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85 results for “Aquatic community”
Fig. 1 in Aquatic invertebrate communities of perennial pans in Mpumalanga, South Africa: a diversity and functional approach
Fig. 1. Location of the various pans included in the study. Pans 1, 2 and 8 are influenced by mining activities, pan 3 by agricultural activities, and pans 4–7 and 9 are located in an area with few anthropogenic activities.
Fig. 3 in Aquatic invertebrate communities of perennial pans in Mpumalanga, South Africa: a diversity and functional approach
Fig. 3. MDS ordination of the community traits of the selected pans with similarities based on agglomerative cluster analysis overlain. Numbers 1–9 represent the different pans, while repeated numbers represent the various sampling occasions.
Infauna shift trait-productivity relationships in submerged aquatic vegetation communities
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Data from: Quality versus quantity: Response of riparian bird communities to aquatic insect emergence in agro-ecosystems
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Terrestrial herbivory drives adaptive evolution in an aquatic community via indirect effects
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Genetic and extracellular enzyme survey of planktonic communities of aquatic habitats in Green Lakes Valley, 2017
Preliminary work done in the soils of Green Lakes Valley (GLV) has shown that the microbial communities are generally carbon and phosphorus limited. While most working examining nutrient limitations in GLV has focused on the terrestrial environment, the aquatic environments lack the same study. Longterm monitoring of the lakes in GLV show that there are shifts in carbon availability (quantity and quality) over course of the Colorado alpine growing season. These shifts have been attributed to changes in the source of DOC as snow packs melt out and flow rates decline in the valley altering the ratio of internal (autochthonous) to external (allochthonous) carbon input to the lakes. We examined the links between the biogeography of planktonic communities and the functional response of those communities to shifting nutrient limitations to test the idea that nutrient limitation and composition of planktonic communities are linked both temporally and spatially in GLV. We determined the composition of GLV’s planktonic communities using amplicon sequencing of the small ribosomal subunit sequences (16S, 18S rDNA) and determined nutrient limitations using extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) assays to examine if communities shifted in conjunction with shifts in EEA. We observed that shifting composition in the planktonic communities of GLV mirrored shifts in nutrient limitation (primarily carbon and phosphorus limitation) over the course of the alpine growing season. Alpine and sub-alpine lakes showed opposite trends in the EEA of carbon acquisition enzymes while all lakes showed high activity for phosphorus acquisition enzymes. The planktonic communities were consistently phosphorus limited throughout the study, but carbon limitation was relieved in the alpine lakes as the season progressed while sub-alpine lakes became more carbon limited. The most likely mechanism behind the observed shifts in carbon limitation are the previously studied shifts where DOC is sourced in the va
Genetic survey of bacterioplankton communities of aquatic habitats in Green Lakes Valley, 2014 - 2017
Previous work has shown high-elevation ecosystems are especially susceptible to the effects of climate change, but little work has been done on microbial communities in high-elevation aquatic systems. Therefore, my research aimed to improve our understanding of the composition, stability, and factors controlling microbial communities in high-elevation lakes in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. I studied seasonal and inter-annual variations in bacterial (16S rDNA) and eukaryotic (18S rDNA) microbial communities at multiple locations (inlet, outlet, three depths in the water column) within alpine lakes over four years (2014-2017). Communities significantly differed between lake inlets and the lakes as a whole across sampling dates. The most significant variable controlling 16S and 18S community composition was lake discharge rate, indicating that water residence times play a strong role in structuring communities.
Genetic survey of eukaryotic plankton communities of aquatic habitats in Green Lakes Valley, 2014 - 2017
Previous work has shown high-elevation ecosystems are especially susceptible to the effects of climate change, but little work has been done on microbial communities in high-elevation aquatic systems. Therefore, my research aimed to improve our understanding of the composition, stability, and factors controlling microbial communities in high-elevation lakes in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. I studied seasonal and inter-annual variations in bacterial (16S rDNA) and eukaryotic (18S rDNA) microbial communities at multiple locations (inlet, outlet, three depths in the water column) within alpine lakes over four years (2014-2017). Communities significantly differed between lake inlets and the lakes as a whole across sampling dates. The most significant variable controlling 16S and 18S community composition was lake discharge rate, indicating that water residence times play a strong role in structuring communities.
