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Linked collectors and determiners for: Hymenoptera Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Hymenoptera Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c001a28f-6f37-40e9-8e34-e0ada1772e4d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c001a28f-6f37-40e9-8e34-e0ada1772e4d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c001a28f-6f37-40e9-8e34-e0ada1772e4d">https://gbif.org/dataset/c001a28f-6f37-40e9-8e34-e0ada1772e4d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Chilopoda Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Chilopoda Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9c63bc91-3b2b-4f5e-9eb8-037c3c11ca67">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9c63bc91-3b2b-4f5e-9eb8-037c3c11ca67</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9c63bc91-3b2b-4f5e-9eb8-037c3c11ca67">https://gbif.org/dataset/9c63bc91-3b2b-4f5e-9eb8-037c3c11ca67</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Symphyla Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Symphyla Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9e0936f9-8902-4a4b-8f32-a3e3b038993d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9e0936f9-8902-4a4b-8f32-a3e3b038993d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9e0936f9-8902-4a4b-8f32-a3e3b038993d">https://gbif.org/dataset/9e0936f9-8902-4a4b-8f32-a3e3b038993d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Diplopoda Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Diplopoda Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6834c3b4-50a7-42df-a87f-324239eaca66">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6834c3b4-50a7-42df-a87f-324239eaca66</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6834c3b4-50a7-42df-a87f-324239eaca66">https://gbif.org/dataset/6834c3b4-50a7-42df-a87f-324239eaca66</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: HERBAM - Herbário da Amazônia Meridional.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "HERBAM - Herbário da Amazônia Meridional". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/22331d58-4a7e-40da-b7db-652a4d4d85ed">https://bionomia.net/dataset/22331d58-4a7e-40da-b7db-652a4d4d85ed</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/22331d58-4a7e-40da-b7db-652a4d4d85ed">https://gbif.org/dataset/22331d58-4a7e-40da-b7db-652a4d4d85ed</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Diptera Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Diptera Collection - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1412d4de-9982-4f96-8393-3dc9fe1df74f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1412d4de-9982-4f96-8393-3dc9fe1df74f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1412d4de-9982-4f96-8393-3dc9fe1df74f">https://gbif.org/dataset/1412d4de-9982-4f96-8393-3dc9fe1df74f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: HERBAM herbarium - Herbário da Amazônia Meridional - Herbário Virtual REFLORA.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "HERBAM herbarium - Herbário da Amazônia Meridional - Herbário Virtual REFLORA". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1a699020-5c6b-4d91-8527-eb464b153a22">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1a699020-5c6b-4d91-8527-eb464b153a22</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1a699020-5c6b-4d91-8527-eb464b153a22">https://gbif.org/dataset/1a699020-5c6b-4d91-8527-eb464b153a22</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 9. Oscillogram (upper graph) and sonogram (lower graph) of advertisement calls of a male Allobates tapajos (INPA- H 34423) illustrating the terminology applied along call description and characterization (see text).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates tapajos recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itatituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 34402, SVL = 15.02 mm) recorded at 23.9 °C. Notes are predominantly arranged in consecutive note pairs split by slightly longer silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two note pairs from the same call session, ascending frequency modulation is evident in the sonogram. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 34423, SVL = 15.32 mm), also recorded at type locality at 23.9 °C, exemplifying variation in note arrangement (note several single notes scattered along call length). (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that spectral parameters of notes do not vary across distinct note arrangements.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Preserved females (A—lower line) and males (A—upper line) of Allobates tapajos showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note the central region of dorsum with irregular dark brown blotches from eye level to urostyle region (A). Color of ventral surface (B) is similar among preserved females and males (F=female, M=male, numbers correspond to original field numbers).

FIGURE 12 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 12. Location of some large Amazonian rivers and relevant Allobates type localities in northern South America. Yellow star: Type locality of Allobates tapajos in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River, Pará State, Brazil. PNA is also the type locality of Allobates masniger and A. magnussoni. Yellow circle: Additional occurrence location of A. tapajos near Curuá-Una River on the east bank of the Tapajós River, southeast of the city of Santarém. Yellow square: Type locality of Allobates marchesianus. Allobates tapajos has been erroneously identified as A. marchesianus in past literature and molecular databases (see text). Yellow triangle: Origin of A. gasconi samples near Eirunepé, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Black dots: Type localities of Allobates species from the Amazon basin which are similar in size with A. tapajos and can be more easily misidentified with the latter by the examination of preserved specimens: 1—A. conspicuus; 2—A. fuscellus; 3— A. gasconi; 4—A. subfolionidificans; 5—A. grillisimilis; 6—A. caeruleodactylus; 7—A. amissibilis; 8—A. sumtuosus; 9—A. granti.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral and (C) lateral views in life of the holotype of Allobates tapajos (INPA-H 34425). (C). Photographs by A.P. Lima.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 2. (A) Dorsolateral, (B) ventral and (C) lateral views in preserved of the holotype of Allobates tapajos (INPA-H 34425). (D) Dorsolateral view of the allotype (INPA-H 34424) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA). Photographs by A.P. Lima.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 7. Oral discs of Allobates tapajos from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole at developmental stage 39. (C) Oral disc of tadpole at stage 35. Papillae on the right portion of posterior labium are turned anteriorly to emphasize their length. (D) Oral disc of a second tadpole at developmental stage 35, emphasizing relative length of tooth rows. Scale bar corresponds to 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Color in life of Allobates tapajos. (A) Dorsolateral and (G) ventral view of allotype (INPA-H 34424) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA). (A), (B), (C) and (D) Variation in dorsal color pattern. Note absence of dorsolateral lines. Ventral view of (I) a female (INPA-H 34407) and of (H) a male (INPA-H 34404). Note whitish ventral surfaces of female specimens and the yellow throat and chest on males. Lateral views of females (A, D and F) and male (E) specimens. Note that the ventrolateral stripe is absent or is restricted to round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A.P. Lima.

FIGURE 11 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 11. Evolutionary relationships between Allobates tapajos and other species of cryptically colored Allobates occurring in Brazil and across cis-Andean South America, as inferred from an unrooted maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a 420 bp fragment of the 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene. All sequences proceed from specimens collected at the type localities of each species, except when indicated between parentheses. Live male frogs depicted on the right represent typical specimens of A. tapajos, A. magnussoni and A. masniger, which occur in sympatry in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, and their respective clades. Clade labels indicate support values obtained from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only support values>80% are shown). Basal clades received weak support and should not be considered to reflect the actual evolutionary relationships between the taxa analyzed.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Foot and hand of Allobates tapajos holotype (INPA-H 34425). Scale bars near the foot correspond to 2.0 mm and hand 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV.

FIGURE 13 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 13. Calling male (A), egg clutch (B) and tadpole nest (C) of Allobates tapajos from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Tadpoles of Allobates tapajos from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, near Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008. (A) From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole in developmental stage 35 (INPA-H 34426). (B) From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole in developmental stage 39 (INPA-H 34427). A tadpole from lot INPA-H 34427 was used in the detailed description (see text). Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 10. An alternative call type of Allobates tapajos recorded from a single male (INPA-H 34411, SVL = 16.08 mm) at the species type locality. Recording was conducted at air temperature of 25 °C. (A) This alternative call type is formed by trills of single notes split by relatively long silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of a trill of notes. Notes in trills were slightly shorter and emitted in a higher bandwidth when compared to notes in regular advertisement calls of the same individual.