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Figs 17–23. Mastogloia belaensis M in Morphology of two Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyta) from Lac de Guiers (Senegal) and comparison with the type material of M. braunii

Figs 17–23. Mastogloia belaensis M.Voigt. Light micrographs (LM) of valves from the Lac de Guiers population (Van de Vijver sample SEN-42). LM views of several specimens showing variation in valve size and shape. Scale bar: 10 μm.

Figs 12–16 in Morphology of two Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyta) from Lac de Guiers (Senegal) and comparison with the type material of M. braunii

Figs 12–16. Mastogloia braunii Grunow. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of valves from the type population (Grunow 23583 – capsule 0645, Vienna, Austria). 12. SEM internal view of an entire valve with the partectal ring and series of partectal pores. 13. SEM internal detail of the partecta with the flange connecting the partecta with the valve margins. 14. SEM internal detail of the partecta showing the partectal walls with 2–4 series of small, rounded pores. 15–16. SEM internal details of the partectal ring near the valve apices showing the cleft with the lacunae. Scale bars: 12 = 1 µm; 13–16 = 10 µm.

Figs 60–65 in Morphology of two Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyta) from Lac de Guiers (Senegal) and comparison with the type material of M. braunii

Figs 60–65. Mastogloia senegalensis Van de Vijver, Fofana, Sow & Ector sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of valves from the Lac de Guiers type population (Van de Vijver sample SEN-42). 60. SEM internal view of an entire valve with the partectal ring. 61–62. SEM internal details of the partectal ring near the valve apices showing the cleft on each apex. 63. SEM internal detail of the central area and part of the partectal ring. 64. SEM internal detail of the partecta showing the partectal walls with 2–4 series of small, rounded pores loosely aggregated in distinct plaques. 65. SEM internal view of a valve apex without the partectal ring (note the small pseudoseptum). Scale bars: 60–63, 65 = 10 µm; 64 = 1 µm.

Figs 33–38. Mastogloia belaensis M in Morphology of two Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyta) from Lac de Guiers (Senegal) and comparison with the type material of M. braunii

Figs 33–38. Mastogloia belaensis M.Voigt. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of valves from the Lac de Guiers population (Van de Vijver sample SEN-42). 33. SEM girdle view of an entire frustule showing the partectal pores and the mantle areolae. 34. SEM external view of an entire valve with typical undulating raphe branches. 35. SEM external detail of the central area. 36. SEM external detail of the valve apex. 37. SEM external detail of the apices and girdle bands of an entire frustule. 38. SEM external detail of the valve mantle with the transapically elongated mantle areolae and the row of rounded pseudoloculi on the valve face/mantle junction. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figs 86–109 in Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region

Figs 86–109. Psammothidium superpapilio Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 86–95. LM views of rapheless valves. 96–105. LM views of raphe valves. 106. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 107. SEM internal view of an entire raphe valve. 108. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 109. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

Figs 58–85 in Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region

Figs 58–85. Psammothidium confusoneglectum Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 58–70. LM views of raphe valves. 71–82. LM views of rapheless valves. 83. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 84. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 85. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

Figs 1–13 in Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region

Figs 1–13. Achnanthes kohleriana Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light micrographs of the type population from Deception Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). 1–16. LM views of raphe valves. 7–12. LM views of rapheless valves. 13. LM view of a girdle view. Scale bar represents 10 µm.

Figs 25–57 in Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region

Figs 25–57. Planothidium wetzelectorianum Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population in Monolith Lake (James Ross Island). 25. LM view of a girdle view. 26–38. LM views of raphe valves. 39–52. LM views of rapheless valves. 53. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 54. SEM external detail of the areolae. 55. SEM internal view of the raphe and the striae. Note the hymenes on the areolae. 56. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 57. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm for Figs 25–52, 1 µm for Figs 53–57.

Figs 20–24 in Four new monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthaceae) from the Maritime Antarctic Region

Figs 20–24. Achnanthes kohleriana Kopalová, Zidarova & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of the type population from Deception Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). 20. SEM girdle view of an entire frustule. 21. SEM external view of a raphe valve. 22. SEM external detail of the areolae with the typical cribrate structure. 23. SEM external detail of the apex with the typical terminal orbiculus. 24. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Arrows show the rapheless sternum. Scale bars represent 10 µm for Figs 20, 21 & 24, 1 µm for Fig. 22 and 5 µm for Fig. 23.

Figs 39–44. Cocconeis diaphana W in Cocconeis molesta Kütz., C. diaphana W.Sm. and C. dirupta W.Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies

Figs 39–44. Cocconeis diaphana W.Sm. isolectotype SEM illustration. Mica labelled as "Cocconeis diaphana n.sp., Jersey, Aug. 14. 1852", deposited in the Van Heurck collection in Meise (BR). SV external view with a reduced central area (39, arrow) and striae composed of transversally elongated alveoli (39). SV internal view (40). Note the SV valvocopula (SVVC) with a smooth edge (40, arrowhead). Detail of the SV apex (41). Detail of a broken SV showing the double layered structure of the alveoli (42). RV external view with the central oblong-elongate central area reaching less than ¼ of the valve width (43, arrow). RV internal view with a low and straight helictoglossa (44, arrow) and the RV valvocopula (RVVC) with a smooth edge (44, arrowhead). Scale bars = 10 µm (39, 40, 43–44), 2 µm (41), 1 µm (42).

