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Distribution. Mainland SE Asia, Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea (including Bismarck Archipelago), Solomon Is, and NE Australia; also on N Nicobar Is in Hipposideridae

Distribution. Mainland SE Asia, Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago, New Guinea (including Bismarck Archipelago), Solomon Is, and NE Australia; also on N Nicobar Is

Distribution. New Guinea, including Yapen, Mios Num, and Roon Is in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay, Karkar and Walis Is off the N coast, Raja Ampat Is of Salawati, Sorong, and Misool, SE Papua New Guinea Is of Samarai (= Dinner) and Dufaure (= Dufour), and Aru Is. It is present on many islands of C & S Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Pulau Pandjang, Buru, and the Tayandu and Kai archipelagos). It has been introduced to Selayar I between Sulawesi and Flores (W occurrence of the species), and there are vague records from Flores and Sulawesi, which may also refer to the Selayar population. This species was also apparently introduced to Mussau (St. Matthias Group, NE Bismarck Archipelago) in prehistoric times and to New Ireland I (Bismarck Archipelago) in the 20™ century. in Phalangeridae

Distribution. New Guinea, including Yapen, Mios Num, and Roon Is in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay, Karkar and Walis Is off the N coast, Raja Ampat Is of Salawati, Sorong, and Misool, SE Papua New Guinea Is of Samarai (= Dinner) and Dufaure (= Dufour), and Aru Is. It is present on many islands of C & S Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Pulau Pandjang, Buru, and the Tayandu and Kai archipelagos). It has been introduced to Selayar I between Sulawesi and Flores (W occurrence of the species), and there are vague records from Flores and Sulawesi, which may also refer to the Selayar population. This species was also apparently introduced to Mussau (St. Matthias Group, NE Bismarck Archipelago) in prehistoric times and to New Ireland I (Bismarck Archipelago) in the 20™ century.

Distribution. Endemic to Admiralty (Manus, Los Negros, Ponam, Rambutyo, Pak I, Baluan, where it may be extinct, Lou, Ninigo group, Hermit Is including Luf, and Wuvulu) and Bismarck archipelagos of Papua New Guinea. In the Bismarcks, it is recorded from small Bali I adjacent to New Britain I and by a museum specimen, with a questionable provenance, from New Britain I itself. in Phalangeridae

Distribution. Endemic to Admiralty (Manus, Los Negros, Ponam, Rambutyo, Pak I, Baluan, where it may be extinct, Lou, Ninigo group, Hermit Is including Luf, and Wuvulu) and Bismarck archipelagos of Papua New Guinea. In the Bismarcks, it is recorded from small Bali I adjacent to New Britain I and by a museum specimen, with a questionable provenance, from New Britain I itself.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.o.orientalisPallas,1766—W&NNewGuineafromtheBird'sHead(=Vogelkop)PeninsulatotheLaearea,andadjacentislands(Waigeo,Batanta,Salawati,Misool,Yapen,Biak,Supiori,Numfor,SuMios,Karkar,Bagabag,[.ong,andVokeo),alsointheC&SMoluccasandELesserSundas(Seram,Ambon,Buru,Saparua,Gorong,Banda,Kai,andBabarIs),mostlikelyintroducedbyhumansinseveralotherislands(Timor,Wetar,andLet). P. o. breviceps Thomas, 1888 — likely native to New Britain I in the Bismarck Archipelago, but distributed throughout the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Is, apparently mostly by human-mediated introduction (Umboi, Duke of York, New Ireland, Lihir, Tabar, Boang, Manus, Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Alu, Fauro, Mono, Vella Lavella, New Georgia, Ganongga, Gatukai, Rendova, Molakobi, Komachu, Choiseul, Ysabel, Russell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira Is). in Phalangeridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.o.orientalisPallas,1766—W&NNewGuineafromtheBird'sHead(=Vogelkop)PeninsulatotheLaearea,andadjacentislands(Waigeo,Batanta,Salawati,Misool,Yapen,Biak,Supiori,Numfor,SuMios,Karkar,Bagabag,[.ong,andVokeo),alsointheC&SMoluccasandELesserSundas(Seram,Ambon,Buru,Saparua,Gorong,Banda,Kai,andBabarIs),mostlikelyintroducedbyhumansinseveralotherislands(Timor,Wetar,andLet). P. o. breviceps Thomas, 1888 — likely native to New Britain I in the Bismarck Archipelago, but distributed throughout the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Is, apparently mostly by human-mediated introduction (Umboi, Duke of York, New Ireland, Lihir, Tabar, Boang, Manus, Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Alu, Fauro, Mono, Vella Lavella, New Georgia, Ganongga, Gatukai, Rendova, Molakobi, Komachu, Choiseul, Ysabel, Russell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira Is).

