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Fig. 2. – Nematanthus exsertus Chautems. A in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil

Fig. 2. – Nematanthus exsertus Chautems. A. Habit with pendent pedicels in native habitat; B. Flowering shoots; C. Close-up of shoot showing stem and petiole indumentum; D. Close-up of corolla showing exserted stamens and style. [Jardim et al. 5000]

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Fig. 1. – Bayesian 50 in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil

Fig. 1. – Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree of Nematanthus resulting from the combined analysis of plastid loci atpB-rbcL, matK, rps16, rpl16, trnT-trnL, trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, and the nuclear regions ncpGS and ITS. Numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities. Numbers below branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap when ≥50 %. Asterisks indicate species with funnel-shaped and laterally compressed corollas.

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Figure 3 in Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil

Figure 3. Locations and copy numbers for human- and ruminant-indicative Bacteroides spp. DNA extracted from the material retained from filtration of 500 ml was used for qPCR determination of rDNA copy number. The size of the indicated shapes in the figure is proportional to the copy number/ml at that point as indicated in the legend. Inset shows points 12 and 13 at the same scale as the main figure.

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Figure 2 in Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil

Figure 2. Locations and concentrations of coliforms and E. coli at water collection points. A volume of water (100 µl – 1 ml) collected mid-stream was plated using the Coliscan culture system. Colonies were identified and counted at 48h. The size of the indicated shapes in the figure is proportional to the number of colonies/ml cultured as indicated in the legend. Inset shows points 12 and 13 at the same scale as the main figure.

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Figure 1 in Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil

Figure 1. Study area, rivers and water collection sites. The collection points on the Jiquiriçá River are P1-5; collection points on the Brejões P6-8. P3 is at the junction of the 2 rivers, and P9 and P10 are from the water treatment plant and an outside faucet, respectively. Left inset – Location of Bahia state, Salvador and Jenipapo within Brazil based on Wikimedia Commons (2011). Right inset – relationship of P12 and P13 to Jenipapo. These 2 points represent the source of piped water for the community and the furthest point upstream for collection on the Brejões River, respectively. Inset modified from Wikimedia Commons (2011).

Figure 5 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Figure 5. Numbers of Rotifera species per locality in Bahia State, Brazil. The codes follow Table 1.

Figure 1 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Figure 1. Map of Bahia State, Brazil, highlighting in the 13 sampling sites. Sampling sites described in Table 1.

Figure 3 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Figure 3. Rotifers from Bahia State, Brazil, sampled from 2010 to 2016. M. Hexarthra intermedia brasiliensis Hauer, 1953. N. Filinia opoliensis (Zacharias, 1898). O.Filinia terminalis (Plate, 1886). P.Lecane aquila Harring & Myers, 1926. Q. Lecane bulla bulla (Gosse, 1851). R. Lecane cornuta (Müller, 1786). S. Lecane quadridentata (Ehrenberg, 1830). T. Lecane monostyla (Daday, 1897). U. Lecane hornemanni (Ehrenberg, 1834). V.Lecane leontina (Turner, 1892). W.Lecane ludwigii (Eckstein, 1883). X.Lecane lunaris crenata (Harring, 1913). Species stained with bengal rose. Scale bars= 100 μm.

Figure 2 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Figure 2. Rotifers from Bahia State, Brazil, sampled from 2010 to 2016.A.Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse, 1851. B.Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766. C. Brachionus caudatus f. austrogenitus Ahlstrom, 1940. D.Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898. E.Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783. F.Brachionus urceolaris urceolaris Müller, 1773. G.Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851). H.Platyias quadricornis (Ehrenberg, 1832). I. Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse, 1886). J. Testudinella dendradena de Beauchamp, 1955. K. Trichocerca pusilla (Jennings, 1903). L. Squatinella mutica (Ehrenberg, 1832). Species stained with bengal rose. Scale bars= 100 μm.

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Fig. 1 in A new dark-dotted species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil

Fig. 1. Hypostomus jaguar, holotype, MZUSP 110603, 164.8 mm SL, from the rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil.

Fig. 13. Rhamdiopsis krugi, 32.5 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 13. Rhamdiopsis krugi, 32.5 mm SL, adult, live specimen photographed in aquarium on July 16th, 2008, unpreserved; Poço Encantado cave, left margin of the rio Una, Municipality of Itaetê, State of Bahia, Brazil. Courtesy of Adriano Gambarini.

Fig. 9 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 9. Basal region of left pectoral fin and proximate portions of pectoral girdle of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype.Ventralview. AP) articularcleithralprocess; CB) posterior complex bone of pectoral girdle (scapula, coracoid, and mesocoracoid fused); CK) coracoid keel; CL) cleithrum; DC) complex distal radial; DR1) distal radial 1; DR2a-c) pieces of distal radial 2; MA) mesocoracoid arch; PP) postcleithral process; and PR1-2) proximalradials 1 and 2. Scalebar = 0.7 mm.