Figs 9–14 in Cocconeis molesta Kütz., C. diaphana W.Sm. and C. dirupta W.Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies

Figs 9–14. Illustration of the type slides. 9. Cocconeis molesta Kütz.: F.T. Kützing collection, no. 259, BM 18381. 10. Cocconeis molesta: H.F. Van Heurck collection, no. IX-43-A13. 11. Cocconeis diaphana W.Sm.: W. Smith collection, "Jersey, Pontac" August 1852, BM 23161. 12. Cocconeis diaphana: F.C.S. Roper collection, "Sidmouth", no. 1212, BM 19589. 13. Cocconeis diaphana: H.F. Van Heurck collection, "Sidmouth", no. VI 45B10. 14. Cocconeis dirupta W.Greg.: R.K. Greville collection, Arran 56, BM 1420.

Figs 35–38. Cocconeis dirupta W in Cocconeis molesta Kütz., C. diaphana W.Sm. and C. dirupta W.Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies

Figs 35–38. Cocconeis dirupta W.Greg. from BM 1420. 37. Lectotype illustration. SV sternum lanceolate with apices slightly bent in opposite directions (36), one SV stria lacking on one side (35, 36, arrow), RV striae strongly radiate, RV fascia narrow and extended (38, arrows), helictoglossae deflected in opposite directions (37, arrowheads) and raphe slightly sigmoid (37). Scale bars = 10 µm.

Figs 27–34. Cocconeis diaphana W in Cocconeis molesta Kütz., C. diaphana W.Sm. and C. dirupta W.Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies

Figs 27–34. Cocconeis diaphana W.Sm. "Sidmouth" (var. β). 27–32. From VI-45-B10 (H.F. Van Heurck collection). One SV stria lacking on one side, or both sides (27, arrow, 28–29), RV fascia narrow and extended (30, arrowheads), raphe slightly sigmoid (31, arrowhead), proximal raphe endings robust (30–32). 33–34. From BM 19589, SV sternum in two lanceolate parts (33, arrowhead), helictoglossae deflected in opposite directions (34, arrowheads). Scale bars = 10 µm.

Figs 1–8. Original drawings. 1 in Cocconeis molesta Kütz., C. diaphana W.Sm. and C. dirupta W.Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies

Figs 1–8. Original drawings. 1. Cocconeis molesta Kütz. (Kützing 1844, pl. 5, fig. 7). 2–3. Cocconeis diaphana W.Sm. (Smith 1853, pl. 30): 2. var. β. 3. type C. diaphana var. diaphana. 4. Cocconeis dirupta W.Greg. (Gregory 1857, pl. 9). 5–8. Cocconeis molesta var. crucifera Grunow ex Cleve (Van Heurck 1880–1885, pl. 30): 5–6. f. minor. 7–8. f. major.

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Fig. 3 in Tertiarius minutulus sp. nov. (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) - a new fossil diatom species from Lake Ohrid

Fig. 3. Tertiarius minutulus sp. nov., SEM internal valve views. A. View of the whole frustule and the marginal fultoportulae surrounded by two satellite pores, cowlings absent (see white arrow). B. Close view of marginal areolae with circumferential silica trabeculae and central areolae occluded by domed cribra (see white arrow). C. View of the whole frustule. D. Close view of rimoportula (see white arrow) located on costa at junction between valve face / mantle. E. Internal valve view showing the central fultoportulae with short central tube surrounded with 2–3 satellite pores (see white arrows). F. Valve view. Scale bars: A, C, E–F = 2.0 µm; B, D = 1.0 µm.

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Fig. 1 in Tertiarius minutulus sp. nov. (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) - a new fossil diatom species from Lake Ohrid

Fig. 1. Tertiarius minutulus sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Ohrid, North Macedonia. The asterisk indicates the holotype. Scale bar = 10 µm.

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Fig. 2 in Tertiarius minutulus sp. nov. (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) - a new fossil diatom species from Lake Ohrid

Fig. 2. Tertiarius minutulus sp. nov., SEM external valve views. A. Valve view showing the marginal openings of the fultoportulae (see white arrow). B–D. View of the whole frustule. E. Close view of marginal openings of the fultoportula (see white arrow). F. Close view of the external openings of the valve face fultoportulae (see white arrows). Scale bars: A–D = 2.0 µm; E–F = 1.0 µm.

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Figs 44–66 in Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species

Figs 44–66. Ferocia houkiana Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. LM and SEM. Campbell Island holotype population, sample BAS284 (BR-4578). LM. 44–49. Several frustules in girdle view, often connected to each other. 50–51. Internal valves. 52–62. Several valves in valve face view clearly showing the central ring of spines. SEM. 63. Frustule in girdle view with the narrow copulae. 64. Frustule in girdle view with the narrow copulae on one side and one the side showing the broad mantle with one indicated rimoportula. 65. External view of a valve face and the girdle. Note the central ring of partly hollow spines. 66. External view of two valves connected via their linking spines. The arrow indicates the Müller step. Scale bars = 10 μm.

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Figs 20–27 in Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species

Figs 20–27. Angusticopula chilensis (Grunow) Houk et al. SEM. Campbell Island epitype population, sample BAS286. 20–22. SEM view of several valves in girdle view showing the ligulate, open, narrow girdle bands. The arrows indicate the ligulae in Fig. 20, the rimmed mantle edge in Fig. 21 and the fimbriate pars interior of the copulae in Fig. 22. 23. External view of a valve face. 24. External detail of the very fine striae and the small, rounded areolae. 25. Internal view of an entire valve showing the rimoportulae and the thick mantle. 26. External view of the mantle/valve face junction with several openings of the rimoportulae (arrows). 27. Internal detail of the valve mantle with some rimoportulae. Scale bars: 20–23, 25–26 = 10 μm; 24, 27 = 1 μm.