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145 results for “Behavioral variation”
Data from: Multimodal in situ datalogging quantifies inter-individual variation in thermal experience and persistent origin effects on gaping behavior among intertidal mussels (Mytilus californianus)
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Data from: Sex-specific variation in foraging behavior is related to telomere length in a long-lived seabird
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Data from: Variation in season length and development time is sufficient to drive the emergence and coexistence of social and solitary behavioral strategies
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Data from: Novel sources of (co)variation in nestling begging behavior and hunger at different biological levels of analysis
<p>Biological hypotheses predicting patterns of offspring begging typically concern the covariance with hunger and/or development at specific hierarchical levels. For example, hunger drives within-individual patterns of begging, but begging also drives food intake among individuals within broods, and begging and food intake can covary positively or negatively among genotypes or broods. Testing biological phenomena that occur at multiple levels therefore requires the partitioning of covariance between traits of interest to ensure that each level-specific relationship is appropriately assessed. We performed a partial cross-fostering study on a wild population of great tits (Parus major), then used multivariate mixed-models to partition variation and covariation in nestling begging effort and two metrics of nestling hunger within versus among individual nestlings and broods. At the within-individual level, we found that nestlings begged more intensely when hungrier (positive correlation between begging and hunger). However, among individuals, nestlings that were fed more frequently also begged more intensely on average (negative correlation between begging and hunger). Variation in nestling mass did not give rise to the negative correlation between begging and hunger among nestlings, but we did find that lighter nestlings begged more intensely than their heavier biological siblings, suggesting that this effect may be driven by a genetic component linked to offspring size. Our study illustrates how patterns of covariance can differ across biological levels of analysis and addresses biological mechanisms that could produce these previously obscured patterns.</p>
Data from: Vertically inherited microbiota and environment modifying behaviors conceal genetic variation in dung beetle life history
<p>Diverse organisms actively manipulate their (sym)biotic and physical environment in ways that feedback on their own development. However, the degree to which these processes affect microevolution remains poorly understood. The gazelle dung beetle both physically modifies its ontogenetic environment and structures its biotic interactions through vertical symbiont transmission. By experimentally eliminating i) physical environmental modifications, and ii) the vertical inheritance of microbes, we assess how environment modifying behavior and microbiome transmission shape heritable variation. We found that depriving larvae from symbionts and environment modifying behaviors increased additive genetic variance and heritability for development time but not body size. This suggests that larvae's ability to manipulate their environment has the potential to modify heritable variation and to facilitate the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation. This cryptic variation may become released and selectable when organisms encounter environments that alter the degree to which they can be manipulated. Furthermore, we found heritable variation for the response to the elimination of environmental modifications, indicating that genotypes differ in their dependence on the ability to manipulate their environment. Our findings highlight that the ability of organisms to actively manipulate their environment may affect the potential of populations to evolve when encountering novel, stressful conditions.</p>
Carotenoid skin ornaments as flexible indicators of male foraging behavior in a marine predator: Variation among Mexican colonies of Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster)
<p>Carotenoid-dependent ornaments can reflect animals' diet and foraging behaviors. However, this association should be spatially flexible and variable among populations to account for geographic variation in optimal foraging behaviors. We tested this hypothesis using populations of a marine predator (the brown booby, <em>Sula leucogaster</em>) that forage across a gradient in ocean depth in and near the Gulf of California. Specifically, we quantified green chroma for two skin traits (foot and gular color) and their relationship to foraging location and diet of males, as measured via GPS tracking and stable carbon isotope analysis of blood plasma. Our three focal colonies varied in which foraging attributes were linked to carotenoid-rich ornaments. For gular skin, our data showed a shift from a benthic prey-green skin association in the shallow waters in the north to a pelagic prey-green skin association in the deepest waters to the south. Mean foraging trip duration and distance of the foraging site from the coast also predicted skin coloration in some colonies. Finally, brown booby colonies varied in which trait (foot vs. gular skin color) was associated with foraging metrics. Overall, our results indicate that male ornaments reflect the quality of diet and foraging – information that may help females select mates who are adapted to local foraging conditions and therefore, are likely to provide better parental care. More broadly, our results stress that diet-dependent ornaments are intimately linked to animals' environments and that we cannot assume ornaments or ornament signal content are ubiquitous within species, even when ornaments appear similar among populations. </p>
