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66 results for “Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis”
Figure 2. A in Field surveys in Western Panama indicate populations of Atelopus varius frogs are persisting in regions where Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is now enzootic
Figure 2. A pair of Atelopus varius in amplexus, found in the mountains of Western Panama.
Chytridiomycosis and climate change: exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and mild winter conditions do not increase mortality in juvenile agile frogs during hibernation
<p>Datasets and analyses for "Chytridiomycosis and climate change: exposure to <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> and mild winter conditions do not increase mortality in juvenile agile frogs during hibernation" by Kásler A., Holly D., Herczeg D., Ujszegi J. and Hettyey A., published online on 22nd January 2023 in Animal Conservation.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12851">https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12851</a></p>
Persistence of sub-clinical <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> infection in stream anurans in South Asia
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Host identity matters – up to a point: the community context of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis transmission
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Efficacy of prophylaxis dose and duration on host defense against the deadly chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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Prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in thre Hoang Lien Range, northwest Vietnam
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Synthesis of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in South America: amphibian species under risk and areas to focus research and disease mitigation
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Archival mitogenomes identify invasion by the Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis CAPE lineage caused an African amphibian extinction in the wild
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Data from: Metabolites from the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) reduce Bd load in Cuban treefrog tadpoles
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High relative humidity and temperature limit disease development and mortality in golden frogs of Panama, Atelopus zeteki, infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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Data from: Unlocking the story in the swab: A new genotyping assay for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
One of the most devastating emerging pathogens of wildlife is the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which affects hundreds of amphibian species around the world. Genomic data from pure Bd cultures has advanced our understanding of Bd phylogenetics, genomic architecture, and mechanisms of virulence. However pure cultures are laborious to obtain and whole genome sequencing is comparatively expensive, so relatively few isolates have been genetically characterized. Thus we still know little about the genetic diversity of Bd in natural systems. The most common non-invasive method of sampling Bd from natural populations is to swab amphibian skin. Hundreds of thousands of swabs have been collected from amphibians around the world, but Bd DNA collected via swabs is often low in quality and/or quantity. In this study, we developed a custom Bd genotyping assay using the Fluidigm Access Array platform to amplify 192 carefully-selected regions of the Bd genome. We obtained robust sequence data for pure Bd cultures and field-collected skin swabs. This new assay has the power to accurately discriminate among the major Bd clades, recovering the basic tree topology previously revealed using whole genome data. Additionally, we established a critical value for initial Bd load for swab samples (150 Bd genomic equivalents) above which our assay performs well. By leveraging advances in microfluidic multiplex PCR technology and the globally distributed resource of amphibian swab samples, non-invasive skin swabs can now be used to address critical spatial and temporal questions about Bd and its effects on declining amphibian populations.
Data from: Effects of host species and environmental factors on the prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in northern Europe
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) poses a major threat to amphibian populations. To assist efforts to address such threats, we examined differences in Bd host infection prevalence among amphibian species and its relations to both local environmental factors in breeding habitats and landscape variables measured at three scales (500, 2000 and 5000 m radii) around breeding sites in southernmost Sweden. We sampled 947 anurans of six species in 31 ponds and assessed their infection status. We then examined correlations of infection prevalence with canopy cover, pond perimeter and pH (treated as local-scale pond characteristics), and the number of ponds, area of arable land, area of mature forest, number of resident people and presence of sea within the three radii (treated as landscape variables). The Bd infection prevalence was very low, 0.5-1.0%, in two of the six anuran species (Bufo bufo and Rana temporaria), and substantially higher (13-64%) in the other four (Bombina bombina, Bufotes variabilis, Epidalea calamita, Rana arvalis). In the latter four species Bd infection prevalence was positively associated with ponds' pH (site range: 5.3-8.1), and negatively associated with areas of mature forest and/or wetlands in the surroundings. Our results show that the infection dynamics of Bd are complex and associated with host species, local pond characteristics and several landscape variables at larger spatial scales. Knowledge of environmental factors associated with Bd infections and differences in species' susceptibility may help to counter further spread of the disease and guide conservation action plans, especially for the most threatened species.
Data from: Carotenoids and amphibians: effects on life history and susceptibility to the infectious pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Carotenoids are considered beneficial nutrients because they provide increased immune capacity. Although carotenoid research has been conducted in many vertebrates, little research has been done in amphibians, a group that is experiencing global population declines from numerous causes, including disease. We raised two amphibian species through metamorphosis on three carotenoid diets to quantify the effects on life-history traits and post-metamorphic susceptibility to a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd). Increased carotenoids had no effect on survival to metamorphosis in gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) but caused lower survival to metamorphosis in wood frogs [Lithobates sylvaticus (Rana sylvatica)]. Increased carotenoids caused both species to experience slower development and growth. When exposed to Bd after metamorphosis, wood frogs experienced high mortality, and the carotenoid diets had no mitigating effects. Gray treefrogs were less susceptible to Bd, which prevented an assessment of whether carotenoids could mitigate the effects of Bd. Moreover, carotenoids had no effect on pathogen load. As one of only a few studies examining the effects of carotenoids on amphibians and the first to examine potential interactions with Bd, our results suggest that carotenoids do not always serve amphibians in the many positive ways that have become the paradigm in other vertebrates.
