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40 results for “Baculum”
Fig. 7. Encheloclarias baculum, ZRC 63817, 82.0 in First record of Encheloclarias (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Brunei Darussalam with notes on the taxonomic status of E. baculum Ng & Lim, 1993, and E. prolatus Ng & Lim, 1993
Fig. 7. Encheloclarias baculum, ZRC 63817, 82.0 mm SL, live colouration (Brunei: Badas) (Photograph: THH).
Figure 2 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 2. Morphometric variation among the species of the 6 measurements taken from the baculum.
The effect of baculum shape and mating behaviour on mating-induced Prolactin release in female house mice
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Baculum shape and paternity success in house mice: evidence for genital coevolution
<p>Sexual selection is believed to be responsible for the rapid divergence of male genitalia, which is a widely observed phenomenon across different taxa. Among mammals, the stimulatory role of male genitalia and female 'sensory perception' has been suggested to explain these evolutionary patterns. Recent research on house mice has shown that baculum (penis bone) shape can respond to experimentally imposed sexual selection. Here, we explore the adaptive value of baculum shape by performing two experiments that examine the effects of male and female genitalia on male reproductive success. Thus, we selected house mice (<i>Mus musculus domesticus</i>) from families characterised by extremes in baculum shape (relative width) and examined paternity success in both non-competitive (monogamous) and competitive (polyandrous) contexts. Our analyses revealed that the relative baculum shape of competing males influenced competitive paternity success, but that this effect was dependent on the breeding value for baculum shape of the family from which females were derived. Our data provide novel insight into the potential role of sexual selected on the coevolution of the house mouse baculum and lend support to the stimulatory hypothesis for mammalian genital evolution.</p>
Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in genitalia: baculum shape responds to sperm competition risk in house mice
Males are known to adjust their expenditure on testes growth and sperm production in response to sperm competition risk. Genital morphology can also contribute to competitive fertilisation success but whether male genital morphology can respond plastically to the sperm competition environment has received little attention. Here, we exposed male house mice to two different sperm competition environments during their sexual development and quantified phenotypic plasticity in baculum morphology. The sperm competition environment generated plasticity in body growth. Males maturing under sperm competition risk were larger and heavier than males maturing under no sperm competition risk. We used a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach to measure baculum size and shape. Independent of variation in body size, males maintained under risk of sperm competition had a relatively thicker and more distally extended baculum bulb compared with males maintained under no sperm competition risk. Plasticity in baculum shape paralleled evolutionary responses to selection from sperm competition reported in previous studies of house mice. Our findings provide experimental evidence of socially mediated phenotypic plasticity in male genitalia.
Modified Seal Baculum XCB-105-4096
Seal Baculum, Carved and Modified XCB-105-4096. 400 BCE-100 CE XCB-105 Adamagan (Aleut for place of walrus hunters) is at the head of Morzhovoi Bay, western Alaska Peninsula. It is a massive village with multiple occupations. When it was occupied 400 BCE-100 CE, it was the largest village in the Arctic with an estimated 1000 people. It also has limited occupations dated 2200-1700 BCE, 1000-600 BCE, and 900-1100 CE. The Western Alaska Peninsula artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 9630072, NSF 9814086, NSF 9996372, NSF 9996415, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 2-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing and publication completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURES 16–23 in Typification and taxonomy of Gyrosigma tenuissimum (W. Sm.) J.W. Griffith & Henfr., comparison with Gyrosigma coelophilum N. Okamoto & Nagumo and description of two new taxa: Gyrosigma tenuissimum var. gundulae var. nov. and Gyrosigma baculum sp. nov. (Pleurosigmataceae, Bacillariophyta)
FIGURES 16–23. Gyrosigma tenuissimum, additional populations, SEM images. Fig. 16. general view, internal. Bar = 20 µm. Fig. 17. Apex, internal. Bar = 4 µm. Fig. 18. centre, internal. Bar = 4µm. Fig. 19. apex, internal. Bar = 4 µm. Fig. 20. general view, external. Bar = 20 µm. Fig. 21. apex, external. Arrow marks apical pore. Bar = 3 µm. Fig. 22. centre, external. Bar = 3 µm. Inset: detail (2x enlargement) showing raphe fissure ends. Fig. 23. apex, external. Arrow marks apical pore. Bar = 3 µm.
FIGURES 11–15 in Typification and taxonomy of Gyrosigma tenuissimum (W. Sm.) J.W. Griffith & Henfr., comparison with Gyrosigma coelophilum N. Okamoto & Nagumo and description of two new taxa: Gyrosigma tenuissimum var. gundulae var. nov. and Gyrosigma baculum sp. nov. (Pleurosigmataceae, Bacillariophyta)
FIGURES 11–15. Gyrosigma tenuissimum, additional populations, LM images. Fig. 11. Specimen from BRM ZU8/73, Sicily. Stitch of 3 stacks of 9, 6, and 9 images respectively. Bar = 10 µm. Fig. 12. Another specimen from BRM ZU 8/73, stitch of 2 stacks of 6 and 7 images respectively. Bar = 10 µm. Fig. 13. LM specimen from BRM ZU 8/35, Sardinia. Stitch of 3 stacks of 14, 12 and 9 images respectively. Bar = 20 µm. Inset: detail of striation, bar = 2 µm. Fig. 14. LM of another specimen from BRM ZU 8/35, Sardinia. Stitch of 2 stacks of 17 and 16 images respectively. Bar = 20 µm. Fig. 15. LM of specimen from Hvar, Adriatic Sea. Stitch of 3 stacks of 14, 10 and 12 images respectively. Bar = 20 µm.
