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41 results for “American alligator”
Data from: Maternal deposition of hormones and contaminants shape the gonadal transcriptome in American alligators
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Fig. 1 in Gastric nematode diversity between estuarine and inland freshwater populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, daudin 1802), and the prediction of intermediate hosts
Fig. 1. Collecting localities of alligators in Georgia and Florida.
Fig. 4 in Gastric nematode diversity between estuarine and inland freshwater populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, daudin 1802), and the prediction of intermediate hosts
Fig. 4. Prey stomach contents categorized to taxonomic class levels.
American alligator ultrasound and microCT
<p class="MsoNormal">Unlike the majority of sauropsids, which breathe primarily through costal and abdominal muscle contractions, extant crocodilians have evolved the hepatic piston pump, a unique ventilatory mechanism powered by the diaphragmaticus muscle. This muscle attaches to the pelvis and the liver, pulling the liver and viscera caudally during inspiration and lowering pressure in the pleuroperitoneal cavity, helping to inflate the lungs. It has been hypothesized that the hepatic piston pump is coupled to modifications in the axial skeleton that result in a smooth interior thoracic ceiling, facilitating craniocaudal translation of the viscera during ventilation. We assess this using ultrasound video to visualize the hepatic-piston apparatus in breathing sub-adult and adult individuals (n = 7) of the American alligator (<em>Alligator mississippiensis</em>). The magnitude of displacement of the liver was calculated by measuring the distance between the most cranial and most caudal positions of the liver during a breath cycle. These data demonstrate that pleural tissues are freely sliding cranially and caudally along the thoracic ceiling. Based on our results, we suggest that features associated with the presence or absence of a smooth thoracolumbar ceiling are viable osteological correlates for reconstructing the evolution of the hepatic piston pump in extinct crocodyliform archosaurs.</p>
FIG. 5 in Nest Attendance Patterns in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
FIG. 5. Nest visits were temperature-dependent, as most of the visits occurred at night when temperatures were lower, or, observationally, during periods of cloudy weather with thunderstorms during the mid-morning hours of the 2012 season.
FIG. 4 in Nest Attendance Patterns in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
FIG. 4. An alligator confronts a wild hog in a nest defense behavior. The eggs were deposited in the nest on 10 June 2011, and thus this photo was captured on the second day after egg deposition. This was the only photo captured in the sequence. There was no damage to the nest, and no hair or blood was found at the nest site; thus, we assume that this confrontation resulted in a successful nest defense for the alligator.
FIG. 3. Cumulative rainfall for coastal southeast Texas. Note that the 2011 field season experienced only 54.8 in Nest Attendance Patterns in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
FIG. 3. Cumulative rainfall for coastal southeast Texas. Note that the 2011 field season experienced only 54.8% of the normal rainfall through the first nine months of the year, while the 2012 season has much higher rainfall (71% above normal). This time frame covers the entire breeding, nesting, and incubation periods for alligators, and nest attendance patterns were not different between years despite drastic difference in climatic conditions.
FIG. 2 in Nest Attendance Patterns in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
FIG. 2. Generalized additive model (GAM) analysis of alligator nest visitation varying over the incubation period in 2011 (A; v2 ¼ 64.31, r2 ¼ 0.07, P, 0.01) and 2012 (B; v2 ¼ 56.98, r2 ¼ 0.13, P, 0.01). Nests with an alligator present (1) or absent (0) are shown as binary classes (boxes) with darker shading indicating higher densities of observations. Binary data were used to calculate the proportion of nests with visits (circles). Nest attendance declined rapidly during the first weeks, remained low for the majority of incubation, and increased during
FIG. 1 in Nest Attendance Patterns in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
FIG. 1. Minimum length of visits to nests, based on the number of photos in which the alligators were captured. Photos were captured every five minutes, and time ranges were based on the number of consecutive photos in which the alligators were captured.