Subspecies and Distribution. P. b. breviceps Waterhouse, 1839 — E mainland Australia in New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia, extending into SE South Australia; also Tasmania (where may be introduced). P. b. ariel Gould, 1842 — N Western Australia through N Northern Territory, including Tiwi Is and Groote Eylandt. Pb. longicaudatus Longman, 1924 — N & E Queensland, including Normanby I (off Russell River, S of Cairns). P. b. papuanus Thomas, 1888 — Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate I, Bacan Is, Gebe I, Kai Besar I); and New Guinea, including West Papuan Is (Misool, Salawati), Adi I (off S Bomberai = Fakfak Peninsula), islands in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay (Yapen, Numfoor), islands off N coast (Bagabag, Bam, Blup Blup, Kadovar, Karkar, Koil, Vokeo, Wei), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain, Duke of York), and islands off SE peninsula (Fergusson, Goodenough, Sudest, Woodlark, Misima, Normanby). in Petauridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. b. breviceps Waterhouse, 1839 — E mainland Australia in New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia, extending into SE South Australia; also Tasmania (where may be introduced). P. b. ariel Gould, 1842 — N Western Australia through N Northern Territory, including Tiwi Is and Groote Eylandt. Pb. longicaudatus Longman, 1924 — N & E Queensland, including Normanby I (off Russell River, S of Cairns). P. b. papuanus Thomas, 1888 — Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate I, Bacan Is, Gebe I, Kai Besar I); and New Guinea, including West Papuan Is (Misool, Salawati), Adi I (off S Bomberai = Fakfak Peninsula), islands in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay (Yapen, Numfoor), islands off N coast (Bagabag, Bam, Blup Blup, Kadovar, Karkar, Koil, Vokeo, Wei), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain, Duke of York), and islands off SE peninsula (Fergusson, Goodenough, Sudest, Woodlark, Misima, Normanby).

Subspecies and Distribution. D.g.goodfellowiThomas,1908—SEPapuaNewGuinea. D.g.buergersiMatschie,1912—CentralRangeofPapuaNewGuinea. D. g. pulcherrimus Flannery, 1993 — Torricelli Mts and Foja Mts, N New Guinea. An introduced population is present in W New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. in Macropodidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D.g.goodfellowiThomas,1908—SEPapuaNewGuinea. D.g.buergersiMatschie,1912—CentralRangeofPapuaNewGuinea. D. g. pulcherrimus Flannery, 1993 — Torricelli Mts and Foja Mts, N New Guinea. An introduced population is present in W New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.

Subspecies and Distribution. T. b. browni Ramsay, 1877 — N & E New Guinea. T.b. lanata Thomas 1922 — Huon Peninsula, NE Papua New Guinea. Introduced into Yapen I and several islands in Bismarck Archipelago. in Macropodidae

Subspecies and Distribution. T. b. browni Ramsay, 1877 — N & E New Guinea. T.b. lanata Thomas 1922 — Huon Peninsula, NE Papua New Guinea. Introduced into Yapen I and several islands in Bismarck Archipelago.