Data from: Body size variation in aquatic consumers causes pervasive community effects, independent of mean body size
Intraspecific phenotypic variation is a significant component of biodiversity. Body size, for example, is variable and critical for structuring communities. We need to understand how homogenous and variably-sized populations differ in their ecological responses or effects if we are to have a robust understanding of communities. We manipulated body size variation in consumer (tadpole) populations in mesocosms (both with and without predators), keeping mean size and density of these consumers constant. Size-variable consumer populations exhibited stronger antipredator responses (reduced activity), which had a cascading effect of increasing the biomass of the consumer's resources. Predators foraged less when consumers were variable in size, and this may have mediated the differential effects of predators on the community composition of alternative prey (zooplankton). All trophic levels responded to differences in consumer size variation, demonstrating that intrapopulation phenotypic variability can significantly alter interspecific ecological interactions. Furthermore, we identify a key mechanism (size thresholds for predation risk) that may mediate impacts of size variation in natural communities. Together, our results suggest that phenotypic variability plays a significant role in structuring ecological communities.
Something in the water: Aquatic microbial communities influence the larval amphibian gut microbiota, neurodevelopment, and behavior
<p>Microorganisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract of animals and establish symbiotic host-associated microbial communities that influence vertebrate physiology. More specifically, these gut microbial communities influence neurodevelopment through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. We tested the hypothesis that larval amphibian neurodevelopment is affected by the aquatic microbial community present in their housing water. Newly hatched Northern Leopard Frog (<em>Lithobates pipiens</em>) tadpoles were raised in pond water that was unmanipulated (natural) or autoclaved. Tadpoles raised in autoclaved pond water had a gut microbiota with reduced bacterial diversity and altered community composition, had decreased behavioral responses to sensory stimuli, were larger in overall body mass, had relatively heavier brains, and had altered brain shape when compared with tadpoles raised in natural pond water. Further, the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota was associated with tadpole behavioral responses and brain measurements. Our results suggest that aquatic microbial communities shape tadpole behavior and brain development, providing strong support for the occurrence of the MGB axis in amphibians. Lastly, the dramatic role played by aquatic microbial communities on vertebrate neurodevelopment and behavior should be considered in future wildlife conservation efforts.</p>
Eco-evolutionary contributions to community trait change in floating aquatic plants
<p>An entire community of organisms may become modified when its environment changes. These modifications can happen through physiological process (plasticity), evolutionary processes (adaptation) or shifts in species composition (sorting). The outcome of these three sources of change constitutes the community's phenotypic response, but how they combine to drive community trait dynamics is not currently well understood. We have conducted a community selection experiment in which communities of short-lived floating aquatic plants were grown in a range of stressful conditions, and measured changes in their body size. Determinants of phenotypic change were assessed with a full community reciprocal transplant which led to estimates of the contributions of plasticity, adaptation, and sorting. Species were modified during the experiment by both plasticity and adaptation, but in either case the magnitude and direction of change differed among species. Sorting and adaptation were of equal magnitude, but tended to act in opposite directions: in conditions where species with large fronds prevailed, each species evolved smaller fronds, and vice versa. We conclude that community trait dynamics cannot be understood simply by extrapolating the adaptive response of any single species to the whole community.</p>
Effects of warming on structure of aquatic communities in tropical bromeliad microecosystems
<p><span>Freshwaters are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate warming, with projected temperature increases over the coming decades leading to significant losses of aquatic biodiversity. Experimental studies that directly warm entire natural ecosystems in the tropics are needed, </span><span>for understanding the disturbances in aquatic communities.</span><span> Therefore, we conducted an experiment to test the impacts of predicted future warming on density, alpha diversity, and beta diversity of freshwater </span><span>aquatic communities, inhabiting natural microecosystems – Neotropical tank bromeliads. Aquatic communities within the tank bromeliads were experimentally exposed to warming, temperatures ranging from 23.58 to 31.72°C. Linear regression analysis was used to test the impacts of </span><span>warming</span><span>. Next, distance-based redundancy analysis was performed to assess how warming might alter total beta diversity and its components.</span><span> This experiment was conducted across a gradient of habitat size (bromeliad water volume) and availability of detrital basal resources. A combination of the highest detritus biomass and higher experimental temperatures resulted in the greatest density of flagellates. However, the density of flagellates declined in bromeliads with higher water volume and lower detritus biomass. Moreover, the combination of the highest water volume and high temperature reduced density of copepods. </span><span>Finally, warming changed microfauna species composition, mostly through species substitution (βrepl component of total beta-diversity). These findings indicate that warming strongly structures freshwater communities by reducing or increasing densities of different aquatic community groups. It also enhances beta-diversity, and many of these effects are modulated by habitat size or detrital resources. </span></p>