Not all Heterogeneity is Equal: Length Scale of Frictional Property Variation as a control on Subduction Megathrust Sliding Behavior
<p>The folder SSS_Results.zip contains the following files:</p> <p>1) A .txt for each simulation that contains (1st column) simulated timestep in seconds; (2nd column) maximum slip velocity at each timestep in m/s; and (3rd column) maximum slip velocity taken from the center of the velocity-strengthening blocks in m/s at each time step.</p> <p>2) A .mat file for each simulation that contains the same output as the .txt file, and in addition a MATLAB structure 'p' that serves as an input file to run each simulation using RSFaultZ, found at <a href="https://github.com/rmskarbek/RSFaultZ">https://github.com/rmskarbek/RSFaultZ</a></p> <p>3) PartialStabilityData.mat - results from linear stability analysis.</p> <p>4) ReducedArchiveData.m, SSS_Fig3.m, SSS_Fig4.m - Three MATLAB scripts that will automatically generate figures 3 and 4 in the related paper. </p> <p>NOTE: SSS_Fig3.m uses a perceptually uniform color map that requires an additional MATLAB package: <a href="https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/68546-crameri-perceptually-uniform-scientific-colormaps">https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/68546-crameri-perceptually-uniform-scientific-colormaps</a></p> <p>For any additional information please do not hesitate to contact the corresponding author Rob Skarbek at rskarbek@psi.edu.</p> <p>Additional MATLAB scripts that will reproduce the simulations themselves can be found at <a href="https://github.com/rmskarbek/RSFaultZ/tree/main/examples/blocks">https://github.com/rmskarbek/RSFaultZ/tree/main/examples/blocks</a></p>
Videos of the new specimens of Helicops boitata (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Hydropsini), with data on morphological variation and behavior
<p>We report information on morphological variation and behavior of the recently described watersnake <em>Helicops boitata</em>, previously known strictly from the holotype. Our data come from five new specimens fortuitously found in a private area near the type locality, in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands. The expanded sample revealed polymorphism in at least two scalation features assumed as diagnostic of the species (i.e., undivided condition of the cloacal plate and nasal scales) and confirmed the uniqueness of the ventral color pattern, as well as the divided condition of the foremost ventral shields. Besides, as reported for the holotype, three individuals collected alive also exhibited harmless behavior when handled, a rather unusual feature among snakes of the genus <em>Helicops</em>. Other new behavioral observations include a mostly nocturnal activity (in contrast with the previous data) and the ability to dig galleries in the soft substrate when attempting to escape. The finding of five individuals very close to each other suggest aggregations in habitats retaining humidity in the dry season of the Pantanal. Low abundance rates and possible habitat restrictions might render <em>Helicops boitata</em> particularly susceptible to seasonal fire episodes that consume large extensions of the wetlands, including dry swamps in which aquatic reptiles find refuge during the seasonal droughts.</p>
Fig. 7 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 7. The example of a Greenish Warbler male's territory.
Fig. 4 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 4. Terms of arrival of Leaf Warblers to the breeding areas in 1973 – 2014.
Fig. 3 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 3. The example of a 'line-territory' of a Chiffchaff male.
The coincidence degree between the geochemical behavior of elements and the periodic variation of elements based on geochemical data of C2 coal seam in the Fengfeng mining area of the Handan Coalfield in Hebei, China
<p>In this data-set, based on the geochemical data of C2 coal seam in the Fengfeng mining area of the Handan Coalfield in Hebei (China), where provided ideal coal samples changing continuously from low-rank metamorphic coal to high-rank metamorphic coal, the coincidence degree (or similarity degree) between the geochemical behavior of 57 elements and the periodic variation of elements during the thermal metamorphism process is calculated.</p>
Fig. 10 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 10. Graph showing distribution of Coronella brachyura. Prepared by Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 6 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 6. Coronella brachyura preying upon gecko, coiling around it. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 7. Captive individual did not eat frogs when offered. Photo credit Dikansh S in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 7. Captive individual did not eat frogs when offered. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 8 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 8. Eggs of Coronella brachyura in hypoosmotic condition. Photo credit Vedant Lala.