American alligator ultrasound and microCT
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Data from: A novel accessory respiratory muscle in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
The muscles that effect lung ventilation are key to understanding the evolutionary constraints on animal form and function. Here, through electromyography, we demonstrate a newly discovered respiratory function for the iliocostalis muscle in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). The iliocostalis is active during expiration when breathing on land at 28C and this activity is mediated through the uncinate processes on the vertebral ribs. There was also an increase in muscle activity during the forced expirations of alarm distress vocalisations. Interestingly we did not find any respiratory activity in the iliocostalis when the alligators were breathing with their body submerged in water at 18C, which resulted in a reduced breathing frequency. The iliocostalis is an accessory breathing muscle that alligators are able to recruit in to assist expiration under certain conditions.
Figure 5 from: Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA, McAllister CT, Pulis EE (2017) A new species of leech of the genus Placobdella (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Mississippi, USA. ZooKeys 667: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10680
Figure 5 - Dorsal surface, anal region, (note lack of papillae between anus and commencement of prominent paramedial papillae) of A Placobdella papillifera (YPM 083792) B Placobdella siddalli Richardson & Moser (YPM 083857). Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 4 from: Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA, McAllister CT, Pulis EE (2017) A new species of leech of the genus Placobdella (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Mississippi, USA. ZooKeys 667: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10680
Figure 4 - Dorsal surface, anal region. Medial row of small but distinct papillae (indicated by arrows) lying between the anus and commencement of prominent paramedial papillae, on A Placobdella rugosa (YPM 083787) B Placobdella ornata, syntype (YPM 000256) C Placobdella ali (YPM 058254) D Placobdella multilineata (YPM 083782). Scale bars: 3 mm (A), 1 mm (B), 4 mm (C), 2 mm (D).
Figure 1 from: Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA, McAllister CT, Pulis EE (2017) A new species of leech of the genus Placobdella (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Mississippi, USA. ZooKeys 667: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10680
Figure 1 - Holotype specimen of Placobdella siddalli Richardson & Moser, YPM 083857 A Dorsal surface B Ventral surface. Scale bar: 2 mm.
Figure 3 from: Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA, McAllister CT, Pulis EE (2017) A new species of leech of the genus Placobdella (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Mississippi, USA. ZooKeys 667: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10680
Figure 3 - Paratype specimen of Placobdella siddalli Richardson & Moser, YPM 083876 mounted in Canada balsam, crop ceca (CC), anterior salivary gland (A), posterior salivary gland (P), proboscis (Pr). Scale bar: 2 mm.
Figure 2 from: Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA, McAllister CT, Pulis EE (2017) A new species of leech of the genus Placobdella (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Mississippi, USA. ZooKeys 667: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10680
Figure 2 - Internal anatomy of Placobdella siddalli Richardson & Moser, YPM 083875. Dorsal view, anterior salivary gland (A), posterior salivary gland (P), proboscis (Pr). Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 6 from: Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA, McAllister CT, Pulis EE (2017) A new species of leech of the genus Placobdella (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Mississippi, USA. ZooKeys 667: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10680
Figure 6 - Ventral surface of various species of Placobdella. Note the diameter of the caudal sucker relative to body length and width of individuals. A Placobdella ali (YPM 058279) B Placobdella ornata (YPM 083847) C Placobdella siddalli Richardson & Moser (YPM 083857) D Placobdella multilineata (YPM 083850) E Placobdella papillifera (YPM 083856) F Placobdella parasitica (YPM 059092) G Placobdella rugosa (YPM 056680). Scale bars: 10 mm (A, F), 2 mm (B), 3 mm (C), 5 mm (D, G), 1 mm (E).
Figure 11 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Figure 11. Relationships between bone texture type and femur length body-size proxy for individuals with known habitat. A, femora. B, tibiae. C, humeri.
Figure 5 in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Figure 5. Relationships between femur length body-size proxy and element percentage maturity based on cluster analyses of long bone landmarks. A, femora: three individuals 25% mature, 21 individuals 50% mature, 61 individuals 75% mature, 24 individuals 100% mature. B, tibiae: one individual 0% mature, 16 individuals 33% mature, 24 individuals 67% mature, four individuals 100% mature. C, humeri: three individuals 0% mature, seven individuals 33% mature, 32 individuals 67% mature, six individuals 100% mature.
Data from: A novel accessory respiratory muscle in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
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