Stronger effect of individual species' traits than shading on aquatic plant community productivity and interspecific competition
<p>Competition is one of the major factors structuring plant communities. Species with similar traits generally compete more intensely and have more similar yield than functionally dissimilar species, which often respond differently to environmental change. Little is known about how the interacting species' traits influence the effect of environmental change on interspecific competition. However, theory predicts that environmental change should lead to more asymmetric competition, by favouring the species best adapted to the particular environmental change. Here we used a mesocosm experiment with three common aquatic plant species from the Baltic Sea (Northern Europe), to test how community productivity and competition asymmetry were affected by functional dissimilarity, individual species' traits, and a common stressor: shading. Competition asymmetry was defined as the absolute difference in reductions in yield relative to monocultures of two interacting species. Community productivity decreased and competition asymmetry increased with functional dissimilarity of the interacting species, possibly explained by the traits of the superior species, which had higher specific leaf area, maximum canopy height, and primary production rate than the subordinate species. Community productivity was not affected by shading, contrary to our expectation, while competition asymmetry was higher in shaded than ambient conditions. Individual species yield depended on species identity and species combination. Only the shortest species was negatively affected by shading. Thus, by favouring tall-growing species, shading can alter interspecific competition. Together, these findings suggest that non-random species loss following environmental change can be caused by competitive exclusion, in addition to a direct effect of abiotic filtering.</p>
Spatial insurance against a heatwave differs between trophic levels in experimental aquatic communities
<p><span>Climate change-related heatwaves are major threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing community resistance to and recovery</span><span> from extreme temperature events is still rudimentary. The spatial insurance hypothesis postulates that diverse regional species pools can buffer ecosystem functioning against local disturbances through the immigration of better-adapted taxa. Yet, experimental evidence for such predictions from multi-trophic communities and pulse-type disturbances, like heatwaves, is largely missing. We performed an experimental mesocosm study to test whether species dispersal from natural lakes prior to a simulated heatwave could increase the resistance and recovery of plankton communities. As the buffering effect of dispersal may differ among trophic groups, we independently manipulated the dispersal of organisms from lower (phytoplankton) and higher (zooplankton) trophic levels. The experimental heatwave suppressed total community biomass by having a strong negative effect on zooplankton biomass, probably due to a heat-induced increase in metabolic costs, resulting in weaker top-down control on phytoplankton. While zooplankton dispersal did not alleviate the negative heatwave effects on zooplankton biomass, phytoplankton dispersal enhanced biomass recovery at the level of primary producers, providing partial evidence for spatial insurance</span><span>. The differential responses to dispersal may be linked to the much larger regional species pool of phytoplankton than of zooplankton.</span> <span>Our results suggest high recovery capacity of community biomass independent of dispersal. However, community composition and trophic structure remained altered due to the heatwave, implying longer-lasting changes in ecosystem functioning.</span></p>
Experimental disturbance and productivity gradients drive community diversity in aquatic mesocosms
<p>Combined effects of disturbance and productivity on ecological diversity have been considered for decades as the dynamic equilibrium model (DEM) but are rarely tested together. Instead, most studies focus on either the intermediate disturbance hypothesis or sometimes the intermediate productivity hypothesis. In addition, most analyses of disturbance and productivity effects have relied on nonexperimental patterns, limited sample sizes, inaccurate proxies for productivity, and/or simple measures of diversity. The DEM operates at regional and local scales; here, we conducted a year‐long experiment at local scales using submersed aquatic vegetation in outdoor mesocosms with a factorial combination of physical disturbance and productivity treatments. We evaluated diversity in several ways, directly measured productivity, and compared alternative hypotheses using model selection. The DEM was supported for effective diversity; both productivity and disturbance effects were clear, though productivity effects were stronger. Other diversity measures for the simple communities in the mesocosms did not clearly reflect treatments. The DEM is a valuable general framework for understanding disturbance and productivity effects on ecological systems and is made more general by minor conceptual adjustments here.</p>
Spatial insurance against a heatwave differs between trophic levels in experimental aquatic communities
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Data from: Body size variation in aquatic consumers causes pervasive community effects, independent of mean body size
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Data from: Fungal endophyte‐infected leaf litter alters in‐stream microbial communities and negatively influences aquatic fungal sporulation
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Eco-evolutionary contributions to community trait change in floating aquatic plants
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Networks in aquatic communities collapse upon neonicotinoid-induced stress
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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