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64 results for “Anomalodesmata”
Figure 1 in Reconstructing the Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia): morphology and molecules
Figure 1. The changing familial diversity of the anomalodesmatan bivalves over the course of the Phanerozoic. Data from an updated version of the late J.J. Sepkoski's unpublished data base.
Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences
Figure 5. Summary cladogram representing the relationships of the anomalodesmatan family-level taxa inferred from the 18S rRNA data. Asterisks indicate lacking support for the monophyly of the taxon.
Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences
Figure 3. Maximum-likelihood tree under an HKY85+I+G model (–logL = 25513.945, s/v ratio = 1382, pinvar = 0.189, gamma = 0.463).
Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences
Figure 2. Strict consensus tree of 22 most parsimonious trees using all alignment positions of the 18S rRNA data set. Bootstrap values (above branches) refer to 1000 replications, maximum-likelihood puzzling values (below branches; values lower than 30 not given) refer to 100 000 puzzling steps. A, subtree showing the position of Anomalodesmata among the Heterodonta. B, subtree of the Anomalodesmata. Pha., Pharidae; Ven., Veneridae. Asterisks mark species of the polyphyletic Myoida. Arrowheads indicate the anomalodesmatan nodes collapsing when 506 positions of uncertain alignment in the
Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences
Figure 1. Single most parsimonious tree resulting from the analysis of the entire morphological data set of Harper et al. (2000). Asterisks mark taxa not available for the present study. The Euciroidae as recognized by Poutiers & Bernard (1995) was not separated from the Verticordiidae.
FIGURES 34–45. Dilemma species. 34–40. Dilemma spectralis. Holotype, MNHN 20818 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 34–45. Dilemma species. 34–40. Dilemma spectralis. Holotype, MNHN 20818, whole specimen and shell views. 34–35. Whole specimen. 34. Posterior. 35. Anterior. Left valve is broken adjacent to byssal gape. 36. Right and left valves, lateral. 37. Ligament in posterodorsal view. 38. Detail of posteroventral shell surface showing periostracum with spicules. 39. Detail of anteroventral shell surface showing periostracum with worn spicules. 40. Right valve, ventral view of internal surface showing hinge. Scale bars: Figures 34–36 = 5 mm; Figures 37–40 = 1 mm. 41–45. Dilemma inexpectatum (Crozier, 1966). Holotype, NMNZ M.018488, left valve. 41–44. Valve views, from left to right: posterior, internal lateral, anterior, external lateral. 45. Detail showing cardinal-like tooth. Scale bars: Figures 41–44 = 5 mm; Figure 45 = 1 mm. Abbreviations: AAS = scar of anterior adductor muscle; BG = byssal gap; BGA = byssal gape (in mantle of broken shell); CT = cardinal-like tooth; ES = escutcheon; HS = hinge socket; IL = inner ligament layer; OL = outer ligament layer; SM = shell margin. Figures 41?44 courtesy Bruce Marshall, copyright Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
FIGURES 30–33. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 30–32. Paratype 1. 30. Posterior, 31 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 30–33. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 30–32. Paratype 1. 30. Posterior, 31. anterior, and 32. right lateral views of animal removed from shell and submerged in fixative. Mantle lobes are intact in all three views. 33. Paratype 2. Animal in shell showing relaxed excurrent siphonal opening. Abbreviations: AA = anterior adductor muscle; BGA = byssal gape; BY = byssus; DD = digestive diverticula; ES = excurrent siphonal opening; F = foot; FM = fused mantle margin; IS = incurrent siphonal opening; ISC = infraseptal chamber; K = kidney; PA = posterior adductor muscle; PBR = posterior byssal retractor muscle; OV = ovary; SE = septum; SC = incurrent siphonal cowl; SSC = supraseptal chamber; ST = stomach; TN = tentacles (on siphonal area); TE = testis; UT = unpaired tentacle. Scale bar: Figures 30–32 = 5 mm.