Figure 4 in Predator exposure and size-related variation in web-building and web-decorating behavior in Argiope appensa
Figure 4. Relationship between web diameter and web decoration length on Rota and Guam.
Figure 2 in Predator exposure and size-related variation in web-building and web-decorating behavior in Argiope appensa
Figure 2. Frequency distribution of spider body size categories in Rota and Guam.
Data from: Underlying mechanisms and ecological context of variation in exploratory behavior of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile
Uncovering how and why animals explore their environment is fundamental for understanding population dynamics, the spread of invasive species, species interactions, etc. In social animals, individuals within a group can vary in their exploratory behavior, and the behavioral composition of the group can determine its collective success. Workers of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) exhibit individual variation in exploratory behavior, which affects the colony's collective nest selection behavior. Here, we examine the mechanisms underlying this behavioral variation in exploratory behavior and determine its implications for the ecology of this species. We first establish that individual variation in exploratory behavior is repeatable and consistent across situations. We then show a relationship between exploratory behavior and the expression of genes that have been previously linked with other behaviors in social insects. Specifically, we found a negative relationship between exploratory behavior and the expression of the foraging (Lhfor) gene. Finally, we determine how colonies allocate exploratory individuals in natural conditions. We found that ants from inside the nest are the least exploratory individuals, whereas workers on newly formed foraging trails are the most exploratory individuals. Furthermore, we found temporal differences throughout the year: in early-mid spring, when new resources emerge, workers are more exploratory than at the end of winter, potentially allowing the colony to find and exploit new resources. These findings reveal the importance of individual variation in behavior for the ecology of social animals.
Behavioral responses of a large, heat-sensitive mammal to climatic variation at multiple spatial scales
<p>1. Climate warming creates energetic challenges for endothermic species by increasing metabolic and hydric costs of thermoregulation. Although endotherms can invoke an array of behavioral and physiological strategies for maintaining homeostasis, the relative effectiveness of those strategies in a climate that is becoming both warmer and drier is not well understood.</p> <p>2. In accordance with the heat dissipation limit theory, which suggests that allocation of energy to growth and reproduction by endotherms is constrained by the ability to dissipate heat, we expected that patterns of habitat use by large, heat-sensitive mammals across multiple scales are critical for behavioral thermoregulation during periods of potential heat stress and that they must invest a large portion of time to maintain heat balance.</p> <p>3. To test our predictions, we evaluated mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of bed sites for ameliorating daytime heat loads and potential heat stress across the landscape while accounting for other factors known to affect behavior. We integrated detailed data on microclimate and animal attributes of moose <em>Alces</em> <em>alces</em>, into a biophysical model to quantify costs of thermoregulation at fine and coarse spatial scales.</p> <p>4. During summer, moose spent an average of 67.8% of daylight hours bedded, and selected bed sites and home ranges that reduced risk of experiencing heat stress. For most of the day, shade could effectively mitigate the risk of experiencing heat stress up to 10°C, but at warmer temperatures (up to 20℃) wet soil was necessary to maintain homeostasis via conductive heat loss. Consistent selection across spatial scales for locations that reduced heat load underscores the importance of the thermal environment as a driver of behavior in this heat-sensitive mammal.</p> <p>5. Moose in North America have long been characterized as riparian-obligate species because of their dependence on woody plant species for food. Nevertheless, the importance of dissipating endogenous heat loads conductively through wet soil suggests riparian habitats also are critical thermal refuges for moose. Such refuges may be especially important in the face of a warming climate in which both high environmental temperatures and drier conditions will likely exacerbate limits to heat dissipation, especially for large, heat-sensitive animals.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.