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FIGURES 4–6. Amplaria muiri, n in Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California

FIGURES 4–6. Amplaria muiri, n. sp., male, scanning electron micrographs. 4. Coxae and trochanters of second legs of male, ventral view; p, seminal pore; cx, coxa; tr, trochanter. 5. Tibia and tarsus of first leg of male, showing modified setae on ventral surface, posterior view. 6. Modified setae from ventral surface of tibia.

FIGURES 24–26. 24 in Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California

FIGURES 24–26. 24. Amplaria muiri in Lange Cave. 25. Amplaria adamsii in Clough Cave. 26. Amplaria muiri ecology in Carmoe Crevice. To the right is an individual of the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii, found near a large group of Amplaria muiri that were feeding on the seed of a California Bay Laurel (left). The salamander was not observed eating the millipeds, but likely preys on them.

FIGURES 9–14. Amplaria muiri, n in Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California

FIGURES 9–14. Amplaria muiri, n. sp., male, scanning electron micrographs. 9. Gonopods, ventrolateral view; posterior to the right. 10. Gonopods, posterior view. 11. Gonopods, ventroposterior view. 12. Spine at corner of mentum and modified mandibular stipes, anterior view, ventral to the left. 13. Coxae of legpairs 3–5, anterior at the top. 14. Modified setae from coxa of leg 3.

FIGURES 1–3 in Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California

FIGURES 1–3. Amplaria eldora, Grapevine Cave specimen, male. 1. Right gonopod, lateral view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite; llcc, lateral lobe of colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxite. 2. Posterior angiocoxite of right gonopod, mesal view. 3. Tip of sheathing branch of posterior angiocoxite, mesal view.

FIGURE 23 in Revalidation of the milliped genus Amplaria Chamberlin 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), and description of two new species from caves in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California

FIGURE 23. Map of parts of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Tulare Co., California, showing locations of caves studied in 2003–2004 by JKK and associates. Note that some of the cave names are shortened for ease of viewing on the map, typically the word "Cave" is left off. See text for the full names of caves in which Amplaria specimens were collected.

FIGURES 17–18 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 17–18. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 17, tip of right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 18, tip of left gonopod, mesal view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites.

FIGURES 14–16 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 14–16. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites; tel, telopodite; sp, coxosternal process; st, sternum.

FIGURES 6–9 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 6–9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7.

FIGURES 10–13 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 10–13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest.

FIGURES 1, 2 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 1, 2. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910). Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male. Col, collum; lab, labrum.

FIGURES 3–5 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 3–5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3–5 of male. cp3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L3–5, legs 3–5; pf, prefemur; pf3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments.

FIGURES 3–7. Amplaria oedipus, n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 3–7. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., male paratype. Fig. 3. Legpairs 3–7, ventral view; cx3, third leg coxa; pf(numeral), prefemora of legs 4-7; t(numeral), greatly inflated tarsi of legs 5, 6. Fig. 4. Bases of legpair 2, ventral view; cx2, coxa of second leg; pf2, prefemur of leg 2; tr2, trochanter of second leg; trp, trochanteral process; vd, opening of vas deferens. Fig. 5. Bases of legpair 3; cf, coxal flask of third leg; cx3, coxa of third leg; s3, sternum of third leg. Fig. 6. Greatly inflated tarsus of left fifth leg, distal view; t5, tarsus of fifth leg. Fig. 7. Greatly inflated tarsus of right sixth leg, lateral view; t6, tarsus of sixth leg.

FIGURES 1 and 2. Amplaria oedipus n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 1 and 2. Amplaria oedipus n. sp., male paratype. Fig. 1. Head and anterior legs, ventral view; lab, labrum; lh, labral hook; ms, mandibular stipes; pf1, prefemur of first leg; pf2, prefemur of second leg; t1, tarsus of first leg. Fig. 2. Rings 26–29 and telson; numerals, ring numbers; c (numerals), crest numbers of right side of ring 26; tel, telson.

FIGURES 12, 13. Amplaria oedipus, n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 12, 13. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., male holotype. Fig. 12. Right gonopod, lateral view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite; lcc, lateral lobe of colpocoxite. Fig. 13. Right gonopod, mesal view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; fc, flagellocoxite; pcc, posterior lobe of colpocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite. Without scale.