FIGURES 3–24 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 3–24. Dilemma frumarkernorum. Views of shells. 3–8. Holotype, BMSM 15029. 3–5. Right valve. 3. Posterior. 4. Ve n tr a l. 5. Lateral (internal). 6–8. Left valve. 6. Anterior. 7. Dorsal. 8. Lateral. 9–14. Paratype 2, UF 416419. 9– 11. Right valve. 9. Posterior. 10. Ventral. 11. Lateral (internal). 12–14. Left valve. 12. Anterior. 13. Dorsal. 14. Lateral. 15–20. Paratype 1, USNM 1112670. 15–17. Right valve. 9. Posterior. 10. Ventral. 11. Lateral (internal). 18–20. Left valve. 18. Anterior. 19. Dorsal. 20. Lateral. 21–24. Paratype 4, Frank Frumar Collection, complete shell, partially open. 21. Ventral. 22. Dorsal. 23. Posterior. 24. Anterior. Scale bar (all images at same scale) = 10 mm.
FIGURES 1–2. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 1 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 1–2. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 1. Major muscle scars and anteroposterior shell axis. Axis defined by a line joining median points of the anterior and posterior adductors scars projected onto the sagittal shell plane (Allen, 1985). 2. Dimensional orientations. Abbreviations: AAS = scar of anterior adductor muscle; ABS = Anterior byssal retractor muscle scar seen by transparency, situated in umbonal cavity; APA = anteroposterior axis; H = height; L = length; LI = ligament; PAS = scar of posterior adductor muscle; PBS = scar of posterior byssal retractor muscle; W = width.
FIGURES 54–58. Dilemma species, reconstructed macroanatomy. 54–57. Dilemma spectralis. 54 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 54–58. Dilemma species, reconstructed macroanatomy. 54–57. Dilemma spectralis. 54. Left lateral view with part of mantle wall removed. 55. Detail of mantle cavity in left lateral view showing pair of internal tentacles along posterior edge of excurrent siphon. 56. Detail of mouth region showing labial palps. 57. Posterior region showing siphonal opening, tentacles, and stomach with prey item (a cirolanid isopod.). 58. Comparison of septal ostia in D. frumarkernorum (left) and D. spectralis (right). Posterior view, only left half of septum shown, with dorsal at top and not to scale. Scale bars: Figure 54 = 3 mm, Figure 55 = 2 mm, Figure 56 = 1 mm. Abbreviations: AA = anterior adductor muscle; ALP = anterior labial palps; ASO = anterior group of septal ostia; BO = byssal opening; BY = byssus; DD = digestive diverticula; ES = excurrent siphon; IS = incurrent siphonal opening; ISC = infraseptal chamber; IST = prey item in stomach (a cirolanid isopod); IT = internal tentacles; ITN = tentacles deployed ventrally to incurrent siphon; JTN= tentacles deployed alongside intersiphonal junction; K = kidney; MG = midgut; MO = mouth; MSO = median group of septal ostia; OE = esophagus; PA = posterior adductor muscle; PBR = posterior byssal retractor muscle; PLP = posterior labial palps; PSO = posterior group of septal ostia; OV = ovary; SE = septum; SC = incurrent siphonal cowl; SSC = supraseptal chamber; ST = stomach; UT = unpaired tentacle.
FIGURES 46–53 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 46–53. Dilemma spectralis. Holotype, gross anatomy, major organs and anatomical structures. 46. Posterior view. 47. Anterior view with anterior mantle wall removed. 48–49. Left lateral views. 48. With part of mantle wall removed. 49. Tilted 30º to allow viewing of fused mantle margins and some septal ostia. 50. Right lateral view with part of mantle wall removed. 51. Detail of right side of supraseptal chamber showing internal tentacles anterior to excurrent siphons. 52. Detail of right side of septum around byssal opening showing three groups of septal ostia. 53. Detail of mouth area showing labial palps. Note small posterior labial palps and position of foot extremity in relation to mouth. Scale bars: Figure 46 = 3 mm; Figures 51, 52 = 2 mm; Figure 53 = 1 mm. Abbreviations: AA = anterior adductor muscle; ALP = anterior labial palps; ASO = anterior group of septal ostia; BGA = byssal gape; BY = byssus; DD = digestive diverticula; ES = excurrent siphonal opening; F = foot; FM = fused mantle margin; IS = incurrent siphonal opening; ISC = infraseptal chamber; IT = internal tentacles; K = kidney; MO = mouth; MSO = median group of septal ostia; PA = posterior adductor muscle; PBR = posterior byssal retractor muscle; PE = periostracum; PLP = posterior labial palps; PSM = posterior septal muscle; PSO = posterior group of septal ostia; OV = ovary; SE = septum; SC = incurrent siphonal cowl; SSC = supraseptal chamber; ST = stomach (engorged by content, see Figure 57); UT = unpaired tentacle; TE = testis; TN = tentacles (on siphonal area).