Data for: Epidemiological landscape of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and its impact on amphibian diversity at global scale
<p>Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis </em>(<em>Bd</em>), is a major driver of amphibian decline worldwide. The global presence of <em>Bd </em>is driven by a synergy of factors, such as climate, species life history, and amphibian host susceptibility. Here, using a Bayesian data-mining approach, we modeled the epidemiological landscape of <em>Bd </em>to evaluate how infection varies across several spatial, ecological, and phylogenetic scales. We compiled global information on <em>Bd </em>occurrence, climate, species ranges, and phylogenetic diversity to infer the potential distribution and prevalence of <em>Bd</em>. By calculating the degree of co-distribution between <em>Bd </em>and our set of environmental and biological variables (e.g. climate and species), we identified the factors that could potentially be related to <em>Bd </em>presence and prevalence using a geographic correlation metric, epsilon (ε). We fitted five ecological models based on 1) amphibian species identity, 2) phylogenetic species variability values for a given species assemblage, 3) temperature, 4) precipitation and 5) all variables together. Our results extend the findings of previous studies by identifying the epidemiological landscape features of <em>Bd</em>. This ecological modeling framework allowed us to generate explicit spatial predictions for <em>Bd </em>prevalence at the global scale and a ranked list of species with high/low probability of <em>Bd </em>presence. Our geographic model identified areas with high potential for <em>Bd </em>prevalence (potential <em>Bd</em>-risk areas) and areas with low potential <em>Bd </em>prevalence as potential refuges (free <em>Bd</em>). At the amphibian assemblage level, we found a non-relationship with amphibian phylogenetic signals, but a significantly negative correlation between observed species richness and <em>Bd </em>prevalence indicated a potential dilution effect at the landscape scale. Our model may identify species and areas potentially susceptible and at risk for <em>Bd </em>presence, which could be used to prioritize regions for amphibian conservation efforts and to assess species and assemblage at risk.</p>
Figure 2 in Cryptic but direct costs of an epidemic caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the endangered Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus (Amphibia, Caudata)
Figure 2. Estimated difference between the values of the smoothed curves for infected and uninfected individuals obtained by GAMs fitted to investigate the age-dependent variation in SVL, in Euproctus platycephalus. Male estimates are shown on the left, females on the right. The shaded area corresponds to the 95% confidence interval of the difference between mean predicted values. When the shaded area excludes zero, the predicted values for the two populations are considered significantly different from each other.
Figure 3 in Cryptic but direct costs of an epidemic caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the endangered Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus (Amphibia, Caudata)
Figure 3. Smooth functional relationships (left) and estimated difference between the values of the curves (right) for infected and uninfected populations obtained by GAMs fitted to investigate the age-dependent variation in the proportion of individuals of Euproctus platycephalus. On the left, shaded areas represent 95% confidence interval, and data points have been jittered to improve visualization. On the right, the 95% confidence interval of the difference between mean predicted values: when the shaded area excludes zero, the predicted values for the two populations are considered significantly different from each other.
Figure 1 in Cryptic but direct costs of an epidemic caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the endangered Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus (Amphibia, Caudata)
Figure 1. Smooth functional relationships estimated by GAMs fitted to investigate the age-dependent variation in Svl, in Euproctus platycephalus. Male estimates are shown on the left, females on the right. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence interval. Data points have been jittered to improve visualization.
Data from: Climate structuring of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the threatened amphibians of the northern Western Ghats, India
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a pathogen killing amphibians worldwide. Its impact across much of Asia is poorly characterised. This study systematically surveyed amphibians for Bd across rocky plateaus in the northern section of the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India, including for the first surveys of the plateaus in the coastal region. These ecosystems offer an epidemiological model system since they are characterised by differing levels of connectivity, edaphic and climatic conditions, and anthropogenic stressors. One hundred and eighteen individuals of 21 species of Anura and Apoda on 13 plateaus ranging from 67-1179m above sea level and 15.89 to 17.92° North Latitude were sampled. Using qPCR protocols 79% of species and 27% of individuals tested were positive for Bd. This is the first record of Bd in caecilians in India, the Critically Endangered Xanthophryne tigenrinus and Endangered Fejervarya cf. sahyadris. Mean site prevalence was 28.15%. Prevalence below the escarpment was 31.2% and 25.4% above. The intensity of infection (GE) showed the reverse pattern. Infection may be related to elevational temperature changes, thermal exclusion, inter-site connectivity and anthropogenic disturbance. Coastal plateaus may be thermal refuges from Bd. Infected amphibians represented a wide range of ecological traits posing interesting questions about transmission routes.
Figure 2 in Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs
Figure 2. Agar models in the shape of Eleutherodactylus coqui with thermal couplers inserted. Models were placed on the forest floor (a) and in arboreal vegetation (b) to determine operative body temperatures that hosts encounter in these microhabitats.
Figure 4 in Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs
Figure 4. Proportion of the infected adults (a) and the infected juveniles (b) using forest-floor (brown) or arboreal (green) microhabitats that presented different levels of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection intensities (given as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis zoospore genomic equivalents). Above each bar we indicate the number of infected individuals in each category. For example there were only five infected juveniles found in arboreal substrate, and 20% of these had low Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection loads.
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