Subspecies and Distribution. O.b.beccariiPeters,1881—Moluccas(Hal-mahera,Seram,andAmbonIs)andSENewGuinea. O. b. astrolabiensis A. B. Meyer, 1899 — NE New Guinea (including Kairiru and Kadovar Is) and Bismarck Archipelago (Mussau and New Britain Is). Also present in D'Entrecasteaux Is (Fergusson), but race involved is not known. in Molossidae

Subspecies and Distribution. O.b.beccariiPeters,1881—Moluccas(Hal-mahera,Seram,andAmbonIs)andSENewGuinea. O. b. astrolabiensis A. B. Meyer, 1899 — NE New Guinea (including Kairiru and Kadovar Is) and Bismarck Archipelago (Mussau and New Britain Is). Also present in D'Entrecasteaux Is (Fergusson), but race involved is not known.

Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albwenterJ.E.Gray,1863—NMoluccas(Morotai,Halmahera,Bacan,andObi)andRajaAmpatIs(Waigeo,Batanta,andSalawati). N. a. papuanus K. Andersen, 1910 — lowland New Guinea and N Aru Is. Populations on Kai Is, Admiralty Is, and Bismarck Archipelago are not currently assigned to either taxon. in Pteropodidae

Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albwenterJ.E.Gray,1863—NMoluccas(Morotai,Halmahera,Bacan,andObi)andRajaAmpatIs(Waigeo,Batanta,andSalawati). N. a. papuanus K. Andersen, 1910 — lowland New Guinea and N Aru Is. Populations on Kai Is, Admiralty Is, and Bismarck Archipelago are not currently assigned to either taxon.

Distribution. Bismarck Archipelago (New Ireland, Duke of York, Mioko, New Britain, Tolokiwa, Umboi, and Dyaul Is); probably also on Sakar and Lavongai Is. in Pteropodidae

Distribution. Bismarck Archipelago (New Ireland, Duke of York, Mioko, New Britain, Tolokiwa, Umboi, and Dyaul Is); probably also on Sakar and Lavongai Is.

Distribution. Bismarck Archipelago (New Ireland I); it might also extend throughout the rest of the archipelago and other Is. in Pteropodidae

Distribution. Bismarck Archipelago (New Ireland I); it might also extend throughout the rest of the archipelago and other Is.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.minimusE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1810—Java,MaduraI,BaliI,KangeanIs,andLombokI. M.m.booensisKompanje&Moeliker,2001—BooIsintheRajaAmpatIsoftNWNewGuinea. M.m.lagochilusMatschie,1899—C&SThailand,SVietnam(includingConSonI),W&SCambodia,PeninsularMalaysia,Sumatra,NiasI,Borneo,NatunaIs,Philippines,Sulawesi,TalaudIs,TimorI,andMoluccas(Halmahera,Buru,Seram,andAmbonIsaswellasafewothersmallerIsgroups). M. m. nanus Matschie, 1899 — New Guinea, Yapen I, Geelvink Is, Raja Ampat Is, Fergusson I, Bougainville I, Aru Is, Bismarck Archipelago, Kai Is, Admiralty Is, Solomon Is, and N Australia (NE Western Australia, N Northern Territory, Melville I, and N Queensland). in Pteropodidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.minimusE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1810—Java,MaduraI,BaliI,KangeanIs,andLombokI. M.m.booensisKompanje&Moeliker,2001—BooIsintheRajaAmpatIsoftNWNewGuinea. M.m.lagochilusMatschie,1899—C&SThailand,SVietnam(includingConSonI),W&SCambodia,PeninsularMalaysia,Sumatra,NiasI,Borneo,NatunaIs,Philippines,Sulawesi,TalaudIs,TimorI,andMoluccas(Halmahera,Buru,Seram,andAmbonIsaswellasafewothersmallerIsgroups). M. m. nanus Matschie, 1899 — New Guinea, Yapen I, Geelvink Is, Raja Ampat Is, Fergusson I, Bougainville I, Aru Is, Bismarck Archipelago, Kai Is, Admiralty Is, Solomon Is, and N Australia (NE Western Australia, N Northern Territory, Melville I, and N Queensland).

Distribution. Admiralty Is (Manus), St Matthias Is (Mussau), and Bismarck Archipelago including NE New Guinea offshore Is (Karkar, Bagabag, Tolokiwa, Sakar, and Umboi). in Pteropodidae

Distribution. Admiralty Is (Manus), St Matthias Is (Mussau), and Bismarck Archipelago including NE New Guinea offshore Is (Karkar, Bagabag, Tolokiwa, Sakar, and Umboi).

