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274 results for “Anolis”
Fig. 1 in First records of Anolis ventrimaculatus Boulenger, 1911 (Squamata: Iguanidae) in Ecuador
Fig. 1. Distribution of Anolis ventrimaculatus in South America (locality numbers are listed in Table 1).
Morphological data quantifying sexual dimorphism of Anolis carolinensis in presence and absence of congener
<p>Natural selection favors sexual dimorphism that reduces resource competition between the sexes of the same species. However, niche partitioning among interspecific competitors should counter such divergence, as partitioning the niche results in smaller total niche widths for each individual species, leaving less room for the sexes to diverge. A straightforward (and long-standing) hypothesis emerges: species in competitor-rich ecological communities should show less sexual dimorphism than species in competitor-poor ecological communities. Here, we test this prediction using a well-documented natural experiment generated by the recent arrival of <i>Anolis sagrei </i>to a set of small islands in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, containing <i>Anolis carolinensis</i>. Despite known interspecific habitat partitioning and rapid evolution in habitat-use traits by <i>A. carolinensis</i> in this system, sexual dimorphism between male and female <i>A. carolinensis</i> was not reduced as predicted on two-species islands relative to islands with only <i>A. carolinensis</i>. This is consistent with a small but growing body of empirical tests of the dimorphism-richness hypothesis that have been ambiguous in their support at best. A rethinking of the validity of this intuitive hypothesis is needed.</p>
Data from: Can extreme climatic events induce shifts in adaptive potential? A conceptual framework and empirical test with Anolis lizards
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Data from: Demographic expansion and panmixia in a St. Martin endemic, Anolis pogus, coincides with the decline of a competitor
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Comparison of thermal developmental plasticity among seven recently sympatric <i>Anolis</i> species: insights into the evolution of reaction norms
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Morphological data quantifying sexual dimorphism of Anolis carolinensis in presence and absence of congener
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Urbanization drives habitat suitability of the invasive Cuban Knight Anole (<em>Anolis equestris</em>) in Florida, USA
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Anolis carolinensis character displacement SNP
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Data from: The genetic architecture of dewlap pattern in Hispaniola Anoles (Anolis distichus)
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Data from: Environmental variation influences genome evolution in Hispaniolan trunk anoles (<i>Anolis distichus</i>)
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Female dewlap ornaments are evolutionarily labile and associated with increased influence diversification rates in Anolis lizards
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Character displacement in the midst of background evolution in island populations of Anolis lizards: a spatiotemporal perspective
<p>Negative interactions between species can generate divergent selection that causes character displacement. However, other processes cause similar divergence. We use spatial and temporal replication of island populations of <i>Anolis </i>lizards to assess the importance of negative interactions in driving trait shifts. Previous work showed that the establishment of <i>Anolis sagrei </i>drove resident <i>Anolis carolinensis </i>to perch higher and evolve larger toepads. To further test the interaction's causality and predictability, we resurveyed a subset of islands nine years later. <i>Anolis sagrei</i> had established on one island between surveys. We found that <i>A. carolinensis </i>on this island now perch higher and have larger toepads. However, toepad morphology change on this island was not distinct from shifts on six other islands whose <i>Anolis </i>community composition had not changed. Thus, the presence of <i>A. sagrei </i>only partly explains <i>A. carolinensis </i>trait<i> </i>variation across space and time<i>. </i>We also find that <i>A. </i><i>carolinensis</i> on islands with previously established <i>A. sagrei</i> now perch higher than a decade ago, and that current <i>A. carolinensis </i>perch height is correlated with <i>A. sagrei</i> density. Our results suggest that character displacement likely interacts with other evolutionary processes in this system, and that temporal data are key to detecting such interactions.</p>
Data and analysis scripts: Evidence supporting an evolutionary trade-off between material properties and architectural design in Anolis lizard long bones
<p>In biology, 'many-to-one mapping' occurs when multiple morphological forms can meet a particular functional demand. Knowledge of this mapping is crucial for understanding how selection on performance shapes the evolution of morphological diversity. Past research has focused primarily on the potential for geometrically alternative morphological designs to produce equivalent performance outcomes. Here we ask whether the material properties of biological tissues hold similar potential. Through phylogenetic comparative study of <em>Anolis</em> lizards, we show that the architectural design and mineral density of the femur trade off in a many-to-one functional system, yielding a morphospace featuring parallel isolines in size-relative bending strength. Anole femur evolution has largely tracked a narrow band of strength isolines over phylogenetic timescales, suggesting that geometry and mineral content shape the course of macroevolution through compensatory effects on performance. Despite this conserved evolutionary relationship, insular and continental species evolve strong bones differently, likely reflecting underlying ecological differences. Mainland anoles, which exhibit fast-paced life histories, typically have femora with lower mineralization and thinner walls than island species, which exhibit the opposite strategy. Together, our results reveal an overlooked dimension in the relationship between form and function, expanding our understanding of how many-to-one mapping can shape patterns of phenotypic diversity.</p>