Fig. 8 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 8. Pectoral girdle and fins of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. AP) articular cleithral process; CB) posterior complex bone of pectoral girdle (scapula, coracoid, and mesocoracoid fused); CL) cleithrum; DR2b) main posterior piece of distal radial 2; MA) mesocoracoid arch; PP) postcleithral process; PR2) proximal radial 2; RR1) rigid part of pectoral-fin ray 1; and SR1) soft part of pectoral-fin ray 1. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 5. Left suspensorium and opercular series of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Lateral view. EN) entopterygoid; HFen) foramen for entrance of ramus hyoideus of hyomandibular nerve trunk; HMex) foramen for exit of hyomandibular nerve trunk; HY) hyomandibula; IF) foramen for exit of infraorbital trunk nerve; IO) interopercle; MFen) foramen for entrance of ramus mandibularis externus facialis of hyomandibular nerve trunk; MT) metapterygoid; OP) opercle; pm8-11) preoperculomandibular sensory branches 8 to 11; PO) preopercle; and QU) quadrate. Scale bar = 1.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 2. Anterior portion of the body of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5929, 37.1 mm SL, holotype. Arrows indicate the limits of the pseudotympanum.

Fig. 12 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 12. Rhamdiopsis krugi, ca. 30.0 mm SL, adult, live specimen photographed in the nature in August, 1991, not collected; Poço Encantado cave, ca. 7 km from left margin of the rio Una, Municipality of Itaetê, State of Bahia, Brazil.

Fig. 7 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 7. Anterior vertebrae of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. AB) anterior branch of transverse process 4; AP) accessory process of vertebra 7; ll1-3) lateral line sensory branches 1 to 3; NL) neural lamina (neural arches of vertebrae 3 and 4); NS4) neural spine of vertebra 4; PB) posterior branch of transverse process 4; SB) swimbladder; TP4) transverse process 4; and TP5) transverse process 5. Arrow indicates osseous bridge joining anterior and posterior branches of transverse process 4. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 4. Cranium of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. a) dorsal view; b) ventral view. Abbreviations: AF) anterior fontanel; AN) antorbital; AP) autopalatine; AT) antorbital tubule; BL) Baudelot's ligament; BO) basioccipital; EC) ethmoidean cartilage; EP) epioccipital; ES) extrascapula; EX) exoccipital; FR) frontal; HF) hyomandibular facet; i1-6) infraorbital sensory branches 1 to 6; LE) lateral ethmoid; ME) mesethmoid; MX) maxilla; NA) nasal; OF) optic foramen (rudiment); OS) orbitosphenoid; PA) parasphenoid; PF) posterior fontanel; PM) premaxilla; PO) prootic; po1-3) postotic sensory branches 1 to 3; PT) pterotic; PS) pterosphenoid; s1-3) supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 3; s6) supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); s7) supraorbital sensory branch 7 (postorbital branch); s8) supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch); SC) supracleithrum; SP) sphenotic; ST1-4) suborbital tubules 1 to 4; SU) supraoccipital; TF) trigeminofacial foramen; VL) ventrolateral limb of supracleithrum; VM) ventromedial limb of supracleithrum; and VO) vomer. Scale bars = 1.5 mm.

Fig. 6 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 6. Gill arches of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. Gill rakers and dorsal elements of left gill arches not shown. AN) accessory cartilaginous nodule; BB2-4) basibranchials 2 to 4; CB1-5) ceratobranchials 1 to 5; EB1-5) epibranchials 1 to 5; HB1-3) hypobranchials 1 to 3; PB3-4) pharyngobranchials 3 and 4; TP) tooth plate; and UP) uncinate process. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 3. Anterior portion of the body of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5929, 37.1 mm SL, holotype, showing laterosensory canal system. a) lateral view; b) dorsal view; c) ventral view. i1) infraorbital sensory branch 1; i2) infraorbital sensory branch 2 (antorbital branch); i3-6) infraorbital sensory branches 3 to 6; ll1) lateral line sensory branch 1; ll2-11) lateral line sensory branches 2 to 11; pm1-11) preoperculomandibular sensory branches 1 to 11; po1) postotic sensory branch 1; po1+pm11) postotic-preoperculomandibular complex sensory branch (postotic sensory branch 1 + preoperculomandibular sensory branch 11); po2) postotic sensory branch 2 (pterotic or temporal branch); po3) postotic sensory branch 3; s1-3) supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 3; s6) supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); and s8) supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch). Scale bar = 3 mm.