Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 7 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

Fig. 7. Decorosiphon corynothrix Börner, 1939. A. Apt. and juv. in Polytrichum commune sample. B. Apt. on Sphagnum magellanicum (with interpersed Polytrichum strictum). C. Apt. juv. on Polytrichum commune. D. Apt. juv. on S. magellanicum, showing rupture line.

Fig. 4 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

Fig. 4. Dioecious one-year holocycle accompanied by a continuous anholocycle on the secondary host, e.g., Pachypappella lactea (leaf galls on aspen, Populus tremula; roots of spruce, Picea abies) or Tetraneura ulmi (leaf galls on elm, Ulmus; subterraneous parts of grasses, Poaceae). Zones as in Fig. 3. In some years the Finnish populations on the primary hosts (for P. lactea in South Finland) may be more or less absent, and their existence is dependent on the populations on the secondary hosts.

Fig. 5 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

Fig. 5. Dioecious two-year holocycle in Adelgidae, e.g., Adelges laricis (shoot galls on spruce, Picea; needles of larch, Larix). All females oviparous. The fundatrix (hatched from a fertilized egg) overwinters as a larva, and induces the formation of a pineapple-like gall on the primary host. All her offspring are alate (gallicolae) and migrate to the secondary host, where they lay eggs on the needles. The aphids hatching move to the twigs where they hibernate as young larvae (the 'neosistens' stage). In spring they move back to the needles and become adults (sistentes). Their offspring are either alate sexuparae and migrate to spruce, or apterous 'progredientes'. In autumn the sexuparae fly to spruce and lay eggs which become sexual females and males, which mate. The females then lay eggs out of which new fundatrices hatch.

Fig. 3 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

Fig. 3. Dioecious one-year holocycle (Rhopalosiphum padi). The inner zone represents the primary host (bird cherry, Prunus padus and allies), the outer zone the secondary (usually graminoids). The fundatrix gives birth to apterae, which in turn give birth to alatae, most of which migrate to the secondary hosts. In autumn males and gynoparae (viviparae giving birth to oviparae) migrate to the primary host, where mating and egg-laying take place. A small fraction of the viviparae may remain on the primary host

Fig. 2 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

Fig. 2. Monoecious one-year life cycles. In the outer zone an ordinary monoecious holocycle in Aphididae. The fertilized egg overwinters and in spring the first viviparous parhenogenetic generation, the fundatrix (stem-mother) hatches. Upon the fundatrix follows a variable number of viviparous females (viviparae), apterous and/or alate. In autumn (sometimes earlier) sexuparae are born and in turn give birth to oviparous (sexual) females (ovipara) and males, which mate, and the oviparae lay eggs. The inner zone shows an anholocycle, with only parthenogenetic females (viviparous in Aphididae, oviparous in Adelgidae).

Fig. 118 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 118. Cinara (Cupressobium) tujafilina (Del Guercio, 1909) on young growth of Thuja occidentalis, attended by Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758). Photo Carlos Delgado (CC BY SA 3.0, http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, downloaded 12 Nov. 2015 via https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lasius_ niger_y_Cinara_tujafilina_en_Thuja_orientalis.jpg#filelinks).

Fig. 117 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 117. Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Buckton, 1881). Small colony on last year's growth of Thuja occidentalis, attended by Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758).

Fig. 114 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 114. Cinara (Cupressobium) juniperi (De Geer, 1773) on Juniperus communis. A–B. Fundatrix with offspring on previous year's twig, attended by Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761. C–D. Colony on current year's growth, attended by Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758).

Fig. 113 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 113. Cinara (Cupressobium) juniperi (De Geer, 1773). Colonies on young shoots of Juniperus communis, in B attended by Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853.

Fig. 112 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 112. Cinara (Cupressobium) smolandiae Danielsson & Carter, 1993. Colony in Gymnosporangium- induced wound on Juniperus communis, attended by Formica polyctena Förster, 1850.

Fig. 88 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 88. Cinara (Cinara) pini (Linnaeus, 1758) on Pinus sylvestris. A. Colony on previous year's terminal shoot, attended by Camponotus herculeanus (Linnaeus, 1758). B–C. Apterae with young on a 2 year-old twig, attended by Formica polyctena Förster, 1850.

Fig. 87 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 87. Hind tarsus, showing length and form of second segment. A. Cinara (Cinara) nuda Mordvilko, 1895 B. C. pinea (Mordvilko, 1895).

Fig. 85 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 85. Schizolachnus pineti (Fabricius, 1781). Aptera, alata, and eggs (in B) on needles of Pinus sylvestris.

Fig. 101 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 101. Cinara (Cinara) pinea (Mordvilko, 1895). Apterae and juveniles on young shoots of Pinus sylvestris.

Fig. 96 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 96. Cinara (Cinara) nuda Mordvilko, 1895. Colony on trunk of young Pinus sylvestris, attended by Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758).

Fig. 90 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 90. Cinara (Cinara) acutirostris Hille Ris Lambers, 1956. Aptera on Pinus nigra (from Dransfield & Brightwell 2015, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0, downloaded 2 Mar. 2016).

Fig. 83 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 83. Eulachnus rileyi (Williams, 1911) on Pinus mugo. Apterae, juveniles, and one alata (J). Scale bars: 2 mm.

Fig. 84 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 84. Schizolachnus pineti (Fabricius, 1781) on Pinus sylvestris. The black individuals are newly molted, still without wax cover.

Fig. 82 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 82. Eulachnus agilis (Kaltenbach, 1843) on needles of Pinus sylvestris. A–E. Apterae. F–G. Alatae.

Fig. 81 in Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)

Fig. 81. Pineus (Pineus) strobi (Hartig, 1837). A. Alata, head and prothorax (after Carter 1971, modified from Heie 2004). B. Alata, abdomen (after Börner, modified from Heie 2004). C. Aptera, outer intraocular group of wax gland pits (freely after Blackman & Eastop 1994).