yellowish-green/greenish-yellow perigone of A. sect. Pseudoscorodon in the Mediterranean area, still no published data available from Algeria (Wilaya of M'Sila).
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