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139 results for “Arousal.”
Temperature shifts associated with bat arousals during hibernation inhibit the growth of Pseudogymnoascus destructans
<p>Temperature is a critically important factor in many infectious disease systems because it can regulate responses in both the host and the pathogen. White-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats is a severe infectious disease caused by the temperature-sensitive fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). One feature of WNS is an increase in the frequency of arousal bouts (i.e., when bat body temperatures are elevated) in Pd-infected bats during hibernation. While several studies have proposed that increased frequency of arousals may play a role in the pathophysiology of WNS, it is unknown if the temperature fluctuations might mediate Pd growth. We hypothesized that exposure to a high frequency of elevated temperatures would reduce Pd growth due to thermal constraints on the pathogen. We simulated the thermal conditions for arousal bouts of uninfected and infected bats during hibernation (fluctuating from 8 - 25 °C at two different rates) and quantified Pd growth in vitro. We found that increased exposure to high temperatures significantly reduced Pd growth. Because temperature is one of the most critical abiotic factors mediating host-pathogen interactions, resolving how Pd responds to fluctuating temperatures will provide insights for understanding WNS in bats and other fungal diseases.</p>
Pupil size reflects activation of subcortical ascending arousal system nuclei during rest
<p>Neuromodulatory nuclei that are part of the ascending arousal system (AAS) play a crucial role in regulating cortical state and optimizing task performance. Pupil diameter, under constant luminance conditions, is increasingly used as an index of activity of these AAS nuclei. Indeed, task-based functional imaging studies in humans have begun to provide evidence of stimulus-driven pupil-AAS coupling. However, whether there is such a tight pupil-AAS coupling during rest is not clear. To address this question, we examined simultaneously acquired resting-state fMRI and pupil-size data from 74 participants, focusing on six AAS nuclei: the locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and cholinergic basal forebrain. Activation in all six AAS nuclei was optimally correlated with pupil size at 0- to 2-second lags, suggesting that spontaneous pupil changes were almost immediately followed by corresponding BOLD-signal changes in the AAS. These results suggest that spontaneous changes in pupil size that occur during states of rest can be used as a noninvasive general index of activity in AAS nuclei. Importantly, the nature of pupil-AAS coupling during rest appears to be vastly different from the relatively slow canonical hemodynamic response function that has been used to characterize task-related pupil-AAS coupling.</p>
Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal
<p><span>Controlled Breathwork practices have emerged as potential tools for stress management and well-being. Here we report a remote, randomized, controlled study (NCT05304000) of three different daily five-minute Breathwork exercises in comparison to an equivalent period of Mindfulness Meditation, over one month. The breathing conditions are 1) Cyclic Sighing, which emphasizes prolonged exhalations, 2) Box Breathing, which is equal duration of inhalations, breath retentions and exhalations, and 3) Cyclic Hyperventilation with Retention, with longer inhalations and shorter exhalations. The primary endpoints are improvement in mood and anxiety as well as reduced physiological arousal (respiratory rate, heart rate, and heart rate variability). Using a mixed-effects model, we show that Breathwork, especially the exhale-focused Cyclic Sighing produces greater improvement in mood (p < 0.05) and reduction in respiratory rate (p < 0.05) compared to Mindfulness Meditation. Daily 5-minute Cyclic Sighing has promise as an effective stress management exercise. </span></p>
Sensory neurons couple arousal and foraging decisions in C. elegans
<p>Foraging animals optimize feeding decisions by adjusting both common and rare behavioral patterns. Here, we characterize the relationship between an animal's arousal state and a rare decision to leave a patch of bacterial food. Using long-term tracking and behavioral state classification, we find that food leaving decisions in <em>C. elegans</em> are coupled to arousal states across multiple timescales. Leaving emerges probabilistically over minutes from the high arousal roaming state, but is suppressed during the low arousal dwelling state. Immediately before leaving, animals have a brief acceleration in speed that appears as a characteristic signature of this behavioral motif. Neuromodulatory mutants and optogenetic manipulations that increase roaming have a coupled increase in leaving rates, and similarly acute manipulations that inhibit feeding induce both roaming and leaving. By contrast, inactivating a set of chemosensory neurons that depend on the cGMP-gated transduction channel TAX-4 uncouples roaming and leaving dynamics. In addition, <em>tax-4-</em>expressing sensory neurons promote lawn-leaving behaviors that are elicited by feeding inhibition. Our results indicate that sensory neurons responsive to both internal and external cues play an integrative role in arousal and foraging decisions.</p>
Assess the Effect of Zolpidem, Silenor & Placebo on Arousability, Ataxia/Balance & Cognition in Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02353299. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
The Impact of Arousal Threshold in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02264353. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effects of Arousal and Stress in Anxiety
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00026559. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 14.
Iloperidone for Symptoms of Arousal in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01917318. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Effects of Eszopiclone and Lemborexant in People With OSA With a Low Arousal Threshold Who Have Difficulty Sleeping
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06928766. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 29.
Describing the Effect of Familiar Song on Arousal and Awareness for Children With Disorders of Consciousness (DoC)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07209657. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Hyper-Arousal in Chronic Primary Insomnia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02048878. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Sensory Motor Arousal Regulation Treatment (SMART) Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06035809. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
The Effect of Eszopiclone on the Arousal Threshold in Sleep Apnea Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01102270. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01382719. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.
Data from: Effects of arousal and movement on secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus
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Sensory neurons couple arousal and foraging decisions in C. elegans
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Pupil size reflects activation of subcortical ascending arousal system nuclei during rest
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Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal
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Hibernating female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) adjust huddling and drinking behaviour, but not arousal frequency, in response to low humidity
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Temperature shifts associated with bat arousals during hibernation inhibit the growth of Pseudogymnoascus destructans
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.