Distribution. Admiralty and Purdy Is, St Mattias Group, Bismarck Archipelago, Nissan Is, Carteret Group, and Solomon Is from Buka in the N to Malaita and Guadalcanal. in Pteropodidae

Distribution. Admiralty and Purdy Is, St Mattias Group, Bismarck Archipelago, Nissan Is, Carteret Group, and Solomon Is from Buka in the N to Malaita and Guadalcanal.

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Distribution. Probable original distribution includes SE Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including offshore Is of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai Archipelago, and Enggano), Borneo, Java, Bali, and many nearby Is. Introduced into the Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, and various other Is in more ancient times (in the last 2000-3000 years) and also to many Melanesian and Pacific Is, including Ryukyu, Hawaii, Christmas, Cocos (= Keeling), Palau, Northern Mariana, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, New Guinea, Bismarck, Solomon, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Futuna, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Cook, French Polynesia, Norfolk, New Zealand, and Adele. in Muridae

Distribution. Probable original distribution includes SE Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including offshore Is of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai Archipelago, and Enggano), Borneo, Java, Bali, and many nearby Is. Introduced into the Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, and various other Is in more ancient times (in the last 2000-3000 years) and also to many Melanesian and Pacific Is, including Ryukyu, Hawaii, Christmas, Cocos (= Keeling), Palau, Northern Mariana, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, New Guinea, Bismarck, Solomon, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Futuna, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Cook, French Polynesia, Norfolk, New Zealand, and Adele.

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Distribution. Present in most of mainland New Guinea, as well as a number ofislands in the Raja Ampat Is (Batanta), Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay (Yapen and Biak), and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain) and D'Entrecasteaux Is (Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby). in Muridae

Distribution. Present in most of mainland New Guinea, as well as a number ofislands in the Raja Ampat Is (Batanta), Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay (Yapen and Biak), and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain) and D'Entrecasteaux Is (Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby).

FIGURE 5 in A new shrub frog in the genus Platymantis (Ceratobatrachidae) from the Nakanai Mountains of eastern New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago

FIGURE 5. Comparison of the advertisement call of Platymantis citrinospilus and P. macrosceles. The 2.0 s waveform (A; relative amplitude vs. time) and audiospectrogram (B; frequency in kHz vs. time) of P. citrinospilus (holotype SAMA R64758) compared to waveform (C) and audiospectrogram (D) of P. macrosceles (UWZM 23721) of the same length. Platymantis citrinospilus recorded at ambient temperature of 17–18°C at Tompoi Camp, 1700 m abve sea level, Nakanai Mountains, New Britain; recorded by SJR. Platymantis macrosceles recorded at 17.1°C at 900 m on the ridge between the Ivule and Sigole Rivers, Nakanai Mountains, West New Britain Province; recoded by J. Foufopoulos (Foufopoulos and Brown, 2004).

FIGURE 1 in A new shrub frog in the genus Platymantis (Ceratobatrachidae) from the Nakanai Mountains of eastern New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago

FIGURE 1. Map of New Britain showing the type locality of Platymantis citrinospilus (square) at Tompoi Camp (~1,700 m above sea level, Nakanai Mountains) and Rabaul, the capital city of New Britain Province (circle).

FIGURE 3 in A new shrub frog in the genus Platymantis (Ceratobatrachidae) from the Nakanai Mountains of eastern New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago

FIGURE 3. Close up images of of the holotype of P. citrinospilus (A, C: SAMA R64758) and a paratype (B, D: PNGNM 24042) in life. Note white optical sclera encircling orbit (A), continuation of lateral areolation spot series into supracloacal region (B), low but distinct tarsal tubercles (C), and semi-transparent ventrum (D).

FIGURE 2 in A new shrub frog in the genus Platymantis (Ceratobatrachidae) from the Nakanai Mountains of eastern New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago

FIGURE 2. Photographs in life of the holotype (A: SAMA R64758) and paratypes (B: PNGNM 24042, C: SAMA R64756) of Platymantis citrinospilus and P. macrosceles (D: SAMA R64815).