FIGURES 28–36. Gyrosigma tenuissimum var. gundulae, type material. Figures 28, 30, 31 in Typification and taxonomy of Gyrosigma tenuissimum (W. Sm.) J.W. Griffith & Henfr., comparison with Gyrosigma coelophilum N. Okamoto & Nagumo and description of two new taxa: Gyrosigma tenuissimum var. gundulae var. nov. and Gyrosigma baculum sp. nov. (Pleurosigmataceae, Bacillariophyta)
FIGURES 28–36. Gyrosigma tenuissimum var. gundulae, type material. Figures 28, 30, 31. LM images. Fig. 28. Holotype, general view. Stitch of 5 stacks of 15–20 images each. Bar = 30 µm. Fig. 30. Enlargement showing centre, note resolution of vestigial (upper) and continuous (lower) central bars. Bar = 1 µm. Fig. 31. Apex showing irregular striation. Bar = 3 µm. Figures 29, 32–36. SEM images. Fig.29. General view. Bar = 30 µm. Fig. 32. Apex, external view. Arrow indicates small accessory pore. Bar = 3 µm. Fig. 33. Centre, external view. Bar = 3 µm. Inset: 1.5x enlargement of Fig. 33 showing overlapping central raphe fissures. Fig. 34. Apex, internal view. Bar = 3 µm. Fig 35. Centre, internal view. Note sideways twisting of raphe fissures. Bar = 3 µm. Inset: 1.5x enlargement showing vestigial central bars. Fig. 36. Vestigial central bars of another specimen. Bar = 1.5 µm.
FIGURES 40–44. Thalassionema baculum. Figs 40, 41 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap
FIGURES 40–44. Thalassionema baculum. Figs 40, 41. Valves as seen in LM, Fig. 40 the holotype, GU44I-1. Fig. 42. Whole mount in SEM, GU44I-1. Fig. 43. Detail of valve exterior, showing simple occluding bars over the areolae. Fig 44. Detail of interior, showing rimoportula (arrow) and foramina, GU44BF-1A. Scale bars: Figs 40–42 = 5 µm, Figs 43, 44 = 2 µm.
Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in genitalia: baculum shape responds to sperm competition risk in house mice
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Baculum shape and paternity success in house mice: evidence for genital coevolution
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Data from: Experimental evidence for the evolution of the mammalian baculum by sexual selection
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Data from: Postcopulatory sexual selection influences baculum evolution in primates and carnivores
The extreme morphological variability of the baculum across mammals is thought to be the result of sexual selection (particularly, high levels of postcopulatory selection). However, the evolutionary trajectory of the mammalian baculum is little studied and evidence for the adaptive function of the baculum has so far been elusive. Here, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods implemented in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework to reconstruct baculum evolution across the mammalian class and investigate the rate of baculum length evolution within the primate order. We then test the effects of testes mass (postcopulatory sexual selection), polygamy, seasonal breeding and intromission duration on the baculum in primates and carnivores. The ancestral mammal did not have a baculum, but both ancestral primates and carnivores did. No relationship was found between testes mass and baculum length in either primates or carnivores. Intromission duration correlated with baculum presence over the course of primate evolution, and prolonged intromission predicts significantly longer bacula in extant primates and carnivores. Both polygamous and seasonal breeding systems predict significantly longer bacula in primates. These results suggest the baculum plays an important role in facilitating reproductive strategies in populations with high levels of postcopulatory sexual selection.
Figure 4 in Systematics, morphometry, and distribution of Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis (H. Allen, 1866) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with notes on baculum morphology and natural history
Figure 4. PCA plots of (a) cranial and (b) external measurements of Eptesicus miradorensis from different localities along its distribution range.
Figure 3 in Systematics, morphometry, and distribution of Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis (H. Allen, 1866) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with notes on baculum morphology and natural history
Figure 3. Details of the skeleton (a-b) and baculum (c-e) of Eptesicus miradorensis (QM JM 6365) from México. a. Dorsal view. b. Ventral view. c. Baculum shape and position (green) embedded in the penis (grey structure). d: Dorsal view of the baculum. e.Ventral view of the baculum.
Figure 5 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 5. Different baculum types of 3 species (N. xanthodon, N. ehrenbergi, and N. leucodon) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral view, respectively.
Data from: Postcopulatory sexual selection influences baculum evolution in primates and carnivores
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Genetic disruption of the baculum compromises the ability of male mice to copulate [scRNA-seq]
GEO Series GSE290862. Mus musculus. 5 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Genetic disruption of the baculum compromises the ability of male mice to copulate [ChIP-seq]
GEO Series GSE290863. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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