Data from: Fixation and preservation contribute to distortion in vertebrate museum specimens: a ten-year study with the lizard Anolis sagrei
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span class="MsoIntenseEmphasis"><span>Preservation of museum specimens depends on chemical fixation and preservation, processes that might distort the original material. Relatively few studies have examined preservation effects in potentially susceptible soft-bodied taxa like herpetofauna, and those that have rarely extend over more than a few months. We collected six common morphological measurements from the same set of radiographed specimens of the Neotropical lizard Anolis sagrei over nearly ten years to investigate whether morphometric changes result from fixation in formalin and/or subsequent long-term preservation in ethanol. Snout-vent length (SVL) declined 3.5% on average over 10 years, starting almost immediately with fixation and continuing to decline during fluid preservation, eventually leveling off at 40 weeks and beyond. The mostly-ossified component of SVL, spine length, declined 2% on average, but the decline did not begin until fluid preservation commenced and continued throughout the duration of the study. Other characters showed significant decline over the course of the study. Our findings suggest caution when combining fresh and preserved specimens, or specimens of different preservation ages, as a decline in snout-vent length but not in other allometrically proportional characters will introduce error when correcting characters for body size in preserved animals. </span></span></p>
Data from: Conservation and convergence of genetic architecture in the adaptive radiation of anolis lizards
<p>The G matrix, which quantifies the genetic architecture of traits, is often viewed as an evolutionary constraint. However, G can evolve in response to selection and may also be viewed as a product of adaptive evolution. Convergent evolution of G in similar environments would suggest that G evolves adaptively, but it is difficult to disentangle such effects from phylogeny. Here, we use the adaptive radiation of Anolis lizards to ask whether convergence of G accompanies the repeated evolution of habitat specialists, or ecomorphs, across the Greater Antilles. We measured G in seven species representing three ecomorphs (trunk-crown, trunk-ground, and grass-bush). We found that the overall structure of G does not converge. Instead, the structure of G is well conserved and displays a phylogenetic signal consistent with Brownian motion. However, several elements of G showed signatures of convergence, indicating that some aspects of genetic architecture have been shaped by selection. Most notably, genetic correlations between limb traits and body traits were weaker in long-legged trunk-ground species, suggesting effects of recurrent selection on limb length. Our results demonstrate that common selection pressures may have subtle but consistent effects on the evolution of G, even as its overall structure remains conserved.</p>
Data from: Signal detection shapes ornament allometry in functionally convergent Caribbean Anolis and Southeast Asian Draco lizards
<p>Visual ornaments have long been assumed to evolve hyper-allometry as an outcome of sexual selection. Yet growing evidence suggests many sexually-selected morphologies can exhibit other scaling patterns with body size, including hypo-allometry. The large conspicuous throat fan, or dewlap, of arboreal Caribbean Anolis lizards was one ornament previously thought to conform to the classical expectation of hyper-allometry. We re-evaluated this classic example alongside a second arboreal group of lizards that has also independently evolved a functionally equivalent dewlap, the Southeast Asian Draco lizards. Across multiple closely-related species in both genera, the Anolis and Draco dewlaps were either isometric or had hypo-allometric scaling patterns. In the case of the Anolis dewlap, variation in dewlap allometry was predicted by the distance of conspecifics and the light environment in which the dewlap was typically viewed. Signal efficacy therefore appears to have driven the evolution of hypo-allometry in what was originally thought to be a sexually-selected ornament with hyper-allometry. Our findings suggest that other elaborate morphological structures used in social communication might similarly exhibit isometric or hypo-allometric scaling patterns because of environmental constraints on signal detection.</p>
Figure 6. A in A new species of Anolis (Squamata: Iguanidae) from Panama
Figure 6. A) Ventral and B) dorsal head scales of holotype of A. elcopeensis.
Figure 3 in A new species of Anolis (Squamata: Iguanidae) from Panama
Figure 3 (continued). D) A. maculiventris (male, near Buenaventura, Colombia).
Fig. 1 in Description of two new species similar to Anolis insignis (Squamata: Iguanidae) and resurrection of Anolis (Diaphoranolis) brooksi
Fig. 1. Anolis insignis, male, Pocosol, Alajuela, Costa Rica.
Data from: Artificial light at night increases growth and reproductive output in Anolis lizards
<p>Since the invention of electric lighting, artificial light at night (ALAN) has become a defining, and evolutionarily novel, feature of human-altered environments especially in cities. ALAN imposes negative impacts on many organisms, including disrupting endocrine function, metabolism, and reproduction. However, we do not know how generalized these impacts are across taxa that exploit urban environments. We exposed brown anole lizards, an abundant and invasive urban exploiter, to relevant levels of ALAN in the lab and assessed effects on growth and reproduction at the start of the breeding season. Male and female anoles exposed to ALAN increased growth and did not suffer increased levels of corticosterone. ALAN exposure induced earlier egg-laying, likely by mimicking a longer photoperiod, and increased reproductive output without reducing offspring quality. These increases in growth and reproduction should increase fitness. Anoles, and potentially other taxa, may be resistant to some negative effects of ALAN and able to take advantage of the novel niche space ALAN creates. ALAN and both its negative and positive impacts may play a crucial role in determining which species invade and exploit urban environments.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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