FIGURES 25–29. Dilemma frumarkernorum. Shell hinge and ligament. 25–28. Paratype 2. 25 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 25–29. Dilemma frumarkernorum. Shell hinge and ligament. 25–28. Paratype 2. 25. Internal views of shell, SEM. Left valve on left side. 26. Hinge in posteroventral view, SEM. 27. Same view, optical photography. 28. Detail of right valve showing ligament. 29. Paratype 1. Attached valves in ventro-lateral view showing hinge with interlocking teeth and sockets. Scale bars: Figures 25–27, 29 = 2 mm; Figure 28 = 1 mm.
Figure 24. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 24. Stirpulina ramosa. A transverse section through one of the kidneys showing a posterior pedal retractor muscle and its connection with a cerebro-pleural – visceral ganglia connective. C-P-V-CONN, cerebropleural – visceral ganglia connective; DK, distal limb of the kidney; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle.
Figure 25. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 25. Stirpulina ramosa. A section through the hypobranchial gland lining the supra-branchial chamber. ECC, epithelial ciliated cell; EGC, epithelial gland cell; GC, gland cells.
Figure 22 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 22. Stirpulina ramosa. The organs of the pericardium, as seen from the right side. AU/PG, auricle and pericardial gland; CA, ctenidial axis; GA, gonadial aperture; ID, inner demibranch; IID, inner surface of the inner demibranch; K, kidney; OV, ovary; P, pericardium; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PALID, point of attachment of the ascending lamella of the inner demibranch to the visceral mass; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; R, rectum; REA, renal aperture; RPA, reno-pericardial aperture; T, testis; V, ventricle; VD, vas deferens.
Figure 8 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 8. Stirpulina ramosa. The internal structure of the anterior tube in the region around the left shell valve embedded within it. AA, anterior adductor muscle scar; APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle scar; AVG, anterior (left) valve growth; CL, clasts; IL, internal lip of the adventitious tube; JS, juvenile shell; PA, posterior adductor muscle scar; PE, periostracum; PEM, pallial elevator muscle scar; PL, pallial line; PLE, sutured pleat in tube; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle scar; PS, pallial sinus; PVG, posterior (left) valve growth.
Figure 19. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 19. Stirpulina ramosa. A, the anus as seen from the dorsal aspect. B, the anal opening as seen from the posterior aspect. C, the paired visceral ganglia beneath the anterior end of the anal sheath, as seen from the ventral aspect. AN, anus; ANN, anal nerve; AP, anal papilla; CAN, ctenidial axis nerve; CP-VG, cerebro-pleural – visceral ganglia connective; SN, siphonal nerve; VG, visceral ganglia.
Figure 14 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 14. Stirpulina ramosa. The organs of the mantle cavity as seen from the right side. ES, exhalant siphon; F, foot; IBC, infra-branchial chamber; ID, inner demibranch; IS, inhalant siphon; LAP, labial palp; OD, outer demibranch; PE, periostracum; SBC, suprabranchial chamber; VM, visceral mass.
Figure 15. Stirpulina ramosa. Transverse sections through A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 15. Stirpulina ramosa. Transverse sections through A, the ctenidial axis and B, the junction between the ascending lamella of the outer demibranch with the mantle. ALOD, ascending lamella of the outer demibranch; BBV, branchial blood vessel; BC, blood cells; BN, branchial nerve; CAFG, ctenidial axis food groove; CJ, cuticular junction; ME, mantle epithelium; N, nerve.
Figure 13. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa
Figure 13. Stirpulina ramosa. A transverse section through the pedal gape. IMF, inner mantle fold; LML, left mantle lobe; MMF, middle mantle fold; OMF, outer mantle fold; PE, periostracum; PEG, periostracal groove; PG, pedal gape; PL, pallial line; RML, right mantle lobe; RT, rejection tract.
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