FIGURES 8–11. Amplaria oedipus, n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 8–11. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., male paratype. Fig. 8. Gonopods, posterior view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; cx, gonopod coxa; fc, flagellocoxite; lcc, lateral lobe of colpocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite; pcc, posterior lobe of colpocoxite. The lateral lobe of the colpocoxite has collapsed due to drying for SEM. Fig. 9. Tip of left anterior angiocoxite, mesal view. Fig. 10. Tips of right anterior and posterior angiocoxites, posterior view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; fc, flagellocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite. Fig. 11. Left leg 9, anterior view; cp, coxal process; cx9, coxa of leg 9.

FIGURES 48–51. Trisaria olympia. Fig. 48. Gonopods, anterior view. Fig. 49. Gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 50 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: I. Introduction to the family, synonymy of Vaferaria Causey with Amplaria Chamberlin, the new subfamily Trisariinae, the new genus Trisaria, and three new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 48–51. Trisaria olympia. Fig. 48. Gonopods, anterior view. Fig. 49. Gonopods, posterior view. Fig. 50. Tip of left gonopod, posterior view. Fig. 41. Legpair 9 of male, anterior view. Labels as in Figs. 21–23.

FIGURES 43–47. Trisaria olympia. Fig. 43 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: I. Introduction to the family, synonymy of Vaferaria Causey with Amplaria Chamberlin, the new subfamily Trisariinae, the new genus Trisaria, and three new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 43–47. Trisaria olympia. Fig. 43. Anterior end of female, lateral view. Fig. 44. Legpair 1 of male, posterior view. Fig. 45. Specialized setae of femur and tibia 1 of male. Fig. 46. Specialized setae of tarsus 1 of male. Fig. 47. Genitalia of female, ventral view; lo, left operculum, lv, left valve, ro, right operculum, rv, right valve.

FIGURES 32–35. Trisaria washingtonensis gonopods. Fig. 32. Anterior view. Fig. 33. Posterior view. Fig. 34. Lateral oblique view. Fig. 35 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: I. Introduction to the family, synonymy of Vaferaria Causey with Amplaria Chamberlin, the new subfamily Trisariinae, the new genus Trisaria, and three new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 32–35. Trisaria washingtonensis gonopods. Fig. 32. Anterior view. Fig. 33. Posterior view. Fig. 34. Lateral oblique view. Fig. 35. Ventral view; sp?, possible spiracle. All other labels as in Figs. 20 & 21.

FIGURES 15–19. Trisaria rex. Fig. 15 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: I. Introduction to the family, synonymy of Vaferaria Causey with Amplaria Chamberlin, the new subfamily Trisariinae, the new genus Trisaria, and three new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 15–19. Trisaria rex. Fig. 15. Gnathochilarium of male, ventral view; isp, inner stipital palp, ll, laminae linguales, lp, lingual palp, m, promentum, osp, outer stipital palp, stg, stipes of gnathochilarium. Fig. 16. Terminal structures, ventral view; epi, epiproct, hypo, hypoproct, para, paraproct. Fig. 17. Specialized setae of legpair 1. Fig. 18. Legpair 3, anterior view; cx3, coxa, pf3, prefemur 3, s3, sternum 3. Fig. 19. Tip of coxal flask of left legpair 3, anterior view.

FIGURES 1–4. Striaria columbiana. Fig. 1 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: I. Introduction to the family, synonymy of Vaferaria Causey with Amplaria Chamberlin, the new subfamily Trisariinae, the new genus Trisaria, and three new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

FIGURES 1–4. Striaria columbiana. Fig. 1. Head and collum of female, frontal view; c1–c5, crests 1–5 of collum. Fig. 2. Head, collum and rings 1–3 of female, dorsal view; c1–c6, crests 1–6 of ring 1. Fig. 3. Legpairs 2 and 3 of male, ventral view; cx2, coxa of leg 2, cx3, coxa of leg 3, gp, gonopore, r4p, ring 4 pleurotergal process, st3, sternum of legpair 3; legpair 2 red, legpair 3 blue, pleurotergite 4 yellow. Fig. 4. Epiproct and paraparocts of female, ventral view; epi, median lobe of epiproct, para, paraprocts, sp, spinnerets.