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FIGURE 11. Aloe khamiesensis subsp. khamiesensis. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 11. Aloe khamiesensis subsp. khamiesensis. A. Known distribution (red shading). B. Tall plant with unbranched stem. C. Rosette of dull green leaves with a few white spots. D. Plant with branched stem and numerous rosettes. E. Raceme with orange-red, greenish yellow-tipped flowers. Photographs: B, C, E. Marinda Koekemoer (Concordia, Northern Cape, South Africa, July 2013); D. Arrie W. Klopper (Kamieskroon, Northern Cape, South Africa, August 2007).

FIGURE 12. Aloe khamiesensis subsp. hantamensis. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 12. Aloe khamiesensis subsp. hantamensis. A. Known distribution (red shading). B. Shortly caulescent plant with greenish yellow leaves, as well as bicoloured inflorescences (with red buds and yellow open flowers) and developing fruit. C. Rosette of young plant with green leaves and numerous white spots. Photographs: Arrie W. Klopper (Hantam region, Northern Cape, South Africa, July 2010)

FIGURE 10. Aloe gariepensis. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 10. Aloe gariepensis. A. Known distribution (red shading). B. Small, single, acaulescent rosette with short, uniform yellow inflorescences. C. Rosette of reddish brown, clearly lineate leaves with no white spots. D. Big, caulescent rosette with tall, bicoloured inflorescences. E. Yellow buds and flowers on a unicoloured raceme. F. Red buds and yellow open flowers on a bicoloured raceme. Photographs: Arrie W. Klopper (B, C. Grootderm, near Orange River, Northern Cape, South Africa; D–F. Warmbad, Namibia; July 2010).

FIGURE 7. Aloe framesii subsp. framesii. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 7. Aloe framesii subsp. framesii. A. Known distribution (red shading). B. Very large group of clustered rosettes with decumbent to erect stems. C. Rosette of bluish-green, red-tinged leaves with very few white spots. D. Raceme with orange-red, greenish-tipped flowers. Photographs: Arrie W. Klopper (Port Nolloth, Northern Cape, South Africa, July 2010).

FIGURE 8. Aloe framesii subsp. amoena. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 8. Aloe framesii subsp. amoena. A. Known distribution (red shading). B. Single rosette with 3-branched inflorescence. C. Rosette of grey-green leaves with obscure striations and sparse white spots on both surfaces. D. Rosette of intense red leaves during very dry conditions. E. Raceme with red, greenish yellow-tipped flowers. Photographs: B, C, E. Neil R. Crouch (Clanwilliam, Western Cape, South Africa, July 2015); D. Arrie W. Klopper (Agter Pakhuis, Cederberg, Western Cape, South Africa, December 2012).

FIGURE 9. Aloe framesii subsp. maraisii. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 9. Aloe framesii subsp. maraisii. A. Known distribution (red shading). B. Dense group of rosettes with simple or 2-branched inflorescences. C. Rosette of bluish green leaves with very few white spots. D. Rosette of more greenish leaves with several spots. E. Raceme with orange-red, greenish yellow-tipped flowers. Photographs: Arrie W. Klopper (B, C, E. St Helena Bay, Western Cape, South Africa; D. Elands Bay, Western Cape, South Africa; July 2010).

FIGURE 6 in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 6. Morphological features mapped on the best-scoring maximum likelihood tree for ITS and matK combined. New classification: Eastern Cape, Karoo, and unnamed populations of A. microstigma = A. microstigma subsp. microstigma; Namibia and Bushmanland populations of A. microstigma = A. microstigma subsp. juttae; Northwestern populations of A. khamiesensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. khamiesensis; Hantam populations of A. khamiesensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. hantamensis; A. knersvlakensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. knersvlakensis; Northwestern and unnamed populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. framesii; Southwest coast populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. maraisii.

FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 4. Combined matK and ITS tree. Bootstrap Percentage is shown for well supported nodes. Specimens with only one of the gene sequences are not included in this tree. Taxa in grey represent species that are not members of A. sect. Purpurascentes. New classification: Eastern Cape, Karoo, and unnamed populations of A. microstigma = A. microstigma subsp. microstigma; Namibia and Bushmanland populations of A. microstigma = A. microstigma subsp. juttae; Northwestern populations of A. khamiesensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. khamiesensis; Hantam populations of A. khamiesensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. hantamensis; A. knersvlakensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. knersvlakensis; Northwestern and unnamed populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. framesii; Southwest coast populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. maraisii.

FIGURE 1 in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 1. Known distribution of the members of A. sect. Purpurascentes (green—A. framesii; yellow—A. gariepensis; orange—A. khamiesensis; blue—A. microstigma; red in white circle—A. succotrina).

FIGURE 2. Ordination plots. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 2. Ordination plots. A. All members of A. sect. Purpurascentes and two putative members of the section (green—A. framesii; yellow—A. gariepensis; orange—A. khamiesensis; purple—A. knersvlakensis; blue—A. microstigma; red—A. succotrina; black— A. chlorantha; brown—A. pictifolia). B. Aloe succotrina (circles—mainland populations; triangles—peninsula populations). C. Aloe gariepensis (circles—eastern populations; triangles—western populations; framed triangles—populations next to the Orange River). New classification: Aloe knersvlakensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. knersvlakensis.

FIGURE 5 in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 5. Minimum spanning network for members of A. sect. Purpurascentes. Allele numbers for specimens are indicated on the map at the collecting locality. Number of nucleotide differences between the alleles are shown adjacent to the connection lines. If the minimum number of possible mutations to obtain these differences are less than the number of nucleotide differences, then the number of mutational steps are indicated in brackets. New classification: Aloe knersvlakensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. knersvlakensis.

FIGURE 3. Ordination plots. A in A taxonomic revision of Aloe sect. Purpurascentes (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

FIGURE 3. Ordination plots. A. Aloe framesii (green), A. khamiesensis (orange), A. knersvlakensis (purple) and A. microstigma (blue). B. Aloe microstigma (circles—southern populations; triangles—Namibian populations; open circles—yellow-flowering populations). C. Aloe khamiesensis (orange circles—Namaqualand populations; framed orange triangles—Hantam populations) and A. knersvlakensis (purple circles). D. Aloe framesii (circles—northern populations; framed diamonds—southern populations; framed triangles—eastern populations). New classification: Southern populations of A. microstigma = A. microstigma subsp. microstigma; Namibia populations of A. microstigma = A. microstigma subsp. juttae; Namaqualand populations of A. khamiesensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. khamiesensis; Hantam populations of A. khamiesensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. hantamensis; A. knersvlakensis = A. khamiesensis subsp. knersvlakensis; Northern populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. framesii; Southern populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. maraisii; Eastern populations of A. framesii = A. framesii subsp. amoena.

FIGURE 1 in Atlas of leaf surface micromorphology in Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) from the Horn of Africa region

FIGURE 1. Leaf surfaces of Aloe taxa from the Horn of Africa presenting no infraspecific variation in the data from this study. For subspecies listed here, no variation within this infraspecific delineation was detected. Two images per taxon at magnifications with 100 µm and 20 µm scale bars, respectively, are given. When the stoma shown at the higher magnification is located in the lower magnification image, a black line connects the two for ease of comparison. Longitudinal axes of the leaves are oriented ± vertically. a. A. ankoberensis. b. A. calidophila. c. A. camperi. d. A. gilbertii subsp. gilbertii. e. A. gilbertii subsp. megalacanthoides. f. A. harlana. g. A. kefaensis. h. A. macrocarpa. i. A. mcloughlinii. j. A. megalacantha subsp. alticola.

FIGURE 2 in Atlas of leaf surface micromorphology in Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) from the Horn of Africa region

FIGURE 2. Leaf surfaces of Aloe taxa from the Horn of Africa that exhibit infraspecific variation in the data in this study. Two images per taxon at magnifications with 100 µm and 20 µm scale bars, respectively, are given. Longitudinal axes of the leaves are oriented + vertically. a. A. debrana. b. A. elegans. c. A. jucunda. d. A. pirottae. e. A. pubescens. f. A. secundiflora subsp. secundiflora. The different images for A. debrana, A. pirottae, and A. pubescens (b, d & e) exemplify how cuticular waxes can be lost during preparation for SEM, and how specimens with and without waxes differ in the characters they reveal.

FIGURE 3 in Atlas of leaf surface micromorphology in Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) from the Horn of Africa region

FIGURE 3. Intraspecific variation in A. lateritia and A. wollastonii. Each letter represents a different individual, and the individuals in blue boxes are most similar to previously published data for the species (Grace et al. 2009). Images were taken at a magnification of 300× or 1000× for the images of stomata. Individuals are arranged to illustrate expression as spectra of variation within the morpho-types observed. Differences in wax preservation can also be observed in both species. In A. lateritia, morpho-type I is represented by 4/7 of the individuals in our data and Morpho-type II by 3/7 individuals. Morpho-type I is primarily categorized based on the presence of singular central papillae of the periclinal walls. Specimen a exhibits the mildest expression, b, c, and d are individuals that can be considered intermediate in their expression, and e is the individual that most strongly expresses this character. Within this morpho-type anticlinal walls present as single-raised ridges. The singular central papillae of the periclinal walls of Morpho-type I are not seen in Morpho-type II, which also differs in that the anticlinal walls present as single and/or double-raised ridges. The variation included here clarifies that considering a wide circumscription for the species A. lateritia.

FIGURE 1 continued. k. A. megalacantha subsp. megalacantha. l. A. pulcherrima. m. A. rivae. n. A. rugosifolia. o. A. schoelleri. p. A. sinana. q. A. steudneri. r. A. tewoldei. s. A. trichosantha subsp. trichosantha. t. A in Atlas of leaf surface micromorphology in Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) from the Horn of Africa region

FIGURE 1 continued. k. A. megalacantha subsp. megalacantha. l. A. pulcherrima. m. A. rivae. n. A. rugosifolia. o. A. schoelleri. p. A. sinana. q. A. steudneri. r. A. tewoldei. s. A. trichosantha subsp. trichosantha. t. A. trichosantha subsp. longiflora.

FIGURE 1 in Aloe davyana var. magdae (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a distinctive new variety from central-northeastern South Africa

FIGURE 1. Two clumps of Aloe davyana var. magdae growing on a grassy slope near the type locality in the northern Free State province, South Africa. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Aloe davyana var. magdae (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a distinctive new variety from central-northeastern South Africa

FIGURE 2. Close-up of the very densely rosulate leaves of Aloe davyana var. magdae. The leaves are mid-green, usually purplishinfused, and smooth textured. Adaxially the leaves are white-spotted in interrupted, wavy transverse bands. Abaxially the leaves are pale milky green, green-dotted, and longitudinally darker green-lined. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4 in Aloe davyana var. magdae (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a distinctive new variety from central-northeastern South Africa

FIGURE 4. The flowers of Aloe davyana var. magdae are bright orange-red, as in this form, to bright red, and alternately whitish and darker striped in the apical half. The subglobose bulbous base is slightly smaller than in A. davyana var. davyana and A. davyana var. subolifera. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in Aloe davyana var. magdae (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a distinctive new variety from central-northeastern South Africa

FIGURE 3. Inflorescences of Aloe davyana var. magdae are more or less cylindrical, somewhat tapering upwards, and equally densely flowered throughout. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.